January 2026 - GK Now

Current Affairs MCQs : 28 January 2026

28/01/2026

Q. The India–European Union (EU) Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is described as the __________.
भारत–यूरोपीय संघ (EU) मुक्त व्यापार समझौते (FTA) को किस रूप में वर्णित किया गया है?

A) Deal of the decade / दशक का सौदा
B) Turning point in trade / व्यापार में मोड़
C) Global trade booster / वैश्विक व्यापार को बढ़ावा
D) “Mother of all deals” / सभी सौदों की जननी

Show Answer

✅ Answer: D) “Mother of all deals”
📌 On 27 January 2026, India and the European Union officially concluded negotiations on a landmark FTA, described as the “mother of all deals” due to its scale and strategic impact.
📌 27 जनवरी 2026 को भारत और यूरोपीय संघ ने एक ऐतिहासिक FTA पर वार्ता पूरी की, जिसे इसके व्यापक और रणनीतिक महत्व के कारण “Mother of all deals” कहा गया।

Q. What milestone will be achieved during the Budget Session 2026 in relation to the Union Budget?
बजट सत्र 2026 के दौरान केंद्रीय बजट से संबंधित कौन-सा महत्वपूर्ण पड़ाव हासिल होगा?

A) First Budget under GST regime / GST के तहत पहला बजट
B) First Union Budget presented by a President / राष्ट्रपति द्वारा प्रस्तुत पहला बजट
C) Introduction of Digital Rupee in Budget / डिजिटल रुपये की शुरुआत
D) Ninth consecutive Budget presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman
/ वित्त मंत्री निर्मला सीतारमण द्वारा लगातार नौवां बजट

Show Answer

✅ Answer: D) Ninth consecutive Budget presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman
📌 The Budget Session of Parliament 2026 began on 28 January with President Droupadi Murmu’s address to a joint sitting of both Houses.
📌 संसद का बजट सत्र 2026, 28 जनवरी को राष्ट्रपति द्रौपदी मुर्मु के संयुक्त सत्र को संबोधन के साथ प्रारंभ हुआ।

Q. Which of the following is a major change introduced in the UGC’s 2026 Equity Regulations compared to the 2012 guidelines?
UGC के 2012 दिशानिर्देशों की तुलना में 2026 के समानता विनियमों में कौन-सा प्रमुख परिवर्तन किया गया है?

A) They remain advisory in nature
/ वे केवल परामर्शात्मक ही हैं
B) They now include OBC students along with SC/ST students
/ अब SC/ST के साथ OBC छात्रों को भी शामिल किया गया है
C) Institutions are free to voluntarily adopt them
/ संस्थानों पर इन्हें अपनाना वैकल्पिक है
D) They only apply to central universities
/ ये केवल केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालयों पर लागू हैं

Show Answer

✅ Answer: B) They now include OBC students along with SC/ST students
📌 Explanation: The 2026 regulations expand protection to OBC students, correcting earlier gaps and making the framework more inclusive and legally binding.
📌 व्याख्या: 2026 के विनियमों में OBC छात्रों को भी शामिल किया गया है, जिससे व्यवस्था अधिक समावेशी और कानूनी रूप से बाध्यकारी बन गई है।

New UGC Guidelines on Caste-Based Discrimination in Higher Education

28/01/2026

The University Grants Commission (UGC) has issued new legally binding guidelines in January 2026 to curb caste-based discrimination in higher education institutions. These rules, called the Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions Regulations, 2026, replace the earlier 2012 advisory framework and mandate strict compliance by all UGC-recognised universities and colleges.

📌 Key Features of the New UGC Guidelines

Legal Framework: Unlike the 2012 guidelines, the 2026 regulations are mandatory and enforceable, with penalties for non-compliance.
Expanded Definition of Discrimination: Explicitly covers SC, ST, and OBC students, correcting earlier gaps that excluded OBCs.
Equal Opportunity Centres (EOCs): Every institution must establish an EOC to handle complaints, promote inclusivity, and monitor compliance.
Accountability: Vice-chancellors, principals, and heads of institutions are directly responsible for ensuring equity and preventing discrimination.
Grievance Redressal: Institutions must set up dedicated grievance mechanisms for caste-based complaints, covering admissions, hostels, classrooms, and faculty interactions.
Penalties: Non-compliance can lead to financial sanctions, withdrawal of recognition, or other disciplinary action against institutions.

🏛 Impact on Campuses

Students: Greater protection for marginalized groups, ensuring dignity and equal opportunity in academics, hostels, and extracurricular activities.
Faculty & Staff: Required to undergo sensitization programs to prevent discriminatory practices.
Institutions: Must adopt proactive measures like awareness campaigns, reporting systems, and periodic audits of inclusivity.

📊 Comparison: Old vs New Guidelines

Aspect	2012 Guidelines	2026 Guidelines
Nature	Advisory only	Legally binding
Coverage	SC/ST students	SC, ST, OBC students
Compliance	Voluntary	Mandatory with penalties
Grievance System	General redress	Dedicated caste-based complaint mechanisms
Institutional Role	Encouraged equity	Equal Opportunity Centres compulsory

Budget Session of Parliament 2026 from January 28

28/01/2026

The Budget Session of Parliament 2026 began on January 28 with President Droupadi Murmu’s address to a joint sitting of both Houses. The session will run in two phases until April 2, featuring the Economic Survey on January 29 and Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s ninth consecutive Union Budget on February 1, setting a new parliamentary record.

Structured into Phase 1 (Jan 28–Feb 13), Recess (Feb 14–Mar 8), and Phase 2 (Mar 9–Apr 2), the session includes 30 sittings over 65 days. Key events include the President’s Address outlining priorities for Viksit Bharat, the Economic Survey reviewing performance for FY 2025–26, and the Union Budget for FY 2026–27.

