Current Affairs

Current Affairs is the most important part of every competitive exam in India. At gknow.in, we provide accurate, exam-focused, and easy-to-read current affairs to help aspirants prepare confidently for SSC, UPSC, Banking, Railways, Defence, State PCS, and other government exams.

This parent category covers all major current affairs topics, including:

  • National Current Affairs – Government updates, policies, bills, and major developments

  • International Affairs – Global events, agreements, and geopolitical updates

  • Awards & Honours – National and international recognitions

  • Culture & Heritage – Festivals, traditions, and notable cultural events

  • Science & Technology – ISRO, DRDO, space missions, innovations, discoveries

  • Polity & Governance – Constitutional amendments, committees, judicial updates

  • Important Days & Themes – Monthly observances and exam-relevant themes

  • Government Schemes – New initiatives, updates, launches, and budgets

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  • Gaganyaan G1 Mission; Launch Planned for December 2025

    On 23 October 2025, ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan announced that 90% of work on the Gaganyaan uncrewed test flight mission (G1) has been completed, with the launch scheduled for the first week of December 2025. He confirmed that all key tests — including those on the crew module, escape system, parachute, and communication subsystems — have been successfully conducted. The Vyomamitra humanoid will fly aboard this uncrewed mission to low Earth orbit.

    The final crewed Gaganyaan mission is targeted for 2027, during which three Indian astronauts will travel to space and return safely.

    Dr. Narayanan also provided updates on other ISRO projects:

    • The NISAR Earth Observation Satellite will have its payloads operational within 10–15 days.
    • The first base module of the Bharatiya Antriksh Station will be launched by 2028, with the space station expected by 2035.
    • The NAVIC navigation satellite constellation (seven satellites) will be fully operational by 2027.
    • The Mars Lander Mission configuration is under development and awaiting approval.
    • ISRO is advancing technology for next-generation multi-stage rockets capable of lifting 75,000–80,000 kg, designed for human and deep space missions.

  • India Rises to 9th Globally in Total Forest Area: FAO’s GFRA 2025 Report

    India has risen to the 9th position globally in total forest area, as per the Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025 released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Bali. The country also retains its 3rd rank worldwide in annual forest area gain, showcasing strong progress in sustainable forest management and ecological balance.

    Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav shared the achievement, crediting the rise from 10th to 9th rank to the government’s effective forest conservation and afforestation policies under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Key initiatives include the ‘Ek Ped Ma Ke Naam’ campaign, which inspires citizens to plant trees in tribute to their mothers, strengthening community participation in environmental efforts.

  • Book Launch – “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security” by Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd)

    The book “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security”, authored by Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd), was launched on 22 October 2025 in New Delhi. It presents a strategic framework for integrating India’s military capabilities with civil institutions to strengthen national power and comprehensive security. The book highlights Civil-Military Fusion (CMF) as essential for modern warfare, emphasizing jointness, integration, and innovation across defence, governance, and technology sectors.

    Launched by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, the event also featured CDS Gen Anil Chauhan and Army Chief Gen Upendra Dwivedi, who praised the concept for promoting strategic synergy. Drawing lessons from Operation Sindoor, the book showcases effective joint command and preemptive defence strategies. It aligns with ongoing defence reforms like the creation of the CDS and focus on indigenous defence production, serving as a vital guide for policymakers and strategists.

  • Ningol Chakouba : Manipur’s Festival Celebrating the Bond Between Sisters and Brothers

    Manipur celebrated the Ningol Chakouba festival on 23 October 2025, a traditional occasion that strengthens the bond between married women and their brothers along with their paternal families.

    Observed annually on the second day of Hiyangei month in the Meitei calendar, the festival involves married women visiting their parental homes with gifts like fruits and vegetables, sharing a grand feast, and receiving gifts from their brothers.

    The term Ningol Chakouba translates to “feast of married women.”

  • Neeraj Chopra Conferred Honorary Rank of Lieutenant Colonel

    On 22 October 2025, Olympic javelin champion Neeraj Chopra was conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army during a ceremony in New Delhi, attended by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi.

    Mr. Singh praised Neeraj as a symbol of perseverance, patriotism, and excellence, inspiring both the sporting community and the Armed Forces.

    Neeraj joined the Indian Army in 2016 as a Naib Subedar, later rising to Subedar Major. His accolades include the Arjuna Award (2018), Khel Ratna (2021), Param Vishisht Seva Medal (2022), and Padma Shri (2022), following his historic Tokyo 2020 Olympic gold medal.

