Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 14 October 2025

Q. Who won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for their work on innovation and “creative destruction”?
a) Paul Krugman, Milton Friedman, and Ben Bernanke
b) Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt
c) Simon Johnson, James Robinson, and Daron Acemoglu
d) Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen, and Nikolaas Tinbergen

Show Answer
Ans: b) Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt

Q. Who is the President of Mongolia who visited India in October 2025?
a) Khaltmaagiin Battulga
b) Khurelsukh Ukhnaa
c) Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
d) Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj

Show Answer
Ans: b) Khurelsukh Ukhnaa

Q.: In October 2025, Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that recruitment for the Railway Protection Force (RPF) will be conducted every year. Which organisation has been entrusted with conducting this recruitment?
a) Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
b) Railway Recruitment Board (RRB)
c) Staff Selection Commission (SSC)
d) National Recruitment Agency (NRA)

Show Answer
Ans: c) Staff Selection Commission (SSC)

RPF Recruitment to Be Held Annually by SSC, Announces Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw

On 13 October 2025, Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that Railway Protection Force (RPF) recruitment will now be conducted annually by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC). Speaking at the 41st Raising Day of the RPF in Valsad, Gujarat, he also unveiled modernization plans, including VHF sets, digital, and drone training for RPF personnel.

Highlighting Indian Railways’ progress, he stated that 35,000 km of new tracks have been built, 99% electrification achieved, and 7,300 stations are under redevelopment, with 110 completed.

Mongolian President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa on a four-day state visit to India (October 13–16, 2025)

Mongolian President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa is on a four-day state visit to India (October 13–16, 2025) — his first as Head of State — marking the 70th anniversary of India-Mongolia diplomatic ties.

The visit highlights the growing strategic partnership between the two democracies, focusing on energy, mining, defense, education, and cultural cooperation. High-level talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu aim to strengthen bilateral relations through new MoUs and discussions on regional security and connectivity.

The visit also underscores the “Third Neighbor” policy of Mongolia and India’s engagement with Central Asia, reinforcing shared values of democracy, peace, and development.

2025 Nobel Prize in Economics Awarded for Work on Innovation and Creative Destruction

Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for explaining how innovation and “creative destruction” drive long-term economic growth.

Their research shows that new technologies replace old ones, improving living standards but also requiring continuous innovation to avoid stagnation.

  • Mokyr (Northwestern University) studied historical factors behind technological progress.
  • Aghion (Collège de France, INSEAD, LSE) and Howitt (Brown University) built a model showing how innovation fuels growth.

Aghion urged Europe to balance competition and industrial policy, learning from the U.S. and China.
The prize, worth 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.2 million), was the final Nobel of 2025.

Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 13 October 2025

Q: The Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025 between India and Australia, held at Perth from 13–26 October 2025, was led by which regiment of the Indian Army?

A. Rajput Regiment
B. Sikh Regiment
C. Gorkha Rifles
D. Madras Regiment

Show Answer
Ans : C. Gorkha Rifles

Q: Afghan Foreign Minister Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi’s visit to India from 9–16 October 2025 marked the first Taliban ministerial trip since 2021. Which religious institution did he visit during his stay to signal outreach to Indian Muslims?

A. Aligarh Muslim University
B. Jamia Millia Islamia
C. Darul Uloom Deoband
D. Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow

Show Answer
Ans : C. Darul Uloom Deoband

Q: The United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) Chiefs’ Conclave 2025 hosted by India will be held in which city?

A. Mumbai
B. Bengaluru
C. New Delhi
D. Hyderabad

Show Answer
Ans: C. New Delhi

United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) Chiefs’ Conclave in New Delhi (14–16 October 2025)

The Indian Army will host the United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) Chiefs’ Conclave in New Delhi from 14–16 October 2025, bringing together senior military leaders from 32 nations engaged in UN peacekeeping operations.

The conclave will provide a platform to discuss operational challenges, interoperability, inclusivity, evolving threats, and the role of technology and training in strengthening global peacekeeping. As one of the largest contributors to UN missions, India aims to promote cooperation, knowledge-sharing, and a shared vision for future UN peacekeeping strategies.