India–EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) 2026: Key Highlights & Strategic Impact

28/01/2026

On 27 Jan 2026, India and the European Union (EU) officially concluded negotiations on a landmark Free Trade Agreement (FTA), described as the “mother of all deals.” The pact is expected to become operational by end of 2026, significantly reshaping global trade dynamics by eliminating tariffs, boosting exports, and strengthening strategic ties between two major economies.

The FTA covers markets representing ~2 billion people and ~25% of global GDP. It includes major tariff reductions, such as removal of duties on aircraft, and cuts on alcohol, food products, chemicals, and over 90% of EU goods. The deal ensures market access for 99% of India’s exports and includes €500 million in climate support funding.

Strategically, it promises an economic boost, with expectations of doubling EU exports to India by 2032, while enhancing India’s competitiveness in textiles, IT services, and pharmaceuticals. It also contributes to geopolitical balance amid uncertainties with the US and China, and expands cooperation in defence, security, and mobility.

However, challenges include a lengthy ratification process, domestic adjustments for Indian sectors like agriculture and small-scale manufacturing, and the need for regulatory alignment with EU standards on data protection, sustainability, and product quality.

In conclusion, the India–EU FTA marks a historic milestone, paving the way for economic growth, innovation, and stronger geopolitical alignment, despite implementation and adaptation challenges.

Current Affairs MCQs : 27 January 2026

27/01/2026

Q. Who received the Ashoka Chakra during the 77th Republic Day 2026 celebration?
77वें गणतंत्र दिवस 2026 के अवसर पर अशोक चक्र किसे प्रदान किया गया?

A. Captain Vikram Batra
B. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla
C. Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma
D. Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: B. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla

Explanation (English):
Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla was awarded the Ashoka Chakra for his historic role in Axiom Mission-4 (Ax-4), making him the first Indian astronaut to receive India’s highest peacetime gallantry award.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
ग्रुप कैप्टन शुभांशु शुक्ला को एक्सिओम मिशन-4 (Ax-4) में उनकी ऐतिहासिक भूमिका के लिए अशोक चक्र से सम्मानित किया गया। वह यह सम्मान पाने वाले पहले भारतीय अंतरिक्ष यात्री बने।

🏏 Q. Which country has been announced as Bangladesh’s replacement for the T20 World Cup 2026?
टी20 विश्व कप 2026 में बांग्लादेश के स्थान पर किस देश को शामिल किया गया है?

A. Ireland
B. Nepal
C. Scotland
D. Netherlands

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: C. Scotland

Explanation (English):
The ICC confirmed that Scotland will replace Bangladesh in Group C of the T20 World Cup 2026, to be held in India and Sri Lanka.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
आईसीसी ने पुष्टि की है कि स्कॉटलैंड को टी20 विश्व कप 2026 के ग्रुप-C में बांग्लादेश के स्थान पर शामिल किया गया है। यह टूर्नामेंट भारत और श्रीलंका में होगा।

🎖️ Q. Which veteran Bollywood actor received the Padma Vibhushan posthumously in 2026?
2026 में मरणोपरांत पद्म विभूषण से किस दिग्गज बॉलीवुड अभिनेता को सम्मानित किया गया?

a. Rajesh Khanna
b. Dharmendra Singh Deol
c. Amitabh Bachchan
d. Jeetendra

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: b) Dharmendra Singh Deol

Explanation (English):
Veteran actor Dharmendra Singh Deol was awarded the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) as part of the Padma Awards 2026.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
दिग्गज अभिनेता धर्मेन्द्र सिंह देओल को पद्म पुरस्कार 2026 के तहत मरणोपरांत पद्म विभूषण से सम्मानित किया गया।

Padma Awards 2026: 131 Recipients Announced Including Top National Figures

27/01/2026

The Government of India has announced the Padma Awards 2026, honouring 131 individuals across diverse fields. This year’s highlights include posthumous Padma Vibhushan awards for veteran actor Dharmendra Singh Deol and former Kerala Chief Minister V.S. Achuthanandan, while cricketer Rohit Sharma and actor R. Madhavan feature among Padma Shri recipients.

🏅 Padma Awards 2026 – Key Highlights

Total Awards: 131
Padma Vibhushan: 5
Padma Bhushan: 13
Padma Shri: 113
Posthumous Awards: 16
Women Awardees: 19
Foreigners/NRIs/PIOs/OCIs: 6

✨ Notable Recipients

Padma Vibhushan (Exceptional & Distinguished Service)

Dharmendra Singh Deol (Art – Cinema) – Posthumous
V.S. Achuthanandan (Public Affairs) – Posthumous
Other eminent personalities honoured for contributions in public affairs and arts.
Padma Bhushan (Distinguished Service of High Order)
Shibu Soren (Public Affairs) – Posthumous
Recognitions across medicine, literature, and social work.
Padma Shri (Distinguished Service in Any Field)
Rohit Sharma (Sports – Cricket)
R. Madhavan (Art – Cinema)
Mammootty (Art – Malayalam Cinema)
Several awardees from science, engineering, medicine, social service, and civil service.

📊 Distribution by Fields

Arts & Cinema: Dharmendra, Mammootty, R. Madhavan
Sports: Rohit Sharma
Public Affairs: V.S. Achuthanandan, Shibu Soren
Medicine & Science: Multiple distinguished doctors and scientists
Social Work & Civil Service: Numerous grassroots leaders and administrators

Significance of Padma Awards

Among India’s highest civilian honours, conferred annually on the eve of Republic Day.
Recognize exceptional service in fields such as art, literature, science, medicine, public affairs, social work, and sports.
Symbolize India’s commitment to celebrating excellence and contributions that shape society.

