Author name: Archit Gulia

Uttar Pradesh has 6 UNESCO World Heritage Sites all of which are located near Agra. Uttar Pradesh is a home to the 20 crore population of India and a rich history whom made thee heritage sites have different culture, beliefs and different art pattern. Below is the UNESCO World Heritage Site list and detail is provided.

Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India near the right bank of river Yamuna. It is a is mausoleum, which was build by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Taj Mahal is made of ivory white marbel.

Agra Fort

It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh. It has served as the residence of Mughal dynasty during rule. It is spread over 94 acres.

Fatehpur Sikri

It is located 30 km outside of Agra. It was founded as the capital city of Mughal empire by Akbar The Great. It is built largely from red sandstone, the fortresses, palaces, mosques, gardens and audience halls are all distinctive and unique.

Sarnath

It is a place located 10 kilometres northeast of Varanasi, near the confluence of the Ganges and the Varuna rivers in Uttar Pradesh, India. Here, Gautama Buddha taught his first sermon after attaining enlightenment.

Iconic Saree Weaving Cluster of India 

The Iconic Saree Weaving Cluster of India consists of Eight clusters, two of them are located in Uttar Pradesh. Banaras and Mubarakpur are commonly known for having the iconic settlements of saree weavers in India.

 Varanasi Riverfront

Located in Varanasi. Site stretches over a big area in front of the River Ganga and is an active spot for activities such as religious festivities and rituals. It is consisting of a symbolic chain of 84 ghats along with several temples and buildings of spectacular architecture.

Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state in India and the most populous country subdivision in the world. As per Census 2011 data, information about population of Uttar Pradesh is provided below.

1. 19.98 crores is the population of Uttar Pradesh.
2. Male and Female are 104,480,510 and 95,331,831 respectively.
3. Population growth from 2001 to 2011 is 20.23 percent and in the previous decade 1991 to 2001 was 25.80 percent.
4. The population of Uttar Pradesh forms 16.50 percent of total population of India.
5. Sex ratio in Uttar Pradesh is 912 female over 1000 males.
6. Uttar Pradesh literacy rate is overall 67.68 percent. Male literacy is 77.28 % and Female literacy is 57.18 %.
7. Projected population of 2023 is 24.14 crores.
8. 79.23 Percent of total population are Hindu and 19.26 Percent Muslim comprises of the population.
9. 22.27 percent population live in urban areas.

Uttar Pradesh Metropolitan Regions Population

The Most Populated States in India – As per 2011 census

Uttar Pradesh is the fourth-largest Indian state by area occupying 243,286 km² (93,933 sq mi), equal to 7.3 per cent of the total area of India. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand), has been created from Uttar Pradesh’s western Himalayan hill region. The forest cover is 6.1 per cent of the state’s geographical area. The area that is cultivable is 82 per cent of the total geographical area. In terms of Net State Domestic product (NSDP), Uttar Pradesh the fourth-largest economy in India,  contributing around 8.4% of India’s gross domestic product. Uttar Pradesh has a rich culture and traditions which are followed by Uttar Pradesh people all over the world.

Official Language of Uttar Pradesh for administrative use is Hindi and Urdu is co-official. Hindi is the most spoken language in Uttar Pradesh.

Bhojpuri is the second most spoken. For scripting purpose in office Devanagari script is used. In this blog we will be giving information about the languages spoken and written in Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh Language :

1. Hindi
2. Bhojpuri
3. Urdu

Hindi

It is referred Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family which is spoken chiefly in North India, and is also used in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of the two official languages of the Government of India, along with English. Official language written in document in UP government is Devanagari script of Hindi.

Bhojpuri

Bhojpuri  is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region . It is chiefly spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and western Jharkhand in India. It is an eastern Indo Aryan language is a descendant of Magadhi Prakrit and is related to Maithili, Magahi, Bangla, Odia,  Assamese, and other eastern Indo-Aryan languages.

Urdu

Co-Official language of Uttar Pradesh is Urdu. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. In India, Urdu is an Eighth Schedule language, its status and cultural heritage of this language are recognised by the Constitution of India; and it also has an official status in several Indian states including Uttar Pradesh. Urdu and Hindi share a common Sanskrit- and Prakrit-derived vocabulary base. Urdu is written in the Nastaliq style.