Participating nations include Australia, Bangladesh, France, Nepal, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and several others from Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America. The conclave reaffirms India’s commitment to global peace, stability, and cooperation.

Afghan Foreign Minister Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi’s Visit to India (9–16 October 2025)

Afghan Foreign Minister Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi visited India from 9 to 16 October 2025, marking the first Taliban ministerial visit to India since 2021. His week-long trip included stops in New Delhi, Deoband, and Agra, symbolizing a blend of diplomatic, religious, and cultural outreach.

Muttaqi held talks with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and NSA Ajit Doval on regional security, counterterrorism, and humanitarian cooperation. His visit to Darul Uloom Deoband represented a gesture of religious solidarity, while his tour of the Taj Mahal in Agra served as an act of cultural diplomacy.

India–Australia joint military exercise AUSTRAHIND in Perth from 13–26 October 2025

The fourth edition of India–Australia joint military exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025 began in Perth, Australia, on 13 October 2025. The exercise, running till 26 October, involves 120 Indian Army personnel, led by a Battalion of Gorkha Rifles.

It aims to enhance defence cooperation, improve interoperability, and exchange tactics and techniques for sub-conventional warfare in urban and semi-urban terrain. The focus is on joint company-level operations in open and semi-desert areas, including joint planning, tactical drills, and special arms skills. The exercise will help both armies hone operational capabilities, integrate emerging technologies, and strengthen mutual camaraderie.

Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 11 October 2025

Q. Maria Corina Machado, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2025, is a political leader from which country?

A) Brazil
B) Colombia
C) Venezuela
D) Argentina

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer: C) Venezuela

Q. In which event did India win a bronze medal at the BWF World Junior Championships 2025, held in Guwahati, Assam?

A) Men’s Singles
B) Women’s Doubles
C) Mixed Team Event
D) Men’s Doubles

Show Answer
Answer: C) Mixed Team Event

Q. Before its upgradation in October 2025, what was the nature of India’s diplomatic presence in Kabul?

A) No diplomatic mission at all
B) A full-fledged embassy
C) A limited Technical Mission
D) A consulate office

Show Answer
Answer: ✅ C) A limited Technical Mission

India Upgrades Technical Mission in Kabul to Full Embassy

India will upgrade its Technical Mission in Kabul to a full Embassy, signaling full diplomatic re-engagement with Afghanistan. Announcing this on 10 October 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar reaffirmed India’s support for Afghanistan’s sovereignty, stability, and development.

India pledged continued development aid, including 20 ambulances, medical equipment, vaccines, food supplies, and help in rebuilding earthquake-hit and refugee housing. Six new projects will also be launched.

Jaishankar said India will resume work on infrastructure, water management, and mining cooperation, and expand educational and sports exchanges, especially in cricket. He also stressed joint efforts against cross-border terrorism.

Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi is visiting India after the UN temporarily lifted his travel ban to allow diplomatic talks.

India Wins Bronze at BWF World Junior Mixed Team Championships 2025

On 10 October 2025, the Indian junior badminton team secured a historic bronze medal in the Mixed Team event at the BWF World Junior Mixed Team Championships, held in Guwahati, Assam. This marks India’s first-ever podium finish in this category.

India defeated South Korea in the quarterfinals and put up a strong fight against Indonesia in the semifinals before settling for bronze. Strategic player changes and standout performances from athletes like Bhargav Ram Arigela and Viswa Tej Gobburu contributed to the team’s success.

Maria Corina Machado Wins 2025 Nobel Peace Prize

On 10 October 2025, Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her unwavering commitment to promoting democracy and leading a peaceful transition from dictatorship in Venezuela. The Norwegian Nobel Committee praised her for keeping the spirit of democratic resistance alive despite political persecution and threats.

Machado, founder of the electoral watchdog Súmate and a former member of Venezuela’s National Assembly, has been a central figure in organizing peaceful protests and advocating for civil liberties. Her recognition highlights the global importance of non-violent activism and democratic resilience in the face of authoritarianism.