Scotland Replaces Bangladesh in Group C for ICC T20 World Cup 2026

27/01/2026

The International Cricket Council (ICC) has confirmed that Scotland will replace Bangladesh in Group C of the upcoming T20 World Cup, which will take place in India and Sri Lanka beginning February 7. ICC Chief Executive Sanjog Gupta notified member boards through an official letter, explaining that Bangladesh’s request to shift its scheduled matches out of India violated ICC policies. With no acceptable alternative, Scotland was invited to participate, and a formal communication was also sent to Cricket Scotland.

The ICC had previously given Bangladesh time to reconsider its stance, emphasizing the need to uphold the integrity of the World Cup. With the change finalized, Scotland will now face West Indies on February 7, Italy on February 9, and England on February 14 in Kolkata, before heading to Mumbai to play Nepal on February 17.

India Celebrates 77th Republic Day 2026 at Kartavya Path

27/01/2026

India celebrated its 77th Republic Day with a grand parade at Kartavya Path in New Delhi on January 26, 2026, highlighting the nation’s cultural diversity, economic progress, and military strength. President Droupadi Murmu led the celebrations, after Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid homage at the National War Memorial. The President arrived with the chief guests — European Council President Antonio Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen — and unfurled the national flag, followed by the National Anthem and a 21-gun salute.

This year’s celebration focused on the themes ‘Swatantrata ka Mantra: Vande Mataram’ and ‘Samriddhi ka Mantra: Aatmanirbhar Bharat’. Thirty tableaux from states, union territories, and central ministries showcased India’s cultural richness, the legacy of Vande Mataram, and the nation’s progress in self-reliance. The military display featured major platforms including BrahMos, Akash systems, the Suryastra rocket launcher, and Main Battle Tank Arjun, along with a tri-services tableau depicting Operation Sindoor.

President Murmu awarded Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force with the Ashoka Chakra, the highest peacetime gallantry award. The celebrations concluded with a flypast of 29 aircraft including Rafale, Su-30, C-295, Mig-29 and Apache helicopters. Over 2,500 artists performed, and the event was attended by special invitees from diverse fields.

Current Affairs MCQs : 24 January 2026

24/01/2026

Q. In January 2025, Indian Railways deployed its first humanoid robot ASC ARJUN at which railway station?
जनवरी 2025 में भारतीय रेलवे ने अपना पहला ह्यूमनॉइड रोबोट ASC ARJUN किस रेलवे स्टेशन पर तैनात किया?

A. New Delhi / नई दिल्ली
B. Chennai Central / चेन्नई सेंट्रल
C. Visakhapatnam / विशाखापत्तनम
D. Secunderabad / सिकंदराबाद

Show Answer

✅ Correct Answer: C. Visakhapatnam / विशाखापत्तनम

Explanation (English):
Indian Railways has deployed its first humanoid robot ASC ARJUN at Visakhapatnam Railway Station to enhance passenger safety, security, and service delivery. The robot works alongside Railway Protection Force (RPF) personnel.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
भारतीय रेलवे ने यात्रियों की सुरक्षा, संरक्षा और सेवा गुणवत्ता को बेहतर बनाने के लिए विशाखापत्तनम रेलवे स्टेशन पर अपना पहला ह्यूमनॉइड रोबोट ASC ARJUN तैनात किया है। यह रोबोट रेलवे सुरक्षा बल (RPF) के साथ मिलकर कार्य करेगा।

Q. The Rozgar Mela initiative of the Government of India is primarily aimed at:
भारत सरकार की ‘रोज़गार मेला’ पहल का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

A. Providing skill training and internships to unemployed youth
बेरोज़गार युवाओं को कौशल प्रशिक्षण और इंटर्नशिप प्रदान करना

B. Fast-tracking recruitment and distributing appointment letters for government jobs
सरकारी नौकरियों के लिए भर्ती प्रक्रिया को तेज़ करना और नियुक्ति पत्र वितरित करना

C. Encouraging private sector participation in employment generation
रोज़गार सृजन में निजी क्षेत्र की भागीदारी को बढ़ावा देना

D. Offering financial assistance for self-employment schemes
स्वरोज़गार योजनाओं के लिए वित्तीय सहायता प्रदान करना

Show Answer

✅ Correct Answer: B

Explanation (English):
The Rozgar Mela initiative aims to accelerate government recruitment by directly distributing appointment letters to newly selected candidates across various ministries and departments.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
रोज़गार मेला पहल का उद्देश्य विभिन्न मंत्रालयों और विभागों में चयनित उम्मीदवारों को सीधे नियुक्ति पत्र वितरित कर सरकारी भर्ती प्रक्रिया को तेज़ करना है।

18th Rozgar Mela 2026: PM Modi Distributes Over 61,000 Appointment Letters

24/01/2026

The 18th edition of the Rozgar Mela was held on 24 January 2026, during which Prime Minister Narendra Modi distributed over 61,000 appointment letters to newly recruited youth across various central government departments and organizations. The event was organized simultaneously at 45 locations across India, highlighting its nationwide scale and inclusive approach.

Addressing the appointees, the Prime Minister reiterated the government’s strong commitment to employment generation, emphasizing that job creation is central to national development and youth empowerment. The Rozgar Mela is a flagship initiative aimed at fast-tracking government recruitment and providing stable employment opportunities to young citizens.

Since its inception, Rozgar Melas have resulted in the issuance of more than 11 lakh appointment letters, reflecting their significant impact on public sector employment. Beyond recruitment, the initiative contributes to economic stability, institutional strengthening, and social equity by ensuring wider access to government jobs across regions.

ASC ARJUN: First Humanoid Robot Deployed by Indian Railways at Visakhapatnam

24/01/2026

Indian Railways has deployed its first humanoid robot, ASC ARJUN, at Visakhapatnam Railway Station to strengthen passenger safety, security, and service delivery. The robot will function alongside Railway Protection Force (RPF) personnel, especially during periods of heavy passenger movement, reflecting Indian Railways’ commitment to adopting emerging technologies for improved operational efficiency and public convenience.

