Current Affairs

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  • National Current Affairs – Government updates, policies, bills, and major developments

  • International Affairs – Global events, agreements, and geopolitical updates

  • Awards & Honours – National and international recognitions

  • Culture & Heritage – Festivals, traditions, and notable cultural events

  • Science & Technology – ISRO, DRDO, space missions, innovations, discoveries

  • Polity & Governance – Constitutional amendments, committees, judicial updates

  • Important Days & Themes – Monthly observances and exam-relevant themes

  • Government Schemes – New initiatives, updates, launches, and budgets

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India–U.S. Bilateral Trade Pact Talks Resume

On 16 September 2025, India and the U.S. held high-level talks in New Delhi to push forward a long-awaited bilateral trade agreement. The meeting, led by Brendan Lynch (U.S.) and Rajesh Agrawal (India), comes after strained ties over the 50% U.S. tariffs on Indian goods linked to Russian crude imports.

Both sides agreed to intensify efforts, with weekly virtual discussions paving the way for the sixth formal negotiation round. Leaders Donald Trump and Narendra Modi expressed optimism, aiming to finalize the first phase of the pact by Fall 2025, covering tariffs, market access, agriculture, dairy, and MSMEs.

CBSE’s New Rules for Class 10 & 12 Board Exams

On 15 September 2025, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) announced new guidelines for board exams:

Attendance Rule:

  • 75% attendance is mandatory to appear in Class 10 & 12 board exams.
  • Attendance will be directly linked to internal assessment.
  • Students failing to meet this requirement will not be allowed to sit for exams.

Additional Subjects:

  • Class 10: Students may opt for two additional subjects (besides five compulsory).
  • Class 12: Students may opt for one additional subject.
  • These subjects must be studied over two academic years.

Restrictions on Schools:

  • Schools cannot offer subjects without trained teachers, labs, or board approval.
  • Students cannot take such subjects as main or additional papers.

Compartment/Essential Repeat Students: Students in these categories for additional subjects may reappear as private candidates.

India’s First Bamboo-Based Bio-Refinery in Assam

On 14 September 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s first bamboo-based bio-refinery at Numaligarh Refinery, Golaghat district, Assam. Developed by Assam Bio-Ethanol Private Limited (ABEL) — a joint venture of NRL, Finland’s Fortum, and Chempolis OY — the ₹5,000 crore project is the world’s first zero-waste bioethanol plant using bamboo.

  • Annual Production Capacity: 48,900 MT ethanol, 11,000 TPA acetic acid, 19,000 TPA furfural, 31,000 MT food-grade CO₂.
  • Technology: 2G bio-refining using enzymatic hydrolysis & fermentation.
  • Green Energy: Generates 25 MW of electricity.
  • Economic Impact: Boost of ₹200 crore annually to Assam’s rural economy; support for 50,000+ bamboo farmers; thousands of jobs.
  • Significance: Strengthens ethanol blending program, reduces crude oil imports, and promotes bamboo cultivation after its reclassification from tree to grass.

Minakshi Hooda, Jaismine Lamboria Clinch Gold at World Boxing Championships 2025

On 14 September 2025, Minakshi Hooda (48 kg) and Jaismine Lamboria (57 kg) won gold medals at the World Boxing Championships in Liverpool, England.

  • Minakshi defeated Nazym Kyzaibay.
  • Jaismine outclassed Julia Szeremeta, Paris Olympics silver medallist.

With these wins, they joined the elite group of Indian world champions like Mary Kom, Nikhat Zareen, Sarita Devi, Lovlina Borgohain, and others.

👉 India finished with four medals, its best-ever tally in an overseas edition of the tournament.

Asia Cup 2025: India Defeats Pakistan by 7 Wickets in Dubai

Asia Cup 2025 (14 September, Dubai): India defeated Pakistan by 7 wickets in a Group A clash. Pakistan, restricted to 127/9 in 20 overs, saw a late cameo from Shaheen Afridi (33 off 16)* after early blows by Hardik Pandya and Jasprit Bumrah. Spinners Kuldeep Yadav (3/18) and Axar Patel dominated the middle overs.

Chasing, India reached 131/3 in 15.5 overs, with Abhishek Sharma (31 off 13) providing a quick start and Suryakumar Yadav (47 off 37)* guiding the innings. SKY sealed victory with a six, earning India a comfortable win. Kuldeep Yadav was named Player of the Match.

