India successfully conducted a salvo launch of two ‘Pralay’ surface-to-surface missiles off the Odisha coast on 31 December 2025. The test, conducted by DRDO, was a part of user evaluation trials and was witnessed by officers from the Indian Air Force, Indian Army, and industry representatives, including development and production partners. ‘Pralay’ is an indigenously…
A compilation of the Top most significant national and international current affairs of the year 2025 in short, curated for competitive exams (UPSC, SSC, Banking, and State PSCs). This summary is organized month-wise, focusing on facts and major milestones from gknow.in and other reliable educational sources. January 2025 February 2025 March 2025 April 2025 May…
Q. According to the IMF and ACI Worldwide reports, why is India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) considered the world’s leading real-time payment system? A. It is used only for government transactionsB. It has the highest number of registered banksC. It accounts for around 49% of global real-time payment transactionsD. It operates only in metropolitan cities
The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has been recognized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the world’s largest retail fast-payment (real-time) system by transaction volume, according to the IMF report “Growing Retail Digital Payments (The Value of Interoperability)” released in June 2025. Additionally, as per the ACI Worldwide report “Prime Time for Real-Time” 2024, UPI…
Q. Who won the men’s title at the 2025 FIDE World Rapid Chess Championship?a) Arjun Erigaisib) Hans Moke Niemannc) Magnus Carlsend) Vladislav Artemiev Q. What is the name of the Long Range Guided Rocket tested by DRDO at the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur in December 2025?a) Agni-Primeb) Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocketc) Pralay Missiled)…
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully carried out the maiden flight test of the Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket at the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, on 29 December 2025. The rocket was tested to its maximum range of 120 km, performing all planned in-flight manoeuvres and striking the target with high accuracy….
At the 2025 FIDE World Rapid & Women’s World Rapid Chess Championships held in Doha, Qatar, on 28 December 2025, India secured two bronze medals. Arjun Erigaisi won bronze in the men’s section, finishing third with 9.5 points, while Koneru Humpy secured bronze in the women’s section, adding to her previous rapid chess gold titles…
Q. President Droupadi Murmu undertook a historic submarine sortie in December 2025 onboard which submarine? A. INS ArihantB. INS KalvariC. INS VaghsheerD. INS Chakra
On 28 December 2025, President Droupadi Murmu, the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, undertook a rare dived operational sortie onboard INS Vaghsheer, an indigenous Kalvari-class submarine, on the Western Seaboard. She embarked the submarine from Karwar Naval Harbour, Karnataka, accompanied by Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi, and spent over two…
Q. Which country became the first in the world to officially recognise Somaliland as an independent state in December 2025?A. EgyptB. United StatesC. IsraelD. United Kingdom Q. Who received the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar on 26 December 2025 for achievements in cricket?A. Shubman GillB. Sarfaraz KhanC. Vaibhav SuryavanshiD. Yashasvi Jaiswal
On 26 December 2025, President Droupadi Murmu conferred the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar on 14-year-old cricket sensation Vaibhav Suryavanshi for his exceptional achievements in domestic and U-19 cricket. The ceremony recognised outstanding children across fields such as sports, bravery, social service, environment, art & culture, and science & technology. Vaibhav has quickly risen as…
Israel has officially become the first country to recognise Somaliland as an independent state, marking a historic diplomatic shift. The move has drawn sharp reactions from Somalia and the African Union, who warn it could destabilise the Horn of Africa. Key Points Context Somaliland has operated with its own government, military, and currency since 1991…
Q. Veer Baal Diwas, observed every year on 26 December, commemorates the martyrdom of which Sahibzadas of Guru Gobind Singh Ji?A. Ajit Singh & Jujhar SinghB. Ajit Singh & Zorawar SinghC. Zorawar Singh & Fateh SinghD. Jujhar Singh & Fateh Singh
Veer Baal Diwas is observed every year on 26 December to honour the martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s younger sons, Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji, who refused to abandon their faith and chose sacrifice over submission at a very tender age. The day commemorates their unparalleled courage, devotion, and commitment…
Q. Good Governance Day is observed annually on 25 December to mark the birth anniversary of which former Prime Minister of India?(a) Jawaharlal Nehru(b) Lal Bahadur Shastri(c) Atal Bihari Vajpayee(d) Morarji Desai Q. Who has been nominated for the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna 2025?(a) Gagan Narang(b) Hardik Singh(c) MM Somaya(d) Treesa Jolly
Two-time Olympic medallist and Indian men’s hockey team vice-captain Hardik Singh has been nominated for the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna, India’s highest sporting honour. The nominations for the National Sports Awards 2025 were finalised on 24 December 2025 by a selection panel comprising IOA vice-president Gagan Narang, former hockey player MM Somaya, and former…