The robot was unveiled by Inspector General (RPF) Alok Bohra and Divisional Railway Manager Lalit Bohra, in the presence of senior RPF officials. Developed entirely in Visakhapatnam using indigenous technology, ASC ARJUN is the outcome of over a year of work by a dedicated technical team, highlighting Indian Railways’ growing capability to integrate advanced systems into routine operations.

ASC ARJUN is equipped with a Face Recognition System (FRS) for intrusion detection, AI-based crowd monitoring, and real-time alert generation for RPF control rooms. It can make automated public announcements in English, Hindi, and Telugu, enhancing passenger assistance and safety awareness.

With semi-autonomous navigation and obstacle-avoidance, the robot can patrol platforms round the clock, supporting surveillance and optimizing manpower deployment. Additional features include fire and smoke detection systems for emergency response, as well as interactive functions such as greeting passengers with a Namaste, saluting RPF personnel, and providing information through a user interface.

The Ministry of Railways stated that ASC ARJUN’s deployment is part of a broader strategy to leverage technology-driven and indigenously developed innovations to create a safer, more secure, and passenger-friendly railway environment.

Current Affairs MCQs : 23 January 2026

23/01/2026

Q. Parakram Diwas is celebrated to honor which Indian freedom fighter?
पराक्रम दिवस किस भारतीय स्वतंत्रता सेनानी के सम्मान में मनाया जाता है?

A. Bhagat Singh / भगत सिंह
B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel / सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल
C. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose / नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस
D. Mahatma Gandhi / महात्मा गांधी

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Parakram Diwas is celebrated every year on 23 January to honour Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s courage, leadership, and contribution to India’s freedom struggle.
पराक्रम दिवस हर वर्ष 23 जनवरी को नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस के साहस, नेतृत्व और भारत के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में उनके योगदान के सम्मान में मनाया जाता है।

Q. Basant Panchami, which marks the arrival of spring, is primarily dedicated to which goddess?
वसंत पंचमी, जो वसंत ऋतु के आगमन का प्रतीक है, मुख्य रूप से किस देवी को समर्पित है?

A. Goddess Lakshmi / देवी लक्ष्मी
B. Goddess Durga / देवी दुर्गा
C. Goddess Saraswati / देवी सरस्वती
D. Goddess Parvati / देवी पार्वती

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) Goddess Saraswati
Basant Panchami, also known as Saraswati Puja, is celebrated across India to worship Goddess Saraswati—the goddess of knowledge, wisdom, and arts. In 2026, it was observed on 23 January.
वसंत पंचमी, जिसे सरस्वती पूजा भी कहा जाता है, पूरे भारत में विद्या, बुद्धि और कला की देवी माँ सरस्वती की उपासना के लिए मनाई जाती है। वर्ष 2026 में यह पर्व 23 जनवरी को मनाया गया।

Q. The first phase of the Census beginning April 1, 2026 focuses on which aspect?
1 अप्रैल 2026 से शुरू होने वाली जनगणना का पहला चरण किस पर केंद्रित है?

A. Population enumeration / जनसंख्या गणना
B. Houselisting and housing enumeration / गृह सूचीकरण एवं आवास गणना
C. Employment survey / रोजगार सर्वेक्षण
D. Agricultural census / कृषि जनगणना

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: B) Houselisting and housing enumeration
The Government of India has notified 33 questions for the first phase of Census 2026. This phase will collect data on households, housing conditions, and basic amenities.
भारत सरकार ने जनगणना 2026 के पहले चरण के लिए 33 प्रश्न अधिसूचित किए हैं। यह चरण घरों, आवासीय सुविधाओं और जीवन स्तर से संबंधित जानकारी एकत्र करेगा।

Government Notifies Questions for First Phase of Census Starting April 1

23/01/2026

The Government of India has officially notified 33 questions to be asked during the first phase of the upcoming Census, beginning April 1, 2026. This phase, known as houselisting and housing enumeration, will collect detailed information about households, amenities, and living conditions.

🏠 First Phase of Census: Houselisting and Housing Enumeration

The Census is conducted in two phases, and the first phase focuses on housing-related data. Enumerators will visit households to record details that help the government plan infrastructure, welfare schemes, and resource allocation.

Key Areas Covered in the 33 Questions

Housing Conditions: Type of flooring, roofing, and materials used in construction.
Ownership Status: Whether the house is owned, rented, or otherwise occupied.
Household Composition: Number of members, number of married couples, and sex of the household head.
Basic Amenities: Availability of drinking water, electricity, bathing facilities, and sanitation.
Modern Facilities: Access to internet, type of mobile phones used, and digital connectivity.
Food Consumption: Main cereal consumed by the household.
Assets: Vehicles owned and other household assets.

Basant Panchami and Saraswati Puja (23 Jan 2026)

23/01/2026

Basant Panchami, also known as Saraswati Puja, is a vibrant festival was celebrated across India to mark the arrival of spring and to worship Goddess Saraswati, the deity of wisdom, learning, and arts on 23 January 2026. It usually falls in the month of Magha (January–February) according to the Hindu calendar.

🌸 Significance of Basant Panchami

Seasonal Importance: Basant Panchami heralds the onset of spring (Basant means spring), symbolizing renewal, prosperity, and joy.
Spiritual Importance: The day is dedicated to Goddess Saraswati, who embodies knowledge, music, art, and culture.
Cultural Importance: It is considered an auspicious day to begin new ventures, educational pursuits, or artistic endeavors.