  • India to Host FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 in Goa

    India will host the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 at Resort Rio, Arpora (Goa) from October 31 to November 17, marking the tournament’s return to India after 23 years. The event will feature elite players from 82 countries, including Viswanathan Anand, Gukesh D, and Faustino Oro.

    Inaugurated by Goa Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant, the tournament’s logo and anthem celebrate Goan culture and India’s chess heritage. Conducted in a knockout format, the World Cup aims to boost tourism, sports infrastructure, and reinforce India’s growing prominence in global chess. The pleasant Goan climate and scenic venue make it an ideal international sporting destination.

  • UDAN Scheme Completes 9 Years: 1.56 Crore Passengers Benefited Since 2016

    The Regional Connectivity Scheme – UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) has enabled over 1.56 crore passengers to travel through 3.23 lakh flights since its launch on 21 October 2016 under the National Civil Aviation Policy. Marking its 9th anniversary, Civil Aviation Secretary Samir Kumar Sinha called UDAN a transformational initiative that made air travel affordable and accessible. The government plans to extend the scheme beyond April 2027 under an Expanded UDAN Framework, focusing on better connectivity to hilly, North-Eastern, and aspirational regions and developing 120 new destinations.

    So far, 649 routes have connected 93 unserved and underserved airports, including 15 heliports and 2 water aerodromes. Over ₹4,300 crore has been given as Viability Gap Funding, and ₹4,638 crore invested in airport development. The government also introduced Guidelines for Seaplane Operations and launched UDAN 5.5, granting Letters of Intent for 150 new routes connecting 30 water aerodromes across coastal and island regions.

  • Sanae Takaichi Becomes Japan’s First Female Prime Minister

    On 21 October 2025, Sanae Takaichi became Japan’s first female Prime Minister, elected by both Houses of Parliament with narrow majorities. A former TV anchor, Takaichi began her political career in 1993 and joined the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in 1996.

    She has previously served in the Cabinet under Shinzo Abe, including as Economic Security Minister (2022–2024). The 64-year-old lawmaker from Nara Prefecture now faces major challenges such as slow economic growth, inflation, and yen depreciation.

  • Police Commemoration Day on October 21: Remembering the Heroes of Hot Springs (1959)

    Police Commemoration Day is observed every year on October 21 to honor the supreme sacrifices made by police personnel in the line of duty. The day originated from the 1959 Hot Springs incident in Ladakh, where ten CRPF jawans were martyred after being ambushed by Chinese troops.

    The main ceremony takes place at the National Police Memorial (NPM) in New Delhi, featuring the Wall of Valour, a central sculpture, and a museum dedicated to police history.

    In 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh led the national tribute, with state-level parades, exhibitions, and outreach programs organized across India to honor fallen heroes. Police units also engaged with schools and communities to spread awareness about the courage and service of the force.

  • Rodrigo Paz Wins Bolivia’s Presidency, Ending 19 Years of Socialist Rule

    Rodrigo Paz, leader of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC), won Bolivia’s 2025 presidential election with 54.5% of the vote, defeating former interim President Jorge “Tuto” Quiroga (45.5%) in the October 19 runoff. He will assume office on November 8, 2025.

    Paz’s victory marks the end of nearly two decades of socialist dominance by the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), once led by Evo Morales. A 58-year-old economist educated in the U.S., Paz ran on a centrist and reform-oriented platform, pledging “capitalism for all”—balancing market reforms with social welfare.

    Bolivia is currently facing a severe economic crisis with high inflation and fuel shortages, which fueled voter dissatisfaction. Paz now faces the challenge of governing without a legislative majority, requiring alliances to stabilize the economy, rebuild investor trust, and strengthen democracy.

  • Afghanistan and Pakistan Agree to Ceasefire After Deadly Border Clashes

    Afghanistan and Pakistan reached an immediate ceasefire on October 18, 2025, after a week of deadly border clashes that left dozens dead and hundreds injured. The truce was brokered in Doha with mediation by Qatar and Turkiye, marking a key step toward easing tensions along the 2,600 km border.

    The agreement calls for:

    • Immediate end to hostilities
    • Monitoring mechanisms for compliance
    • Follow-up peace talks for lasting stability

    The conflict began on October 11, 2025, when Pakistan launched airstrikes in Kabul and Paktika, blaming Afghan-based groups for cross-border attacks—claims denied by Afghanistan.

