The 2025 Nobel Prizes honored transformative achievements across science, literature, peace, and economics. Here’s the full list of laureates with brief descriptions of their work:
🧬 Physiology or Medicine
Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi
Awarded for discovering regulatory T cells, which act as immune system “peacekeepers” by preventing autoimmune responses. Their work advanced treatments for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation.
⚛️ Physics
John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis
Recognized for demonstrating macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in electric circuits. Their experiments laid the groundwork for quantum computing and superconducting technologies.
🧪 Chemistry
David Baker, Demis Hassabis, John Jumper
Honored for breakthroughs in protein structure prediction using AI. Their work revolutionized drug discovery and molecular biology, notably through DeepMind’s AlphaFold project.
📚 Literature
László Krasznahorkai (Hungary)
Celebrated for his apocalyptic and philosophical fiction that explores the human condition in post-totalitarian societies. His prose is known for long, flowing sentences and existential depth.
🕊️ Peace
María Corina Machado (Venezuela)
Awarded for her courageous advocacy for democracy and human rights in Venezuela. Her efforts mobilized civil society and challenged authoritarianism through peaceful resistance.
📈 Economic Sciences
Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt
Recognized for their research on innovation-driven economic growth. They showed how technological change, competition, and creative destruction fuel long-term prosperity.