🙏 Saraswati Puja Traditions

Worship of Goddess Saraswati: Devotees place books, musical instruments, and tools of learning near the idol or image of the goddess, seeking blessings for wisdom and creativity.
Yellow Color: Yellow is the dominant color of the festival, symbolizing energy, prosperity, and optimism. People wear yellow clothes, prepare yellow dishes like khichdi and sweet saffron rice.
Educational Institutions: Schools and colleges organize Saraswati Puja, encouraging students to participate in prayers and cultural programs.
Offerings: Flowers, fruits, and sweets are offered to the goddess, and devotees refrain from touching books or pens until the puja is completed, as a mark of respect.

Parakram Diwas: Honoring Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

23/01/2026

Parakram Diwas is celebrated every year on 23rd January to honor Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s unmatched courage, leadership, and contribution to India’s freedom struggle. Instituted by the Government of India in 2021, the day is observed as a tribute to his indomitable spirit and patriotism.

🌟 Meaning and Significance

Parakram Diwas (Day of Valour) commemorates the birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, one of India’s most revered freedom fighters.
The word Parakram translates to valor or courage, symbolizing Bose’s fearless pursuit of independence.
It is not just a remembrance but a national call to inspire citizens, especially the youth, to emulate his bravery and dedication.

📜 Historical Context

Netaji was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha.
He founded the Indian National Army (INA), also known as Azad Hind Fauj, and established the Azad Hind Government in exile.
His leadership challenged colonial rule and gave Indians a sense of empowerment and unity against British domination.

Current Affairs MCQs : 22 January 2026

22/01/2026

Q. In January 2026, the Union Government has extended the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) up to which financial year?
January 2026 में केंद्र सरकार ने अटल पेंशन योजना (APY) को किस वित्तीय वर्ष तक बढ़ाया है?

A) 2027–28
B) 2028–29
C) 2029–30
D) 2030–31

Show Answer

Correct Answer / सही उत्तर: D) 2030–31

Explanation (English):
On 21 January 2026, the Union Government approved the continuation of the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) till 2030–31. The decision also included equity support of ₹5,000 crore to SIDBI to boost MSMEs.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
21 जनवरी 2026 को केंद्र सरकार ने अटल पेंशन योजना (APY) को 2030–31 तक जारी रखने की मंजूरी दी। इसके साथ ही SIDBI को ₹5,000 करोड़ की इक्विटी सहायता देने का निर्णय भी लिया गया।

Q. What was the former name of Amrit Udyan located at Rashtrapati Bhavan?
राष्ट्रपति भवन स्थित अमृत उद्यान का पूर्व नाम क्या था?

A) Raj Bhavan Garden
B) Central Vista Garden
C) Mughal Gardens
D) President’s Green Estate

Show Answer

Correct Answer / सही उत्तर: C) Mughal Gardens

Explanation (English):
Amrit Udyan, earlier known as Mughal Gardens, is located at Rashtrapati Bhavan. It will be open to the public from 3 February to 31 March 2026 during the annual Udyan Utsav.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
अमृत उद्यान, जिसे पहले मुगल गार्डन कहा जाता था, राष्ट्रपति भवन में स्थित है। यह उद्यान उत्सव के तहत 3 फरवरी से 31 मार्च 2026 तक आम जनता के लिए खुला रहेगा।

Amrit Udyan to Open for Public from 3 Feb to 31 March 2026

22/01/2026

The Amrit Udyan at Rashtrapati Bhavan will open to the public from 3 February to 31 March 2026 as part of the annual Udyan Utsav. Visitors can enter six days a week between 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. (last entry at 5:15 p.m.). The garden will remain closed on Mondays for maintenance and on 4 March for Holi. Entry is free, with online booking available via the official portal or through kiosks at Gate 35, and shuttle services will operate from Central Secretariat Metro Station.

Spread over 15 acres, Amrit Udyan is known for its tulips, roses, and seasonal flowers, including 100+ varieties of roses and tulips. New attractions for 2026 include Babbling Brook and Bal Vatika. Formerly called Mughal Gardens, the site showcases India’s horticultural heritage, attracting nature lovers, families, and photographers.

Atal Pension Yojana Extended till 2030-31 & Equity Support to SIDBI

22/01/2026

The Union Government on 21 January 2026 approved the continuation of the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) till 2030–31 and equity support of ₹5,000 crore to the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).

Atal Pension Yojana (APY) – Extension

Approved till: 2030–31
Objective: Old-age income security for workers in the unorganised sector
Launched: May 2015
Benefits: Guaranteed pension of ₹1,000 – ₹5,000 per month after 60 years, depending on contribution
Subscribers enrolled: 8.66 crore+
Significance: Major component of India’s inclusive social security framework

Equity Support to SIDBI

Body involved: Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
Total equity support approved: ₹5,000 crore
Purpose: To expand financial support to MSMEs
Expected beneficiaries: 25.74 lakh new MSME units
Growth projection:
- MSMEs receiving financial assistance to rise from 76 lakh (FY 2025)
- To 1 crore+ (FY 2028)

Current Affairs MCQs : 21 January 2026

21/01/2026

Q. The Sixth Edition of the Khelo India Winter Games 2026 was inaugurated in January 2026 at which venue?
प्रश्न . खेलो इंडिया विंटर गेम्स 2026 के छठे संस्करण का उद्घाटन जनवरी 2026 में किस स्थान पर किया गया?

a) Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Itanagar
b) NDS Stadium, Leh
c) Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, Pune
d) Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: b) NDS Stadium, Leh

Explanation (EN):
The Sixth Edition of the Khelo India Winter Games 2026 began on 20 January 2026 at NDS Stadium, Leh. The event was inaugurated by the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, Kavinder Gupta.