  • Mohun Bagan Wins 125th IFA Shield After Thrilling Penalty Shootout

    Mohun Bagan Super Giant clinched the 125th Indian Football Association (IFA) Shield by defeating East Bengal FC 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in a thrilling Kolkata Derby final at Salt Lake Stadium on October 18, 2025.

    • Goals: Hamid Ahadad (East Bengal, 36’) and Lalengmawia Ralte “Apuia” (Mohun Bagan, 45’).
    • Result: Mohun Bagan won on penalties (5–4), securing their 21st IFA Shield title and first since 2003.

    🏅 About the IFA Shield:
    Founded in 1893, the IFA Shield is the fourth-oldest football tournament in the world (after the FA Cup, Scottish Cup, and Durand Cup). The 2025 edition marked its return after a three-year gap, last held in 2021, when Real Kashmir FC were champions.

  • Rajnath Singh Unveils First Tejas LCA Mk1A Fighter Jet at HAL Nashik

    On 17 October 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveiled the first Tejas LCA Mk1A fighter jet from HAL’s new Nashik production line and inaugurated a second production line for the HTT-40 trainer aircraft.

    Rajnath Singh noted that before 2014, around 65–70% of defence equipment was imported, but now about 65% is produced domestically. He praised HAL Nashik for its six-decade contribution to strengthening India’s defence manufacturing.

    The Tejas LCA Mk1A is an advanced, 4.5-generation, multi-role fighter jet designed to replace the MiG-21s, featuring improved avionics, air-to-air refuelling, and capabilities for air defence, ground attack, and maritime strike missions.

    Q. Which organization developed the Tejas LCA Mk1A fighter jet?
    A) DRDO
    B) ISRO
    C) Bharat Dynamics Limited
    D) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

    Ans: D) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

  • India Beats Malaysia 2-1 to Reach Sultan of Johor Cup Final

    On 17 October 2025, India defeated Malaysia 2-1 in the final pool match of the Sultan of Johor Cup Men’s Hockey in Johor, Malaysia. The first quarter ended 0-0. Gurjot Singh scored for India in the 22nd minute to give a 1-0 lead at half-time. Malaysia equalized in the 43rd minute through Naaveenesh Panicker. Five minutes later, Sourabh Anand Kushwaha converted a penalty corner to secure India’s win.

    With this victory, India entered the final and will face Australia.

  • International Day for the Eradication of Poverty – October 17

    The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, observed on October 17, highlights global efforts to end poverty and uphold the rights and dignity of the poor.

    It began on 17 October 1987, when Father Joseph Wresinski led a gathering in Paris to honor victims of poverty. The UN General Assembly later recognized it officially in 1992 through Resolution 47/196.

    The day supports Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1) – End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

    Theme 2025: “Supporting Families, Ending Maltreatment” – focusing on strengthening family support and fighting institutional neglect.

    Events worldwide include awareness campaigns, policy dialogues, and tributes to those affected. Despite progress, 700 million people still live in extreme poverty, reminding the world that poverty is both an economic and human rights issue.

  • National Security Guard (NSG) Raising Day – October 16

    National Security Guard (NSG) Raising Day is observed every year on October 16 to commemorate the formation of India’s elite counterterrorism and special operations force, known as the Black Cats.

    The NSG was established on October 16, 1984, after Operation Blue Star, to combat terrorism and ensure internal security. It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs and is renowned as the “Zero Error Force” for its precision, discipline, and courage.

    The day honors the valor and sacrifices of NSG personnel through ceremonies, parades, and tributes at its main base in Manesar, Haryana.

    Key Operations:

    • Operation Black Tornado (2008) – Mumbai terror attacks
    • Akshardham Temple attack (2002)
    • Pathankot Airbase attack (2016)

  • 61 Senior Naxal Cadres, Including Polit Bureau Member, Surrender in Gadchiroli, Maharashtra

    On October 15, 2025, in Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, 61 senior Naxal cadres, including Polit Bureau Member Mallujola Venugopal Rao alias Bhupati, surrendered before the Gadchiroli Police in the presence of Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis. The surrendered group, with a collective bounty of ₹6 crore, included top ranks such as divisional and area committee members.