International Day of Democracy (15 September 2025)

International Day of Democracy (15 September 2025) marks the 18th global observance of people-powered governance, emphasizing the importance of free expression, participation, and inclusion. UN Secretary-General António Guterres praised citizens worldwide for defending democracy amid challenges like disinformation and shrinking civic space.

A special UN event themed “From Voice to Action” celebrated 20 years of the UN Democracy Fund (UNDEF), which has supported over 1,000 initiatives to strengthen civil society, gender equality, transparency, and the rule of law. The day highlights democracy as a force for hope, dignity, cooperation, and peace.

Hindi Diwas (14 September) – Celebrating India’s Official Language

Hindi Diwas (14 September) marks the day in 1949 when the Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi in Devanagari script as India’s official language.

It celebrates not just the language, but also unity, identity, and cultural pride. Observed nationwide through poetry, essays, and cultural programs, the day highlights Hindi’s role in connecting communities and enriching India’s literary and cultural heritage.

Mizoram’s First Railway Link – Bairabi–Sairang Line

On 13 September 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 51.38 km Bairabi–Sairang railway line, giving Mizoram its first-ever rail connection.

  • The project features 48 tunnels, 142 bridges (including Bridge No. 196 at 114 m), built at a cost of ₹8,070 crore over two decades.
  • The line connects Sairang (near Aizawl) with Bairabi, linking Mizoram to Assam’s Silchar and the national network.
  • Aizawl becomes the 4th NE capital (after Guwahati, Agartala, Itanagar) to get direct rail connectivity.
  • New services launched:
    • Sairang–Delhi Rajdhani Express
    • Sairang–Kolkata Express
    • Sairang–Guwahati Express

Sushila Karki Becomes Nepal’s First Woman Prime Minister

Historic Appointment: Former Chief Justice Sushila Karki was sworn in as Nepal’s interim Prime Minister on 12 Sept 2025, becoming the first woman to hold the post. President Ramchandra Paudel administered the oath at Sheetal Niwas, Kathmandu.

She replaces KP Sharma Oli, who resigned amid Gen Z-led protests against corruption and poor governance. Karki was chosen through a youth-driven online vote on Discord, gaining support from both activists and political parties.

Mauritius PM’s India Visit (Sept 9–16, 2025)

Mauritius PM Dr. Navinchandra Ramgoolam paid an eight-day state visit to India (Sept 9–16, 2025), his first overseas bilateral engagement.

  • Talks with PM Modi in Varanasi: Focus on MAHASAGAR Vision & Neighbourhood First Policy.
  • Agreements: MoUs in science & tech, oceanography, power; plans for a space research station and floating solar project.
  • Economic Package: India pledged support for infrastructure, healthcare, and jobs in Mauritius.
  • Cultural Roots: Visits to Ayodhya, Tirupati, Varanasi; reconnected with ancestral village in Bihar.
  • Significance: Strengthened ties, diaspora bonds, and cooperation in the Indian Ocean & Global South.

Fitch Revises India’s Growth Forecast from 6.5% to 6.9%

India’s GDP forecast for FY2025 was raised from 6.5% to 6.9%, driven by strong domestic demand, higher consumer spending, and supportive financial conditions.

GST reforms are seen as credit positive, expected to boost consumption and reduce risks to growth, despite global headwinds like higher US tariffs.

Medium-term outlook: India’s growth projected at 6.3% in FY2027, with the economy operating slightly above potential.

Monetary policy: The RBI may cut rates by 25 basis points by year-end.

Global forecast: Fitch projects 2.3% growth in 2026, supported by China and Eurozone momentum.

Adi Sanskriti: World’s First Digital Tribal University

On September 10, 2025, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs launched Adi Sanskriti at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi — the world’s first Digital Tribal University. This initiative blends technology with tradition to preserve tribal heritage, empower communities, and promote education.

🎓 Key Features

  • Adi Vishwavidyalaya: Digital academy with 45+ online courses on tribal dance, music, crafts, and folklore.
  • Adi Sampada: Repository of 5,000+ curated documents on tribal art, textiles, and traditions.
  • Adi Haat: Online marketplace (linked with TRIFED) connecting tribal artisans directly with buyers.