व्याख्या (HI):
खेलो इंडिया विंटर गेम्स 2026 का छठा संस्करण 20 जनवरी 2026 को एनडीएस स्टेडियम, लेह में शुरू हुआ। इसका उद्घाटन लद्दाख के उपराज्यपाल काविंदर गुप्ता ने किया।

Q. Who authored the book “Chalice of Ambrosia: Ram Janmabhoomi – Challenge and Response” released on 20 January 2026?

प्रश्न . 20 जनवरी 2026 को जारी पुस्तक “अमृत का प्याला: राम जन्मभूमि – चुनौती और प्रतिक्रिया” के लेखक कौन हैं?

a) Nripendra Mishra
b) Surendra Kumar Pachauri
c) Vinod Rai
d) Amit Khare

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: b) Surendra Kumar Pachauri

Explanation (EN):
On 20 January 2026, Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan released the book in New Delhi. The book is authored by Surendra Kumar Pachauri, a former Secretary to the Government of India.

व्याख्या (HI):
20 जनवरी 2026 को नई दिल्ली में उपराष्ट्रपति सी. पी. राधाकृष्णन ने इस पुस्तक का विमोचन किया। इसके लेखक सुरेंद्र कुमार पचौरी हैं, जो भारत सरकार के पूर्व सचिव रह चुके हैं।

Book “Chalice of Ambrosia: Ram Janmabhoomi – Challenge and Response” released by Vice President

21/01/2026

On 20 January 2026, Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan released the book “Chalice of Ambrosia: Ram Janmabhoomi – Challenge and Response” in New Delhi. Authored by Surendra Kumar Pachauri, a former Secretary to the Government of India, the book examines the historical, cultural and legal dimensions of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement and presents the construction of the Ayodhya Ram Mandir as a defining civilisational moment for India.

The book highlights themes such as the civilisational significance of Lord Ram, the convergence of faith, history, law and democracy, and the role of the 2019 Supreme Court verdict in fulfilling the aspirations of millions. The Vice President, while addressing the event, underscored that Lord Ram is the soul of the nation and noted the unparalleled importance of a temple at His birthplace.

The release of the book serves as a scholarly documentation of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, offering insights into legal battles, cultural debates and democratic processes. It stands as a symbolic milestone in recording one of India’s most significant cultural and historical developments.

Khelo India Winter Games 2026 Inaugurated in Leh, Ladakh

21/01/2026

The Sixth Edition of the Khelo India Winter Games 2026 began on 20 January 2026 at NDS Stadium, Leh, inaugurated by the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, Kavinder Gupta. The event marks another milestone in Ladakh’s rise as a premier winter sports hub.

A total of 21 States and Union Territories are participating, with 1,000 participants, including 472 athletes, competing in ice sports such as ice hockey and skating. The games are being held across three venues in Leh: NDS Stadium, Ladakh Scouts Regimental Centre, and Gupuk Pond.

The opening ceremony showcased Ladakh’s cultural heritage, with performances by local artists. Union Sports Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya congratulated Ladakh for successfully hosting the event, which also saw the presence of senior civil and police officials.

For the first time, Figure Skating, an Olympic sport, has been introduced at the Winter Games.

Current Affairs MCQs : 20 January 2026

20/01/2026

Q. In which Swiss town is the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting traditionally held?

विश्व आर्थिक मंच (WEF) की वार्षिक बैठक पारंपरिक रूप से स्विट्ज़रलैंड के किस शहर में आयोजित होती है?

A) Geneva / जिनेवा
B) Zurich / ज़्यूरिख
C) Davos / दावोस
D) Basel / बासेल

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) Davos / दावोस

Explanation (EN):
The World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland is a global gathering where leaders from politics, business, academia, and civil society meet annually to discuss pressing global challenges and shape future solutions.
Dates: January 19–23, 2026.

व्याख्या (HI):
स्विट्ज़रलैंड के दावोस में आयोजित विश्व आर्थिक मंच (WEF) एक वैश्विक सम्मेलन है, जहाँ राजनीति, व्यापार, शिक्षा जगत और नागरिक समाज के नेता हर वर्ष एकत्र होकर प्रमुख वैश्विक चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करते हैं और भविष्य के समाधान तय करते हैं।
तिथियाँ: 19–23 जनवरी, 2026।

Q. Who is the youngest leader elected as the National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)?

भारतीय जनता पार्टी (BJP) के राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष के रूप में चुने गए सबसे युवा नेता कौन हैं?

A) J.P. Nadda / जे.पी. नड्डा
B) Amit Shah / अमित शाह
C) Nitin Nabin / नितिन नवीन
D) Rajnath Singh / राजनाथ सिंह

Show Answer

✅ Correct Answer / सही उत्तर: C) Nitin Nabin / नितिन नवीन

Explanation (EN):
Nitin Nabin has been elected unopposed as the new National President of the BJP, formally taking charge on January 20, 2026. At 45 years old, he is the youngest person ever to lead the BJP.

व्याख्या (HI):
नितिन नवीन को भारतीय जनता पार्टी का नया राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष निर्विरोध चुना गया है और उन्होंने 20 जनवरी, 2026 को औपचारिक रूप से पदभार संभाला। 45 वर्ष की आयु में वे BJP का नेतृत्व करने वाले अब तक के सबसे युवा नेता हैं।

Q. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan visited India on 19 January 2026 in what capacity?