Conclusion :

Thank you students, for reading and understanding about the languages of Uttar Pradesh. The three top languages spoken, written and official were presented here. Stay tuned to this site for current affairs and general awareness Blog post.

The folk songs of Uttar Pradesh are unique to its people. These songs are celebrated all over the India through visiting peoples from Uttar Pradesh region. Many people from Uttar Pradesh are residing in different parts of India and World. This unique song form are conserved by this people all over the world.

In this blog we are presenting the names and details of folk songs .

1. Bhajan
2. Kajri
3. Kaharwa
4. Nauka Jhakkad
5. Sohar

Folk songs of Uttar Pradesh

Bhajan

Bhajans are devotional songs and sung for the Hindu deities like Lord Ram, Lord Krishna, Lord Shiva and others.

Kajri

This song is celebrated on Teej and Sawan. This song is sing near the start of monsoon. It talks about the beauty of ecology, the black cloud and thunder. It celebrates the beauty of nature and longing of a beloved and separation of loved ones.

Kaharwa

It is practised in the near region of Ganges and Yamuna. This song describes the everyday problems, love, romance and social issues. Kaharwa taal is having an eight-beat cycle.

Nauka Jhakkad

It is sung during Boat race and during river activities. Nauka Jhakkad means Rocking the Boat .

Sohar

This song as well as dance is performed for the celebration of the birth of a child. In this women typically make a circle and dance along the circle on the rhythm of dholak and song. Song is orated by women. It is symbol of unity, tradition and celebrating a new life.

Thank you for visiting this blog we have presented here Folk songs of Uttar Pradesh. This interesting music is giving Uttar Pradesh people delightful experience as well as devotional nature that brings people near goodness and God. All of this are the needs that have been provided with songs for creating awareness as well as followers devotionally.

The list and details of important Bird Sanctuaries in Uttar Pradesh (UP) are discussed in this blog. The main birds sanctuaries in alphabetical order includes ; Baakhira, Lakh Bahosi, Nawabgunj, Parvati Aranga, Patna, Saman, Sandi, Sur and Vijai Sagar.

Bakhira Bird Sanctuary

Location: Sant Kabir Nagar district

It is situated 44 km west of Gorakhpur city.Spread over 29 hectares, it is located on the banks of the river Ghaghra. Siberians birds travel across 5000 km to get to these wetlands at the time of winter’s.

Lakh Bahosi Bird Sanctuary

Location: Kannauj district

It is spread over two shallow lakes near the villages of Lakh and Bahosi (about 4 km apart) in Kannauj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 40 km from Kannauj. Bird species from 49 genera (of the 97 inhabiting India) can be seen at the sanctuary. It is one of the largest bird sanctuary in India, covering 80 km² includes also a stretch of the Upper Ganges canal. 

Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary

Location: Unnao district

It is located  on the Kanpur-Lucknow highway and consist of a lake and the surrounding environment. It is  wetland. It is spread over an area of 2,800 hectares . The sanctuary provides protection for 250 species of migratory birds mostly from CIS countries.

Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary

Location: Gonda district

Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary is located in the Gonda District and is about 45 Km. from Gonda at Mankapur-Nawabganj Road and Mankapur-Faizabad Railway Line in state of Uttar Pradesh, India. This sanctuary is spread over an area of 1084.47 ha. It is known for its diverse birdlife included residents and migratory birds like Kingfisher and Osprey.

Patna Bird Sanctuary

Location: Etah district

It is situated near town Jalesar  (Bell City) . It is a protected area and it is important wintering ground for migratory birds. This has over 200 species of resident and migratory birds, including the critically endangered Egyptian vulture. It is the smallest bird sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh.

Saman Bird Sanctuary

Location: Mainpuri district

It is occupying an area of 5.68 hectares, located on the banks of the river Yamuna and is known for its diverse avifauna.

Sandi Bird Sanctuary

Location: Mainpuri district

It is 1 Km from the Sandi town, 19 Km from city Hardoi and 129 Km from Lucknow, the state capital. It is protected area. Lake’s area is 309 ha. It is protected to protect residential bird , aquatic life and migratory birds.

Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary

Location: Agra district

It is located in Mathura-Delhi Highway. Soor Sarovar bird sanctuary covers an area of 7.97 sq km. In this sanctuary there is a large lake covering area of 2.25sq km with depth wearing from 4 meter to 8 meter. Today it is home to more than 165 species of migratory and resident birds.

Vijai Sagar Bird Sanctuary

Location: Bulandshahr district

This Sanctuary is occupying an area of 369 hectares, and this sanctuary is located on the banks of the river Ganges and is home for a variety of resident and migratory birds.

Thanks for visit and enjoy the reading of Bird Sanctuaries in Uttar Pradesh blog.

The important points of Uttar Pradesh (UP) History during different rule, has been provided in this blog. These points are very useful for the students preparing for Uttar Pradesh Civil Services Exam – UPPSC PCS and UPSC IAS.

Uttar Pradesh history :

The Uttar Pradesh History is divided into following period :

1. Prehistory and Mythology (up to c. 600 BCE)
2. The Buddhist- Hindu Period (c. 600 BCE to c. 1200 CE)
3. The Muslim Period (c. 1200 to c. 1775)
4. The British Period (c. 1775 to 1947)
5. The Post-Independence Period (1947 to the present)

Prehistory and Mythology (up to c. 600 BCE)

1. Archaeological findings reveal insights in modern-day Uttar Pradesh, dating back to around 10,000 BCE.
2. Vedic literature and ancient Indian epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata are providing crucial knowledge about the region before the 7th century BCE.
3. The Mahabharata is set around Hastinapur, whereas the Ramayana is centered on Ayodhya, the birthplace of Lord Rama.
4. Mathura and Vrindavan are mythological sites associated with the birth of Krishna, another incarnation of Vishnu.

The Buddhist- Hindu Period (c. 600 BCE to c. 1200 CE)

1. The history of India and Uttar Pradesh trace back to the end of the 7th century BCE, which is marked by the dominance of 16 great states in northern India, from which seven were falling within the boundaries of present-day Uttar Pradesh.
2. From the 5th century BCE to the 6th century CE, the region was under the control of Magadha in Bihar and later Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh. Rulers included Chandragupta , Ashoka , Samudra Gupta, Chandra Gupta II , and Harsha.
3. Harsha, a ruler who reigned from around 606 to 647 CE, controlled Uttar Pradesh from capital at Kanyakubja (modern Kannauj) and extending his rule over the parts of present-day Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Rajasthan.
4. The evolution of religion saw Brahmanism emerge from the ancient Vedic religion by the 6th century BCE, later it evolved into classical Hinduism by the 2nd century BCE. Buddhism, founded by Buddha, is spread across India, including Uttar Pradesh, with significant sites such as Sarnath and Kushinagara.
5. In the beginning , Buddhism and Brahmanic or Hindu culture coexisted, the Buddhist art was flourishing under Ashoka’s reign and Hindu art reached its peak during the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th century CE).
6. After Harsha’s death, around 647 CE, there was a decline in Buddhism and a revival of Hinduism, which was led by philosopher Shankara, whom believed to have established the famous Badrinath temple in the Himalayas after visiting Varanasi and traveling through the plains of Uttar Pradesh.

The Muslim Period (c. 1200 to c. 1775)

1. Muslim incursions began around 1000–30 CE, but Muslim rule over northern India, was established at late 12th century by Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām (Muḥammad Ghūrī).
2. For almost 600 years, Uttar Pradesh was ruled by various Muslim dynasties, which was centered in or near Delhi, starting with the Delhi Sultanate.
3. In 1526, Bābur, a descendant of Genghis Khan and Timur, defeated Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī and then founded the Mughal dynasty, which was dominated the subcontinent for over 200 years, centered in Uttar Pradesh.
4. Under Akbar’s reign (1556–1605), the Mughal Empire promoted a new composite culture that blended elements of Hinduism and Islam. Akbar’s court was full of eminent figures in architecture, literature, painting, and music, regardless of caste or creed.
5. The Mughal era saw the rise , such as Ramananda’s bhakti sect and Kabīr’s teachings marking the importance of the unity of religions.
6. Decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century led to shift of cultural centers from Delhi to Lucknow, where under the nawab of Oudh, art, literature, music, and poetry flourished in an environment of communal harmony.