🌿 Purpose

  • Preserve endangered tribal languages and traditions.
  • Provide education and digital access to tribal communities.
  • Create sustainable livelihoods by reducing middlemen.
  • Build global awareness of India’s tribal culture.

🛠️ Collaboration

Developed with Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs) from 15 states, ensuring authenticity and grassroots participation.

17th Asia Cup 2025 in Abu Dhabi from September 9–28

The 17th Asia Cup (T20I format) is being held in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, UAE from September 9–28, 2025. Originally India had hosting rights, but political tensions with Pakistan shifted the event to the UAE.

  • Teams (8):
    • Group A: India, Pakistan, UAE, Oman
    • Group B: Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Hong Kong
  • Matches: 19 total; most start at 6:30 PM UAE time.

India, the defending champions, are chasing their 9th Asia Cup title. The tournament is also a prelude to the 2026 ICC Men’s T20 World Cup, highlighting the UAE’s role as a global cricket hub.

Nepal PM KP Sharma Oli Resigns Amid Violent Gen Z Protests

On 9 Sept 2025, Nepal Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned after violent Gen Z–led protests over the government’s social media ban. Demonstrators stormed his office, set his Balkot residence on fire, and attacked the homes of several leaders, including ministers Prithvi Subba Gurung and Bishnu Paudel.

Despite curfews in Kathmandu Valley and other districts, youths continued protests by burning tyres, blocking roads, and clashing with police. Violence also spread to Rautahat district, where protesters torched a police vehicle. Authorities restricted movement but allowed essential services during the unrest.

CP Radhakrishnan Elected as 15th Vice President of India

On 9 Sept 2025, NDA nominee CP Radhakrishnan was elected as the 15th Vice President of India, defeating INDIA bloc candidate Justice B. Sudershan Reddy. Radhakrishnan secured 452 first preference votes against Reddy’s 300, while 15 votes were declared invalid. The election witnessed a 98.2% turnout, with 767 MPs voting out of 781. The Vice President’s post had been vacant since July 21, following the resignation of Jagdeep Dhankhar due to health reasons.

Born in 1957 in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, Radhakrishnan has served as Governor of Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Telangana, and Puducherry, besides being a two-time MP from Coimbatore and a former BJP Tamil Nadu president.

Nepal Withdraws Social Media Ban After Deadly Protests

On 8 Sept 2025, the Nepal government withdrew its decision to ban 26 social media platforms, including Facebook and X, after massive youth-led protests turned violent, leaving at least 19 people dead and over 300 injured. Minister for Communication and Information Prithvi Subba Gurung announced the rollback after an emergency Cabinet meeting, saying agencies had been ordered to resume social media services as demanded by ‘Gen Z’ protesters in Kathmandu. The demonstrations had escalated after some protesters stormed the Parliament complex, forcing police to use water cannons, tear gas, and even live rounds.

Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli promised an investigation into the deadly crackdown, announcing relief for victims’ families and free treatment for the injured. Curfews had earlier been imposed in several major cities to contain unrest. Meanwhile, Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak resigned on moral grounds amid widespread criticism over the handling of what is being called one of Nepal’s deadliest protests in recent years.

India Beat Oman to Clinch Bronze in CAFA Nations Cup 2025

On 8 Sept 2025, India’s football team defeated Oman 3-2 on penalties at the Hisor Central Stadium in Tajikistan to claim third place in the Central Asian Football Association (CAFA) Nations Cup 2025. Goalkeeper Gurpreet Singh Sandhu saved three spot-kicks, while Chhangte, Bheke, and Jithin MS converted their penalties to seal the win.

This was India’s first-ever victory over Oman in 31 years. Under new head coach Khalid Jamil, the team displayed resilience throughout the tournament, registering a win over Tajikistan and a draw against Afghanistan before clinching the historic bronze.

India Wins 2025 Men’s Asia Cup Hockey in Rajgir

On 7 September 2025, India’s Men’s Hockey Team defeated South Korea 4–1 in the final of the Hero Asia Cup 2025 at the Rajgir Sports Complex, Bihar. Goal scorers included Sukhjeet Singh, Dilpreet Singh (2), and Amit Rohidas. This marks India’s 4th Asia Cup title (after 2003, 2007, 2017).