शेख मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान ने 19 जनवरी 2026 को भारत की यात्रा किस हैसियत से की?

a) Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi / अबू धाबी के क्राउन प्रिंस
b) President of the United Arab Emirates / संयुक्त अरब अमीरात के राष्ट्रपति
c) UAE Foreign Minister / यूएई के विदेश मंत्री
d) UAE Defence Minister / यूएई के रक्षा मंत्री

Show Answer

✅ Answer / उत्तर: b) President of the United Arab Emirates / संयुक्त अरब अमीरात के राष्ट्रपति

Explanation (EN):
President of the UAE, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, visited India on January 19, 2026, at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

व्याख्या (HI):
संयुक्त अरब अमीरात के राष्ट्रपति शेख मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान ने प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी के निमंत्रण पर 19 जनवरी, 2026 को भारत की यात्रा की।

UAE President Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed’s Official Visit to India (19 January 2026)

20/01/2026

President of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, visited India on January 19, 2026, at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The visit marked his third official trip as UAE President and reinforced the growing depth of the India-UAE Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

🌍 Context of the Visit

Date: January 19, 2026
Occasion: Official state visit at the invitation of PM Narendra Modi.
Significance: Fifth visit to India in the last decade, reflecting strong bilateral ties.
Backdrop: The visit came amid global geopolitical uncertainty, including tensions in West Asia and shifting global alliances.

🤝 Key Outcomes

Agreements Signed:
Nuclear Energy Cooperation: Strengthening collaboration in peaceful nuclear technologies.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Joint initiatives to advance AI research and applications.
Counter-Terrorism: Enhanced cooperation to combat extremism and terrorism.
Satellite Manufacturing: Partnership to develop advanced space and defence capabilities.
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Both leaders reaffirmed the steady growth of this framework over the past decade.

Nitin Nabin Becomes Youngest National President of BJP in Unopposed Election

20/01/2026

Nitin Nabin has been elected unopposed as the new National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), formally taking charge on January 20, 2026.

Youngest Leader: At 45 years old, he becomes the youngest person ever to lead the BJP.

Wide Support: His nomination was backed by senior BJP leaders including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Amit Shah, Rajnath Singh and the outgoing president J.P. Nadda, reflecting strong internal consensus.

Political Background: Nitin Nabin is a five-term MLA from Bihar and has served as minister in the Bihar government before rising through the BJP organisational ranks.

Strategic Shift: His appointment is widely seen as a generational shift and a strategic move to energise the party ahead of future elections.

World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos : January 19–23, 2026

20/01/2026

The World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland is a global gathering where leaders from politics, business, academia, and civil society meet annually to discuss pressing global challenges and shape future solutions.

🌍 Overview

Location: Davos, Switzerland, in the Swiss Alps.
Event: Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum.
Participants: Around 2,500–3,000 leaders from over 130 countries.
Theme (2026): “A Spirit of Dialogue” – emphasizing collaboration, trust, and innovation.
Dates: January 19–23, 2026.

🎯 Purpose

Global Cooperation: Provides a neutral platform for dialogue on geopolitics, trade, technology, and sustainability.
Problem-Solving: Tackles issues like climate change, economic inequality, technological disruption, and global security.
Networking: Encourages partnerships between governments, businesses, and NGOs.
Agenda Setting: Influences international policy directions and corporate strategies.

👥 Key Attendees

Political Leaders: Presidents, prime ministers, and ministers from major economies.
Business Executives: CEOs of multinational corporations.
Civil Society: NGOs, academics, and cultural leaders.
Notable 2026 Speakers: French President Emmanuel Macron, EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, and Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng.

Current Affairs MCQs : 19 January 2026

19/01/2026

Q. Under which Act was the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) constituted in 2006?
राष्ट्रीय आपदा मोचन बल (NDRF) का गठन वर्ष 2006 में किस अधिनियम के तहत किया गया था?

A) Civil Defence Act / नागरिक सुरक्षा अधिनियम
B) Disaster Management Act / आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम
C) Indian Penal Code / भारतीय दंड संहिता
D) Environmental Protection Act / पर्यावरण संरक्षण अधिनियम

Show Answer

✅ Answer: B) Disaster Management Act / आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम

Explanation (English):
The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) was constituted in 2006 under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. NDRF Raising Day is celebrated every year on 19 January.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
राष्ट्रीय आपदा मोचन बल (NDRF) का गठन वर्ष 2006 में आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम, 2005 के अंतर्गत किया गया था। NDRF स्थापना दिवस हर वर्ष 19 जनवरी को मनाया जाता है।

Q. What is the primary purpose of the “Board of Peace” in Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan announced in January 2026?
जनवरी 2026 में घोषित ट्रंप के गाज़ा शांति योजना में “बोर्ड ऑफ पीस” का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

A) To oversee military operations in Gaza
गाज़ा में सैन्य अभियानों की निगरानी
B) To supervise technocratic governance and reconstruction
तकनीकी शासन और पुनर्निर्माण की निगरानी
C) To expand trade relations with Gaza
गाज़ा के साथ व्यापार संबंधों का विस्तार
D) To establish a new political party
एक नई राजनीतिक पार्टी की स्थापना

Show Answer

✅ Answer: B) To supervise technocratic governance and reconstruction
(तकनीकी शासन और पुनर्निर्माण की निगरानी)

Explanation (English):
The “Board of Peace” is part of Phase Two of Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan, focusing on demilitarisation, technocratic governance, and reconstruction.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
“बोर्ड ऑफ पीस” ट्रंप की गाज़ा शांति योजना के दूसरे चरण का हिस्सा है, जिसका उद्देश्य निरस्त्रीकरण, तकनीकी शासन और पुनर्निर्माण पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना है।

Q. India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train flagged off on 17 January 2026 operates between which two stations?
17 जनवरी 2026 को शुरू की गई भारत की पहली वंदे भारत स्लीपर ट्रेन किन दो स्टेशनों के बीच चलती है?

a) Mumbai – Ahmedabad / मुंबई – अहमदाबाद
b) Howrah – Guwahati (Kamakhya) / हावड़ा – गुवाहाटी (कामाख्या)
c) Delhi – Varanasi / दिल्ली – वाराणसी
d) Chennai – Bengaluru / चेन्नई – बेंगलुरु

Show Answer

✅ Answer: b) Howrah – Guwahati (Kamakhya)

Explanation (English):
Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train on 17 January 2026, connecting Howrah with Guwahati (Kamakhya).