    CM Fadnavis called it the biggest Naxal surrender in Maharashtra’s history, symbolizing the success of efforts led by the Prime Minister and Home Minister against Maoist insurgency. He welcomed the cadres into the mainstream by presenting them a copy of the Indian Constitution, assuring jobs and rehabilitation support.

    The CM also stated that North Gadchiroli is now largely Naxal-free and announced a ₹1 crore reward for the Gadchiroli Police for their success in anti-Naxal operations.

  • Defence Ministry signs ₹659 Crore Deal for Advanced Night Sight for SIG716 Assault Rifle

    On October 15, 2025, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed a ₹659.47 crore contract to equip the Indian Army’s SIG716 assault rifles with advanced night sights, greatly enhancing night combat capability.

    The indigenous upgrade, under the Buy (Indian-IDDM) category, was awarded to a consortium of MKU Limited and Medbit Technologies, ensuring over 51% local content. The new sights allow accurate targeting up to 500 metres in starlight, boosting operational readiness in border and counter-insurgency operations.

  • Ahmedabad Recommended to Host 2030 Commonwealth Games

    On October 15, 2025, the Executive Board of Commonwealth Sport recommended Ahmedabad, Gujarat, to host the 2030 Commonwealth Games, with final approval due on November 26, 2025, in Glasgow.

    Backed by the Government of India, Gujarat, and the Commonwealth Games Association of India, the bid highlights Ahmedabad’s world-class infrastructure like the Narendra Modi Stadium. The 2030 Games will mark the centenary of the Commonwealth Games and be India’s second time hosting after 2010.

    The event will boost India’s global sporting image, tourism, and development, reflecting initiatives like Khelo India. India’s bid won over Nigeria, and leaders called it a proud moment for the nation.

  • India and Indonesia Conduct 5th Edition of Naval Exercise ‘Samudra Shakti’ at Visakhapatnam

    The Indian Navy and the Indonesian Navy are conducting the 5th edition of the bilateral maritime exercise “Samudra Shakti” from October 14 to 17 at Visakhapatnam. The exercise aims to strengthen maritime cooperation and interoperability between the two navies.

    INS Kavaratti, an anti-submarine warfare corvette, and KRI John Lie, an Indonesian corvette with a helicopter, are participating. The event includes a harbour phase with professional exchanges, yoga, and sports, and a sea phase involving advanced naval drills like helicopter manoeuvres, air defence, weapon firing, and Visit, Board, Search and Seizure (VBSS) operations to boost tactical coordination and joint operational skills.

  • Google to Build Largest AI and Data Infrastructure Hub Outside the U.S. in Visakhapatnam

    In October 2025, Google announced a $15 billion investment to build its largest AI and data infrastructure hub outside the U.S. in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, in partnership with Adani Group and Bharti Airtel.

    The 1-gigawatt data center campus, powered by renewable energy and supported by subsea cable and fiber networks, will enhance AI, cloud, and digital infrastructure in India.

    Unveiled at the Bharat AI Shakti event in New Delhi, the project is expected to create over 1 lakh jobs, boost AI adoption, and strengthen Indo-U.S. tech collaboration. Andhra Pradesh CM N. Chandrababu Naidu called it a milestone toward making Visakhapatnam an “AI City.”

  • India Post Resumes All International Postal Services to the U.S. from October 15, 2025

    India Post announced that all international postal services to the U.S. will resume from October 15, 2025. The services were suspended since August 2025 due to new U.S. Customs (CBP) rules.

    A new Delivery Duty Paid (DDP) system now allows customs duties to be collected in India before dispatch, ensuring smooth delivery in the U.S. without extra fees. A flat 50% customs duty applies on the declared value.

    Postal rates remain unchanged, benefiting MSMEs, artisans, and small exporters. Services like EMS, Air Parcels, Registered and Tracked Packets to the U.S. can now be booked at Post Offices, IBCs, DNKs, or indiapost.gov.in.

  • India–South Korea Hold First-Ever Naval Bilateral Exercise at Busan

    The first-ever India–South Korea naval bilateral exercise began on 13 October 2025 at Busan Naval Base, marking a significant step in the growing strategic partnership between the Indian Navy (IN) and the Republic of Korea Navy (RoKN). The INS Sahyadri, a Shivalik-class stealth frigate built in India under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision, participated alongside ROKS Gyeongnam.

    The exercise includes harbour and sea phases focusing on interoperability, mutual understanding, and tactical coordination. Activities during the harbour phase include professional exchanges, cross-deck visits, and sports events, while the sea phase features complex joint manoeuvres and operational drills.

