On 7 August 2026, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan signed the Mecca Joint Defence Pact in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, establishing a collective-defence commitment that an armed attack on one member will be treated as an attack on all three.
- Signatories: Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif.
- Core principle: “An attack on one is an attack on all,” similar to NATO’s collective-defence principle.
- Background: The pact builds on the Saudi-Pakistan Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) signed in September 2025, with Türkiye now joining the arrangement.
- Key areas: Joint military training, defence technology cooperation and coordinated military activities.
- Strategic significance: The agreement reflects closer defence ties among the three countries amid regional instability and changing security dynamics in West Asia.
- Saudi position: The pact was described as a mechanism for sustainable defence cooperation, not a military or sectarian bloc.
Exam Fact: Mecca Joint Defence Pact → Saudi Arabia + Türkiye + Pakistan → Signed on 7 August 2026 → “An attack on one is an attack on all.”