With this victory, India secured qualification for the 2026 FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup (Netherlands & Belgium). Hockey India announced ₹3 lakh prize money per player and ₹1.5 lakh for support staff.

Carlos Alcaraz Wins 2nd U.S. Open Title, Reclaims World No. 1

On 7 Sept 2025, Carlos Alcaraz won his second U.S. Open men’s singles title, defeating Jannik Sinner 6-2, 3-6, 6-1, 6-4 at Arthur Ashe Stadium. The 22-year-old Spaniard reclaimed the World No. 1 ranking and secured his 6th Grand Slam, becoming the first player since 1978 to win multiple majors on all three surfaces before turning 23.

Alcaraz dominated with 42 winners, 10 aces, and zero double faults, while Sinner, the 2024 champion, struggled to keep pace. This win extended Alcaraz’s head-to-head lead over Sinner to 10-5, cementing his status as tennis’s leading young star.

Indian filmmaker Anuparna Roy wins Best Director award at Venice Film Festival 2025

Anuparna Roy, Indian filmmaker, won Best Director in the Orizzonti section at the 82nd Venice Film Festival (6 Sept 2025) for her indie film Songs of Forgotten Trees, the only Indian entry in this category.

  • Golden Lion (Best Film): Father Mother Sister Brother by veteran U.S. director Jim Jarmusch.
  • Silver Lion (Runner-up): The Voice of Hind Rajab by Tunisia’s Kaouther Ben Hania.
  • Best Actor: Toni Servillo (La Grazia, Italy).
  • Best Actress: Xin Zhilei (The Sun Rises On Us All, China).
  • Best Director (Main Competition): Benny Safdie (The Smashing Machine).
  • Special Jury Prize: Gianfranco Rosi (Below the Clouds, Italy).

Japanese PM Shigeru Ishiba Resigns

Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, 68, announced his resignation after just 11 months in office, citing responsibility for the Liberal Democratic Party’s (LDP) electoral defeats.

The resignation follows the LDP-Komeito coalition’s loss of majority in Upper House elections. An emergency LDP leadership contest will now take place, with contenders including Sanae Takaichi (a critic of BoJ’s rate hikes) and Shinjiro Koizumi (Farm Minister and rising political figure).

Ganesh Chaturthi 2025 – Grand Visarjan

The 10-day Ganesh Chaturthi festival (Aug 27–Sep 6, 2025) concluded on Anant Chaturdashi with Ganesh Visarjan across India.

Celebrations: Iconic mandals like Lalbaugcha Raja in Mumbai drew lakhs, while Ahmedabad and Hyderabad focused on eco-friendly immersions. Families performed Uttarang Puja at home before immersing idols.

Significance: The festival reinforced devotion, unity, and cultural heritage, ending with the promise: “Come back soon, Bappa!”

Bhutan PM Tshering Tobgay’s India Visit

Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay, accompanied by his spouse Aum Tashi Doma, paid a four-day official visit to India from September 3–6, 2025 to deepen bilateral, cultural, and spiritual ties.

His visit included Ayodhya (Ram Janmabhoomi & Hanumangarhi Temples), Rajgir (Consecration of the Royal Bhutan Temple with Je Khenpo), and Nalanda University, where he highlighted Bhutan’s Vajrayana traditions.

In Delhi, he held talks with Indian leaders including EAM S. Jaishankar. The visit underscored India–Bhutan friendship, Buddhist spiritual heritage, and regional cooperation under India’s Act East Policy.

Onam: Kerala’s Festival of Unity and Prosperity

Onam 2025 was celebrated on September 5, 2025(Thiruvonam Day). It is Kerala’s biggest harvest festival, marking the annual return of King Mahabali, remembered for his golden reign.

The festival highlights values of unity, equality, and prosperity. Major traditions include Pookalam (floral carpets), Onasadya (feast with 20+ vegetarian dishes), Vallam Kali (snake boat race), Pulikali (tiger dance), and Kaikottikali (women’s dance). Onam is a symbol of abundance and cultural heritage, bringing families and communities together in celebration.

Teachers’ Day in India – 5th September

Teachers’ Day is Celebrated annually on September 5th to honor the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, philosopher, scholar, and second President of India.