व्याख्या (Hindi):
प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 17 जनवरी 2026 को भारत की पहली वंदे भारत स्लीपर ट्रेन को हावड़ा से गुवाहाटी (कामाख्या) के बीच रवाना किया।

India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train between Howrah & Guwahati

19/01/2026

On 17 January, Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train between Howrah and Guwahati (Kamakhya) from Malda Town railway station, and also virtually launched the Guwahati–Howrah service.

The fully air-conditioned sleeper version of Vande Bharat aims to provide airline-like comfort at economical fares, making long-distance travel faster, safer and more convenient for passengers such as students, professionals, migrant workers, traders, and pilgrims.

The semi-high-speed train can run up to 180 km/h and has 16 modern coaches with a capacity of 823 passengers.

Trump Announces “Board of Peace” for Gaza Plan’s Second Phase

19/01/2026

Donald Trump has announced the creation of a new international “Board of Peace” as part of Phase Two of his Gaza Peace Plan, shifting focus from ceasefire arrangements to demilitarisation, technocratic governance, and reconstruction.

🌍 Background of the Gaza Peace Plan

Origin: The Gaza Peace Plan was first unveiled in September 2025 as a 20-point roadmap aimed at ending the prolonged conflict in Gaza.
Phase One: Focused on achieving a ceasefire and stabilizing immediate hostilities.
Phase Two: Moves towards long-term governance, reconstruction, and demilitarisation, with the newly formed Board of Peace at its core.

🏛️ The Board of Peace

Announcement: On 15 January 2026, Trump declared the formation of the Board of Peace, calling it “the greatest and most prestigious board ever assembled.”
Leadership: Trump himself is expected to serve as Chairman of the Board.
Membership: Countries including Egypt, Turkey, Qatar, and potentially India have been invited to join. India has received an official invitation but has yet to respond.
Mandate: The Board will supervise a Palestinian technocratic committee tasked with managing day-to-day governance in Gaza, ensuring neutrality and efficiency.

⚖️ Objectives of Phase Two

Demilitarisation: Secure agreements with Hamas to relinquish military control.
Governance: Support a technocratic Palestinian government free from factional politics.
Reconstruction: Oversee rebuilding of infrastructure, civil institutions, and public services.
International Oversight: Provide legitimacy and global backing through participation of multiple nations.

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Raising Day : 19 January

19/01/2026

NDRF Raising Day is celebrated every year on 19 January to honor the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), India’s premier disaster management unit formed in 2006 under the Disaster Management Act. It is a day of gratitude, pride, and reflection on the force’s lifesaving contributions.

🌐 Background and Significance

Formation: The NDRF was established in 2006 as a specialized force to respond to natural and man-made disasters.
Purpose: It was created to provide a dedicated, professional, and swift response to emergencies like floods, earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, and industrial accidents.
Raising Day: Observed annually on 19 January, it commemorates the inception of the force and highlights its achievements.

🚨 Structure and Deployment

Battalions: The NDRF currently has 16 battalions, drawn from paramilitary forces such as BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, and SSB.
Locations: These battalions are strategically based at 68 locations across India, chosen according to vulnerability and disaster-prone zones.
Specialization: Personnel are trained in search and rescue, medical aid, chemical and nuclear disaster response, and community awareness programs.

Current Affairs MCQs : 17 January 2026

17/01/2026

Q. Who has been appointed as Vigilance Commissioner in the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in January 2026?
जनवरी 2026 में केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) के सतर्कता आयुक्त के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया गया है?

A) Rakesh Asthana / राकेश अस्थाना
B) Praveen Vashista / प्रवीण वशिष्ठ
C) Rajiv Gauba / राजीव गौबा
D) Ajit Doval / अजीत डोभाल

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✅ Correct Answer: B) Praveen Vashista / प्रवीण वशिष्ठ

Explanation (English):
Praveen Vashista, a 1991-batch IPS officer of the Bihar cadre, was appointed as Vigilance Commissioner in the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). He took the oath of office on 16 January 2026, completing the three-member structure of the Commission.

व्याख्या (हिंदी):
बिहार कैडर के 1991 बैच के आईपीएस अधिकारी प्रवीण वशिष्ठ को केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) में सतर्कता आयुक्त नियुक्त किया गया। उन्होंने 16 जनवरी 2026 को पद की शपथ ली, जिससे आयोग की तीन-सदस्यीय संरचना पूर्ण हुई।

Q. Which officer was appointed as the Director General of the Border Security Force (BSF) on 14 January 2026?
14 जनवरी 2026 को सीमा सुरक्षा बल (BSF) के महानिदेशक के रूप में किस अधिकारी को नियुक्त किया गया?

A) Praveen Kumar / प्रवीण कुमार
B) Rakesh Aggarwal / राकेश अग्रवाल
C) Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor / शत्रुजीत सिंह कपूर
D) Sadanand Vasant Date / सदानंद वसंत दाते

Show Answer

✅ Correct Answer: A) Praveen Kumar / प्रवीण कुमार

Explanation (English):
On 14 January 2026, the Government of India appointed new Director Generals for three major security agencies — the Border Security Force (BSF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and the National Investigation Agency (NIA). Praveen Kumar was appointed as the DG of BSF.

व्याख्या (हिंदी):
14 जनवरी 2026 को भारत सरकार ने तीन प्रमुख सुरक्षा एजेंसियों — सीमा सुरक्षा बल (BSF), भारत-तिब्बत सीमा पुलिस (ITBP) और राष्ट्रीय जांच एजेंसी (NIA) — के नए महानिदेशकों की नियुक्ति की। BSF के महानिदेशक के रूप में प्रवीण कुमार को नियुक्त किया गया।