Good Governance Day is observed every year on 25 December to commemorate the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, one of India’s most respected statesmen, poets, and visionary leaders. Declared by the Government of India in 2014, the day underscores the principles of accountability, transparency, efficiency, and citizen-centric governance, values that defined…
Q. The United States’ AST SpaceMobile BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite was launched in December 2025 through which commercial arm of ISRO?A. Antrix CorporationB. NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)C. Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization CenterD. Bharat Electronics Limited Q. National Farmers Day (Kisan Diwas) is celebrated every year on which date in India?A. 26 JanuaryB. 15…
President Droupadi Murmu conferred the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 on 23 December 2025 at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, recognising exceptional contributions in the fields of science, technology, and innovation. The awards, in their second edition, are India’s highest scientific honour and were presented under four categories: Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shree, Vigyan Yuva–Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, and…
National Farmers Day, also known as Kisan Diwas, is observed annually on 23 December in India to recognise the vital contribution of farmers to the country’s economy, food security, and rural development. The day marks the birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh, India’s fifth Prime Minister, who is remembered for his strong advocacy of farmers’…
India successfully carried out another significant space mission as ISRO, through its commercial arm NewSpace India Limited, launched the United States’ AST SpaceMobile BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite on 24 December 2025 at 8:55 AM from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The satellite was placed into Low Earth Orbit by ISRO’s heavy-lift launch vehicle LVM3, marking its sixth…
India–Bangladesh relations have come under significant strain in late 2025 due to diplomatic, political, and security challenges. In December 2025, Bangladesh suspended consular and visa services in New Delhi, while India closed its visa centres in Rajshahi and Khulna, citing security concerns. These steps mark the sharpest diplomatic downturn in recent years, disrupting people-to-people contact….
Q. Who has been appointed captain of India’s squad for the ICC T20 World Cup 2026?A. Hardik PandyaB. Rohit SharmaC. Suryakumar YadavD. Jasprit Bumrah Q. National Mathematics Day is observed on 22 December to commemorate the birth anniversary of which mathematician?A. AryabhataB. Bhaskara IC. Srinivasa RamanujanD. C.V. Raman Q. The ex-Agniveer quota in Border Security…
The Union Home Ministry has increased the quota for ex-Agniveers in constable recruitment of the Border Security Force (BSF) from 10% to 50%, according to a gazette notification dated 21 December 2025. The notification provides age-limit relaxation for ex-Agniveers: Additionally, ex-Agniveers will be exempted from the Physical Standard Test (PST) and Physical Efficiency Test (PET),…
National Mathematics Day is observed every year on 22 December to commemorate the birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan, one of India’s greatest and most influential mathematicians. The day highlights the importance of mathematics in scientific advancement, innovation, and everyday life. The observance was instituted by the Government of India in December 2011, officially designating 22…
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has announced a 15-member Indian squad for the upcoming ICC T20 World Cup, scheduled to be held from 7 February to 8 March 2026. Suryakumar Yadav has been named captain of the Indian team. Shubman Gill has been removed from the vice-captaincy and dropped from the…
Q. A special discussion during the Winter Session of Parliament 2025 marked the 150th anniversary of which song?A. Jana Gana ManaB. Sare Jahan Se AchhaC. Vande MataramD. Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon
Both Houses of Parliament were adjourned sine die on 19 December 2025, marking the conclusion of the 19-day Winter Session, which began on 1 December 2025. In his valedictory address, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla said the Lower House held 15 sittings and recorded 111% productivity, thanking members for their cooperation. Rajya Sabha Chairman C.P….
Q. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred the Order of Oman (First Class) by which leader in December 2025?A. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al MaktoumB. Sultan Qaboos bin SaidC. Sultan Haitham bin TarikD. King Salman bin Abdulaziz Q. Which digital platform was launched by PM Narendra Modi during the Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional…
The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Bill, 2025 (SHANTI Bill) represents a major reform in India’s civil nuclear sector, positioning nuclear power as a key component of the country’s clean energy transition. Passed by both Houses of Parliament in December 2025, the bill replaces outdated laws such as the Atomic…