The award ceremony will take place on 10 December 2025 in Oslo, Norway.

Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 10 October 2025

Q. Who won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature?
A. Orhan Pamuk
B. Salman Rushdie
C. László Krasznahorkai
D. Kazuo Ishiguro

Show Answer
Ans: C. László Krasznahorkai

Q. Where was the first phase of the Israel–Hamas peace plan signed in October 2025?

A) Geneva, Switzerland
B) Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt
C) Doha, Qatar
D) Jerusalem, Israel

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt

Israel and Hamas Sign First Phase of Peace Plan

On 9 October 2025, Israel and Hamas signed the first phase of a landmark peace agreement aimed at ending a two-year war that has devastated Gaza and strained regional stability. The deal, brokered by Egypt, Qatar, Turkey, and the United States, includes:

  • Release of 20 Israeli hostages in exchange for nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners
  • Israeli troop withdrawal to a designated line within Gaza
  • Humanitarian aid: 400 trucks per day allowed into Gaza for the first five days
  • Framework for future negotiations on governance, disarmament, and reconstruction

The agreement was signed in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, and hailed by leaders as a breakthrough. While critical issues remain unresolved, the deal marks a hopeful step toward lasting peace in the region.

Hungarian Writer László Krasznahorkai Wins 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature

Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai has been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “compelling and visionary works that reaffirm the power of art amid apocalyptic terror.”

Born in Gyula, Hungary (1954), Krasznahorkai is celebrated for his long, philosophical, and complex prose, often exploring despair, chaos, and the search for meaning.

His major works include:

  • Satantango (1985)
  • The Melancholy of Resistance (1989)
  • War and War (1999)
  • Seiobo There Below (2008)
  • Baron Wenckheim’s Homecoming (2016)

World Mental Health Day 2025

World Mental Health Day is observed every year on 10 October to raise awareness and promote global action for mental well-being. The 2025 theme — “Access to Services: Mental Health in Catastrophes and Emergencies” — focuses on ensuring mental health support for people affected by conflicts, displacement, natural disasters, and health crises.

The day was first initiated by the World Federation for Mental Health in 1992 and is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO). It reminds us that mental health is essential to overall health and that stigma must be reduced through awareness and care.

Research shows that 1 in 5 people may experience mental health issues during or after emergencies. However, only 2% of global health budgets are dedicated to mental health, limiting access to crucial care.

Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 9 October 2025

Q. Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025?
A. John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis
B. Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi
C. Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless
D. Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna, and Feng Zhang

Show Answer
Answer: B. Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi

Q. Who is the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who visited India in October 2025?
A. Rishi Sunak
B. Keir Starmer
C. Boris Johnson
D. Liz Truss

Show Answer
Answer: B. Keir Starmer

Q. When is World Mental Health Day observed every year?
A) 5 October
B) 10 October
C) 15 October
D) 20 October

Show Answer
Ans: B) 10 October

UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s India Visit 2025 – A New Era of India–UK Partnership

From October 8–9, 2025, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer made his first official visit to India, marking a significant step forward in India–UK bilateral relations. The visit, hosted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, focused on strengthening the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership under the Vision 2035 Roadmap, covering areas such as trade, defence, climate, energy, education, and innovation.

Starmer led the UK’s largest-ever trade delegation of over 100 leaders, promoting the India–UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), which aims to remove tariffs on 90% of goods and boost trade by £25.5 billion annually. Both leaders also launched the Technology Security Initiative (TSI) to collaborate on AI, quantum computing, biotech, and critical minerals.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025 – Awarded for Developing Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

On October 8, 2025, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025 was awarded to Susumu Kitagawa (Japan), Richard Robson (Australia), and Omar M. Yaghi (United States) for their pioneering development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) — molecular structures with large internal spaces that allow gases and chemicals to pass through.

Their discovery has revolutionized materials science, enabling applications in gas storage, catalysis, and environmental purification. Each laureate will receive an equal share of the 11 million Swedish kronor prize.

Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 8 October 2025

Q. Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics 2025?
A. Peter Higgs, François Englert, and James Peebles
B. John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis
C. Roger Penrose, Andrea Ghez, and Reinhard Genzel
D. Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger

Show Answer
Answer: B. John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis

Q. When is the Indian Air Force Day celebrated every year?
A. 26 January
B. 15 August
C. 8 October
D. 4 December

Show Answer
Answer: C. 8 October

Q. Where is the Navi Mumbai International Airport located?
A. Panvel
B. Ulwe, Navi Mumbai
C. Thane
D. Belapur

Show Answer
Answer: B. Ulwe, Navi Mumbai

Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) Inauguration

On October 8, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the first phase of the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA), marking a major milestone in India’s aviation infrastructure. Built at Ulwe, Navi Mumbai, with an investment of ₹19,650 crore, the project is developed under a PPP model by Adani Airports Holdings Ltd (74%) and CIDCO (26%).

Phase 1 of NMIA can handle 20 million passengers and 0.8 million metric tonnes of cargo annually, supporting up to 380 flights per day. The lotus-inspired design by Zaha Hadid Architects features advanced sustainability elements like 47 MW solar power, Sustainable Aviation Fuel storage, and electric mobility solutions.

NMIA offers multimodal connectivity through road, rail, metro, and water taxi links, and includes an Automated People Mover (APM) for terminal transfers. It will operate alongside Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA), making Mumbai India’s first dual-airport city.

Indian Air Force Day 2025 – 93rd Anniversary Celebrations at Hindon Air Base

On October 8, 2025, India celebrated the 93rd Air Force Day at Hindon Air Base, Ghaziabad, honoring the courage, legacy, and advanced capabilities of the Indian Air Force (IAF). The theme for 2025, “Operation Sindoor,” highlighted the IAF’s decisive role in protecting national security through successful air strikes after the Pahalgam attack.

The event featured a grand parade, flypast showcasing aircraft like Rafale, Su-30MKI, MiG-29, Apache, and C-17 Globemaster, and a farewell to the MiG-21 Bison after six decades of service. Indigenous systems like Netra AEW&C and Akash Missile System were also displayed.

The IAF, founded on October 8, 1932, continues to embody its motto “नभः स्पृशं दीप्तम्” (“Touch the Sky with Glory”), symbolizing strength, precision, and unwavering dedication to the nation.

Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 – Quantum Physics on a Chip

On 7 October 2025, American scientists John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering experiments demonstrating quantum physics on a chip.

Their work proved that quantum effects like tunnelling and energy quantisation can occur in macroscopic electrical circuits, advancing the development of quantum computers, sensors, and cryptography.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded them 11 million Swedish kronor, recognizing their contribution as a major milestone in modern quantum technology and physics research.

Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi Win 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine for Discovery of Regulatory T Cells

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell (both from the USA), and Shimon Sakaguchi (Japan) for their groundbreaking discovery on peripheral immune tolerance.

The Nobel Committee announced the award on 6th October 2025 in Stockholm, Sweden, recognizing the trio for identifying regulatory T cells (Tregs) — crucial immune components that prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues. Their discovery has opened new pathways for treating autoimmune diseases, cancer, and improving organ transplantation outcomes.

The prize, worth 11 million Swedish kronor, will be shared equally among the three laureates.

  • Mary E. Brunkow (b. 1961) – Ph.D. from Princeton University; Senior Programme Manager at the Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle.
  • Fred Ramsdell (b. 1960) – Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles; Scientific Advisor at Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco.
  • Shimon Sakaguchi (b. 1951) – M.D. (1976) and Ph.D. (1983) from Kyoto University; Distinguished Professor at Osaka University, Japan.

Their pioneering work has revolutionized immunology and influenced clinical trials and therapeutic innovations worldwide.

(Note: The 2024 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for discovering microRNA and its role in gene regulation.)

Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 7 October 2025

Q. What are the dates scheduled for polling in the Bihar Assembly Elections 2025?
A) 1st and 5th November
B) 4th and 9th November
C) 6th and 11th November
D) 8th and 12th November

Show Answer
Answer: C) 6th and 11th November

Q. What is the theme of the Global Fintech Fest 2025, held in Mumbai from 7th to 9th October 2025?
A) Digital Finance for All
B) Fintech Innovation for Growth
C) Empowering Finance for a Better World Powered by AI
D) Sustainable and Inclusive Fintech

Show Answer
Answer: ✅ C) Empowering Finance for a Better World Powered by AI

Q. Who won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
A) Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun, and Mary Brunkow
B) Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi
C) Shimon Sakaguchi, Tasuku Honjo, and James Allison
D) Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun, and Shimon Sakaguchi

Show Answer
Answer: ✅ B) Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi

6th Global Fintech Fest 2025 Begins in Mumbai with Focus on AI-Powered Finance

The 6th edition of the Global Fintech Fest (GFF) began in Mumbai on 7th October 2025. The event was inaugurated by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. The theme for this year’s festival is “Empowering Finance for a Better World Powered by AI.”

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer are scheduled to deliver the keynote address on 9th October, where they will also interact with industry leaders, policymakers, and innovators.

A major highlight of GFF 2025 is the “Bharat AI Experience Zone” set up by NPCI and NVIDIA, showcasing India’s advancements in AI-driven fintech. The event features a large expo with over 400 exhibitors, along with workshops, hackathons, investment pitches, fintech awards, and various networking sessions.

The three-day event, held at Mumbai’s Jio World Centre, is expected to attract over one lakh visitors and 7,500 participating companies, making it one of the largest global gatherings in the fintech sector.

Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 Announcement

The Election Commission of India has announced that the Bihar Assembly Elections will be held in two phases — on 6th November and 11th November 2025, with vote counting on 14th November. The election will cover 243 assembly seats, with 121 constituencies voting in the first phase and 122 in the second.

Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar said that over 90,712 polling booths will be set up for 7.43 crore voters.

  • First phase notification: 10th October; nominations open till 17th October.
  • Second phase notification: 13th October; nominations open till 20th October.

Current Affairs MCQs : Dated – 6 October 2025

Q. What milestone did India achieve in the overall standings at World Para Athletics Championships 2025?
a) Top-3 finish
b) Top-5 finish
c) Top-10 finish
d) Top-15 finish

Show Answer
Answer: c) Top-10 finish

Q. Who has been appointed as India’s new ODI captain in October 2025?
A. Rohit Sharma
B. Shreyas Iyer
C. Shubman Gill
D. KL Rahul

Show Answer
✅ Answer: C. Shubman Gill

Q. Exercise KONKAN-2025 is a bilateral naval exercise between which two countries?
a) India and France
b) India and the United Kingdom
c) India and Japan
d) India and the United States

Show Answer
Answer: b) India and the United Kingdom

Q. At what ages are the mandatory Aadhaar biometric updates required for children?
a) 3 years and 10 years
b) 5 years and 15 years
c) 6 years and 12 years
d) 7 years and 17 years

Show Answer
Answer: b) 5 years and 15 years

UIDAI Waives Aadhaar Biometric Update Charges for Children Aged 5–17 Years

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has waived Aadhaar biometric update charges for children aged 5 to 17 years for one year, effective from 1 October 2025. This move will benefit around six crore children across India.

Aadhaar enrollment for children below five years requires only basic demographic details (name, photo, date of birth, gender, and address) since biometrics are not taken at that age. The first mandatory biometric update is done when a child turns five, and the second at fifteen. These updates, now free for the 5–7 and 15–17 age groups, would otherwise cost ₹125 per update.

Exercise KONKAN-2025 – Strengthening India-UK Naval Partnership

The India-UK naval exercise KONKAN-2025 began on 5 October 2025 off India’s western coast, strengthening maritime cooperation under the India-UK Vision 2035. Conducted in two phases till 12 October, it includes harbour activities like professional exchanges and sea drills on anti-air, anti-surface, and anti-submarine warfare.

The exercise features INS Vikrant from India and the UK Carrier Strike Group (HMS Prince of Wales), with participation from Norway and Japan. Afterward, the UK group will hold a joint drill with the Indian Air Force on 14 October 2025.

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