The British Period (c. 1775 to 1947)

1. The East India Company acquired present-day Uttar Pradesh over 75 years, which is from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, by taking territories from various powers including nawabs, the Sindhias of Gwalior, and the Gurkhas of Nepal.
2. Uttar Pradesh then part of the Bengal Presidency, these territories were separated in 1833 to form North-Western Provinces (later the Agra Presidency), which included annexed kingdom of Oudh in 1856, forming United Provinces in 1877.
3. The Indian Mutiny of 1857–58, which was in the United Provinces, it was a widespread revolt against the East India Company, leading to the transfer of administration from the Company to British crown in 1858.
4. The United Provinces played a significant role in the rise of Indian nationalism, producing important leaders like Motilal Nehru, Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Purushottam Das Tandon.
5. Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi’s noncooperation movement of 1920–22 had found strong support in the United Provinces but suspended after mob violence in Chauri Chaura.
6. The United Provinces witnessed extensive development, including establishment of canals, railways, and modern education institutions.

Uttar Pradesh history : The Post-Independence Period (1947 to the present)

1. In 1947, the United Provinces became part of independent India and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950 under the new Indian constitution.
2. Uttar Pradesh played a significant role in Indian politics, producing several prime ministers like Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee, along leaders of national opposition parties like Acharya Narendra Dev and Mulayam Singh Yadav.
3. State-level politics in Uttar Pradesh characterized by frequent shifts in government control between parties like the BJP, SP, and BSP since the early 1990s.
4. Instances of direct central government control occurred, notably in 1992–93 following rioting after the destruction of Babri Masjid in Ayodhya.
5. Unrest in Himalayan regions of Uttar Pradesh led to demands for a separate state. This culminated in the formation of Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand) in November 2000, carving the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh is famous for the food varieties and tasty food it offers. Due to present of different culture in Uttar Pradesh many different food habits and different type of dishes can be find. Every dish in Uttar Pradesh is mouth watery. Here we are providing you with a list Uttar Pradesh Famous food. Their taste makes this dishes famous. Uttar Pradesh should be in bucket list of people to have the flavor of the dishes.

Famous Food of Uttar Pradesh

Chaat : Chaat is a mixture of potato vegies , Chola, Bhel (Namkeen)and Aloo Tiki (similar to the Tiki used in burger ) popular variants included Alu Tikkis or Samosa (garnished with onion, potatoes, coriander, peas, hot spices and a dash of yogurt), Bhel puri, Dahi puri, Panipuri, Dahi vada, Papri chaat, and Sev puri.

Biryani : It is made with rice, some type of meat for non- veg people(chicken, goat, pork, lamb, beef, prawn, or fish) and spices. For vegetarians, it is prepared by substituting vegetables or paneer for the meat.

Boondi : It is made from fried chickpea flour. It is taken as dessert.

Dum bhindi : Potato and fried Ladyfinger .

Egg curry: Egg in a tomato curry.

Kofta: stuffed vegetables in a Calabash.

Litti chokha: Stuffed protein food in wheat cover.

Pakora: Fried bread ,

Palak paneer: Spinach gravy and paneer .

Tehri: Rice cooked with a little amount of turmeric adding to the flavour.

Poori: Oil and Wheat is mixed . Then slices are made and fried in oil and the poori is just delicious.

Raita: Tomato , Onion and Calabash peals are added in curd and mixed till the curd become smooth.

Rajma: Red kidney beas are made in a Tomato, Onion Curry.

Chole : chickpea are made in a Tomato, Onion Curry.

Petha : This is eaten as dessert it is sweet and made from pumpkin.