  • CDS General Anil Chauhan’s Book “Ready, Relevant and Resurgent II: Shaping a Future Ready Force”

    On 14 October 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh released a book titled “Ready, Relevant and Resurgent II: Shaping a Future Ready Force”, authored by Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan.

    The book provides a comprehensive roadmap for preparing India’s Armed Forces for future challenges. It analyzes the changing nature of warfare, including domains like cyberspace, space-enabled operations, and cognitive warfare. Emphasizing leadership, adaptability, and technological integration, the book outlines strategies to build a resilient and modern military.

  • RPF Recruitment to Be Held Annually by SSC, Announces Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw

    On 13 October 2025, Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that Railway Protection Force (RPF) recruitment will now be conducted annually by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC). Speaking at the 41st Raising Day of the RPF in Valsad, Gujarat, he also unveiled modernization plans, including VHF sets, digital, and drone training for RPF personnel.

    Highlighting Indian Railways’ progress, he stated that 35,000 km of new tracks have been built, 99% electrification achieved, and 7,300 stations are under redevelopment, with 110 completed.

  • Mongolian President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa on a four-day state visit to India (October 13–16, 2025)

    Mongolian President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa is on a four-day state visit to India (October 13–16, 2025) — his first as Head of State — marking the 70th anniversary of India-Mongolia diplomatic ties.

    The visit highlights the growing strategic partnership between the two democracies, focusing on energy, mining, defense, education, and cultural cooperation. High-level talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Droupadi Murmu aim to strengthen bilateral relations through new MoUs and discussions on regional security and connectivity.

    The visit also underscores the “Third Neighbor” policy of Mongolia and India’s engagement with Central Asia, reinforcing shared values of democracy, peace, and development.

  • 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics Awarded for Work on Innovation and Creative Destruction

    Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for explaining how innovation and “creative destruction” drive long-term economic growth.

    Their research shows that new technologies replace old ones, improving living standards but also requiring continuous innovation to avoid stagnation.

    • Mokyr (Northwestern University) studied historical factors behind technological progress.
    • Aghion (Collège de France, INSEAD, LSE) and Howitt (Brown University) built a model showing how innovation fuels growth.

    Aghion urged Europe to balance competition and industrial policy, learning from the U.S. and China.
    The prize, worth 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.2 million), was the final Nobel of 2025.

  • United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) Chiefs’ Conclave in New Delhi (14–16 October 2025)

    The Indian Army will host the United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) Chiefs’ Conclave in New Delhi from 14–16 October 2025, bringing together senior military leaders from 32 nations engaged in UN peacekeeping operations.

    The conclave will provide a platform to discuss operational challenges, interoperability, inclusivity, evolving threats, and the role of technology and training in strengthening global peacekeeping. As one of the largest contributors to UN missions, India aims to promote cooperation, knowledge-sharing, and a shared vision for future UN peacekeeping strategies.

    Participating nations include Australia, Bangladesh, France, Nepal, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and several others from Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America. The conclave reaffirms India’s commitment to global peace, stability, and cooperation.

  • Afghan Foreign Minister Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi’s Visit to India (9–16 October 2025)

    Afghan Foreign Minister Mawlawi Amir Khan Muttaqi visited India from 9 to 16 October 2025, marking the first Taliban ministerial visit to India since 2021. His week-long trip included stops in New Delhi, Deoband, and Agra, symbolizing a blend of diplomatic, religious, and cultural outreach.

    Muttaqi held talks with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and NSA Ajit Doval on regional security, counterterrorism, and humanitarian cooperation. His visit to Darul Uloom Deoband represented a gesture of religious solidarity, while his tour of the Taj Mahal in Agra served as an act of cultural diplomacy.

  • India–Australia joint military exercise AUSTRAHIND in Perth from 13–26 October 2025

    The fourth edition of India–Australia joint military exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025 began in Perth, Australia, on 13 October 2025. The exercise, running till 26 October, involves 120 Indian Army personnel, led by a Battalion of Gorkha Rifles.

    It aims to enhance defence cooperation, improve interoperability, and exchange tactics and techniques for sub-conventional warfare in urban and semi-urban terrain. The focus is on joint company-level operations in open and semi-desert areas, including joint planning, tactical drills, and special arms skills. The exercise will help both armies hone operational capabilities, integrate emerging technologies, and strengthen mutual camaraderie.