Significance: Recognizes teachers as mentors, guides, and role models who shape knowledge, values, and character.

Qualities of a Great Teacher: Patience, empathy, passion for teaching, adaptability, integrity, and fairness.

Union Cabinet Approves ₹1,500 Crore Incentive Scheme for Critical Mineral Recycling

On 3 September 2025, the Union Cabinet chaired by PM Narendra Modi approved a ₹1,500 crore Incentive Scheme under the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) to boost domestic recycling capacity for critical minerals.

  • Tenure: FY 2025-26 to FY 2030-31 (6 years).
  • Eligible feedstock: e-waste, Lithium-ion battery (LIB) scrap, and other metal scraps.
  • Scope: Applies to new units, expansion, modernization, and diversification of existing units.
  • Incentives:
    • Capex subsidy: 20% on plant & machinery for timely production.
    • Opex subsidy: Based on incremental sales (40% in 2nd year, 60% in 5th year).
  • Expected outcomes:
    • 270 kilo ton annual recycling capacity.
    • 40 kilo ton annual critical mineral production.
    • Investment of ₹8,000 crore.
    • Creation of ~70,000 jobs.

Co-location of Anganwadi Centres with Schools: Govt Issues Guidelines

On 3 September 2025, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and Union WCD Minister Annapurna Devi launched the Guidelines for Co-location of Anganwadi Centres with Schools at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

  • The initiative aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to ensure holistic care for mothers and children and to strengthen early learning foundations.
  • Anganwadi workers were recognised as the first teachers in a child’s life, with emphasis on using AI and technology to promote Indian languages.
  • The guidelines aim for:
    • Smooth transition of children from Anganwadis to schools
    • Improved health, nutrition, and retention in primary education
  • Nearly 2 lakh schools will be connected with broadband in the next three years to boost digital learning.
  • The programme stresses community participation and integration with NIPUN Bharat and Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi initiatives.

GST Council Approves Major Rate Rationalisation; Insurance & Life-saving Drugs Made GST-Free

The 56th GST Council Meeting, chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in New Delhi on 3 September 2025, approved sweeping rate rationalisation reforms to benefit the common man, farmers, labour-intensive industries, and the health sector.

🔑 Key Decisions:

  • Tax Slabs Reduced → Four GST slabs merged into two by scrapping 12% & 28%, retaining 5% & 18%.
  • Insurance → All individual life & health insurance policies exempted from GST, including family floaters & senior citizen policies.
  • Medicines →
    • 33 life-saving drugs: GST reduced from 12% → NIL.
    • 3 cancer & rare disease drugs: GST reduced from 5% → NIL.
    • Other medicines: 12% → 5%.
    • Medical devices & apparatus: 18% → 5%.
  • Daily-use items → Hair oil, soap, shampoos, toothpaste, bicycles, kitchenware, etc. → 5% GST only.
  • Food items → Namkeen, noodles, chocolates, sauces, pasta, ghee, butter, coffee, etc. → 12%/18% → 5%.
    • Milk (UHT), paneer, chena, Indian breads → 0% GST.
  • Consumer durables → ACs, TVs, dishwashers, small cars & motorcycles → 28% → 18%.
  • Agriculture → All farm equipment → 12% → 5%.

Financial Impact: Revenue loss of ₹48,000 crore, but deemed fiscally sustainable.

Meeting Participation: Attended by Union Ministers, State CMs, Deputy CMs, Governors & Finance Ministers from across India.

India Unveils First Indigenous Semiconductor Chip “Vikram-3201”

On the sidelines of Semicon India 2025 in New Delhi, On 2 September 2025, India unveiled its first fully Made-in-India semiconductor chip, named Vikram-3201, developed by ISRO’s Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL).

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw presented the chip to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, marking a giant step in India’s semiconductor self-reliance journey under the India Semiconductor Mission (2021).

56th GST Council Meeting in New Delhi on 3 September 2025

The 56th GST Council Meeting began in New Delhi on 3 September 2025, chaired by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. The two-day meeting focuses on next-generation GST reforms, including rate rationalisation and compliance simplification.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in his Independence Day speech, emphasized the benefits of GST and announced that the new reforms would be unveiled on Diwali 2025, reducing taxes on essential goods and providing relief to farmers, the middle class, MSMEs, local vendors, and consumers.

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