Other items

• Pasanda paneer 
• Samosa
• Shab deg 
• Kalmi kebab
• Shami kabab 

We are providing the list of Airport in Uttar Pradesh from where commercial flights operates for General Knowledge and Awareness. Uttar Pradesh has a vast geographical area. Connectivity is necessary for each part of any state. Uttar Pradesh has airport connectivity at various locations covering entire state of Uttar Pradesh. These airport have been categorised as Domestic, International according to whether the flights operated are going in India or is going to outside India.

List of Airport in Uttar Pradesh

Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport

Situated in Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, it is one of the busiest airports in the state. It is a International airport. Chaudhary Charan Singh was a former prime minister and honoured by Bharat Ratna.  It handled 6.2 million passengers, which means more than 45,500 aircraft movements in the fiscal year 2023–2024. Lucknow Aerocity is being constructed around airport.

Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport

It is a international airport serving the city of Varanasi, which is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world and a significant religious center in India. It is handling more than 2 million passenger traffic every annum. It is 20^th busiest airport in India. Varanasi is the center from spiritual temples and also the art engraved on the temples. One can find many relatable things from extreme past to this area.

Noida International Airport

It is under construction. It is also known as Jewar airport as it is situated in Jewar in Gautam Budh Nagar district. It will be a international airport. It will be high traffic airport. It will serve the NCR (National Capital Region) and reduce the traffic load of Indra Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi.
It is connected to various highways in Delhi NCR like Ghaziabad–Bulandshahr–Aligarh (NH-34) and Delhi–Ghaziabad–Meerut Expressway. Under construction points connecting roads are Yamuna Expressway, KGP Expressway and Delhi-Mumbai Expressway. It is being constructed to the international standards.

Uttar Pradesh (UP) all District List for General Knowledge and General Awareness for Competitive exams. Uttar Pradesh was established in 1950 after India become a republic. It is a born out of  United Provinces, established in 1935 by renaming the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh and in turn established in 1902 from the North-Western Provinces and the Oudh Province.

Uttar Pradesh contributes 80 seats for Lok Sabha and 31 seats to Rajya Sabha. Hindi is the largest spoken language and also the official language along with Urdu.

Presently, Uttar Pradesh has 75 districts. The name of districts and their areas are mentioned in list in alphabetic order.

List of Uttar Pradesh – All District

Uttar Pradesh is blessed with high number of rivers that passes its geography as well as those which merge into each other. List of Rivers in Uttar Pradesh with origin, and Joining Information in provided here. In Uttar Pradesh a great deal of spiritual culture is found to be associated to these above mentioned rivers. This rivers not only providing spiritual mindset in people but also provides water and soil in agriculture of the Uttar Pradesh.

List of Rivers in Uttar Pradesh

Ganga and Yamuna rivers

Ganga and Yamuna rivers plains are the most fertile soils deltas in the whole regions. Rivers are god and bread weavers for this regions. Ganga and Yamuna both originates from the glaciers in the Uttarakhand. Yamuna merges in Ganga in Prayagraj living behind a beautiful scenery of their different coloured soil and water merging into one. That is also one of the main tourist and holy place in Uttar Pradesh. These different and small rivers are worshiped for providing holy and food bearing water to the residents. All rivers are hold and worshiped to the same extent as like the Ganges in North India. Ganges and other rivers canals have been created all over the region providing the agriculture the sufficient water it needs. Uttar Pradesh has become a food bearing geography by these canals.

Noida is the richest city in Uttar Pradesh. Noida full form is New Okhla Industrial Development Authority. This is located in Gautambudh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh . Noida is well planned developed in infrastructure and a hub for electronics and information technologies industries. Many MNCs and big Indian firms has offices in Noida.

Due to the well paid salaries to its employees this area has developed places like malls, restaurants and high rise building. This region is well connected by Delhi metro and this area is very near to the capital of India (Delhi). This is also real state owning and renting area . Modern businesses are well established in Noida.

Jewar International airport (to be operational soon) situated in Gautambudh Nagar. Noida is also the hub for education for students, college and universities.

Facts about Noida

• The district’s administrative headquarters of Gautambudh Nagar district is in the nearby city of Greater Noida
• This District contributes 10 percent of the total GDP of the Uttar Pradesh.
• Noida is classified as a special economic zone (SEZ).
• Noida falls under the catchment area of the Yamuna River, and it is located on the old river bed.