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Prime Minister Narendra Modi co-chaired the second meeting of the India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council (SPC) with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in Jeddah on April 22, 2025. The leaders reviewed cooperation across sectors including politics, defence, trade, investment, energy, technology, culture, and people-to-people ties.
To reflect the growing ties, two new ministerial committees were created:
Defence Cooperation Committee
Tourism and Cultural Cooperation Committee
The SPC will now include four main committees:
Political, Consular and Security Cooperation
Defence Cooperation
Economy, Energy, Investment and Technology
Tourism and Cultural Cooperation
Key MoUs/Agreements Signed:
Space cooperation between Indian Department of Space and Saudi Space Agency
Health collaboration between the two Health Ministries
Anti-doping education agreement between NADA (India) and SAADC (Saudi Arabia)
Postal cooperation between India Post and Saudi Post Corporation
The Kailash Mansarovar Yatra is set to resume on June 30, 2025, after a four-year suspension due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pilgrimage will be conducted via the Uttarakhand route under the supervision of the Ministry of External Affairs and the Government of Uttarakhand, with Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam (KMVN) managing the operations.
The yatra will start from Delhi, proceeding through Lipulekh Pass in Pithoragarh district to enter China. 250 pilgrims, divided into five batches of 50, will undertake this 22-day spiritual journey. The first group enters China on July 10, and the last group returns by August 22.
Important stopovers include Tanakpur, Dharchula, Gunji, and Nabhidhang on the way to Kailash, and Bundi, Chaukori, and Almora on the return route.
To ensure safety, medical screenings will be carried out in Delhi and Gunji, supported by the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP).
On April 22, 2025, a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, left the nation in shock. Armed militants opened fire on tourists at Baisaran, a scenic meadow, resulting in at least 24 civilian deaths and multiple critical injuries.
The attack, described as one of the worst in recent years, has sparked widespread shock and outrage across India. No group has claimed responsibility yet.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has cut short his Saudi Arabia visit to return to Delhi and address the situation. Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah called the incident “much larger than anything we’ve seen directed at civilians in recent years.”
Although Kashmir has experienced a long-running insurgency, attacks specifically targeting tourists are rare, making this tragedy even more alarming.
On April 22, 2025, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) officially announced the final results of the Civil Services Examination 2024. This prestigious exam, known for its rigorous selection process, determines candidates for key administrative positions in the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), and other central services.
Highlights of the Results:
Top Ranker:Shakti Dubey secured the first position.
Diversity in Selection: Among the successful candidates, 11 women made it to the top 25.
Muslim Representation: A total of 26 Muslim candidates featured among the toppers.
Complete List: The full list of successful candidates is available online.
The UPSC Civil Services Examination is widely regarded as one of the toughest exams in India, requiring years of preparation and dedication. The announcement of results marks a significant milestone for aspirants who have worked tirelessly to achieve their dreams of serving the nation.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi departed for a two-day official visit to Saudi Arabia on April 22, 2025, aiming to strengthen the growing strategic partnership between the two nations. In his departure statement, he highlighted the importance of India-Saudi Arabia ties, which now encompass defence, trade, investment, energy, and people-to-people connections.
PM Modi emphasized his intent to engage with the Indian diaspora in Saudi Arabia and attend the 2nd Meeting of the Strategic Partnership Council, building on Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s 2023 visit to India.
He is set to arrive in Jeddah, marking the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to the commercial hub in over 40 years. The visit includes a factory tour and interaction with Indian workers.
India’s investments in Saudi Arabia reached around USD 3 billion by August 2023, spanning key sectors like IT, telecom, pharmaceuticals, construction, and consultancy, underlining the countries’ deepening economic cooperation.
The Indian government has imposed a 12% safeguard duty on imports of certain non-alloy and alloy steel flat products to protect the domestic steel industry from rising import pressure.
Union Steel Minister H. D. Kumaraswamy welcomed the move, calling it a timely and necessary step to support domestic manufacturers, especially small and medium enterprises. The duty aims to ensure fair competition, restore market stability, and boost confidence in the Indian steel sector. The government reaffirmed its commitment to making the industry resilient, self-reliant, and globally competitive.
Pope Francis passed away on April 20, 2025, marking the end of a historic and transformative papacy. Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, he was the first Jesuit, first Latin American, and first non-European pope in over 1,200 years.
He led the Church with a focus on humility, compassion, social justice, and interfaith dialogue, and was widely respected for his stance on climate change, poverty, and global peace. His papacy left a lasting legacy of inclusiveness and humanity.
The world mourns the loss of a global spiritual leader, and tributes continue to pour in for the man who reshaped the role of the modern papacy.
World Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22, encouraging global awareness and action to protect the environment. It highlights urgent issues like climate change, deforestation, pollution, and biodiversity loss, urging individuals and communities to take meaningful steps—like planting trees, saving water, reducing plastic, and supporting sustainable policies.
The theme for Earth Day 2025 is “OUR POWER, OUR PLANET,” emphasizing the need to unite globally around renewable energy and work toward tripling clean electricity by 2030.
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The 17th Civil Services Day is celebrated on April 21, 2025, to honor the dedication and service of India’s civil servants. The day commemorates Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s speech on April 21, 1947, where he called civil servants the “steel frame of India”.
This year’s celebration is held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressing civil servants. Highlights include the Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration, recognizing impactful initiatives across the country.
A contingent of the Indian Air Force (IAF) has arrived at Al Dhafra Air Base in the UAE to participate in Exercise Desert Flag-10. The multinational air combat exercise is hosted by the UAE Air Force and includes participation from the air forces of Australia, Bahrain, France, Germany, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, Turkey, UAE, the United Kingdom, and the United States, along with India.
The exercise commenced on April 21, 2025, and will continue until May 8, 2025. Its primary objective is to conduct complex fighter engagements and promote the exchange of operational knowledge and best practices among some of the world’s most advanced air forces.
Vice President of the United States, J D Vance, arrived in New Delhi on April 21, 2025, for a four-day official visit. He is accompanied by Second Lady Usha Vance, their children, and senior U.S. officials. This is his first visit to India, and he is scheduled to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi to discuss strengthening India-U.S. ties.
The delegation will also visit Jaipur and Agra, in addition to holding engagements in Delhi. The visit will focus on reviewing progress in bilateral relations, particularly the outcomes of the India-U.S. Joint Statement from February 13, 2025. Both sides will also exchange views on regional and global issues.
India and the U.S. share a comprehensive global strategic partnership, based on shared democratic values, mutual interests, and strong people-to-people connections. Regular high-level dialogue remains key to this growing relationship.
Churchill Brothers FC Goa clinched the I-League 2024-25 title on April 19, 2025, following a ruling by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) Appeals Committee. The club had provisionally finished at the top of the league table with 40 points after the final round of matches on April 6, 2025. However, the championship was delayed due to a dispute involving second-placed Inter Kashi, whose appeal regarding points from a controversial match on January 13, 2025, was dismissed.
This victory marks a historic achievement for Churchill Brothers, as they earned promotion to the Indian Super League (ISL) for the first time. The ruling brought closure to one of the most dramatic seasons in Indian domestic football.
India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, completed 50 years.Launched on 19th April 1975, it was named after ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata.
Built by ISRO and launched from Kapustin Yar with USSR’s assistance, the satellite aimed to study Solar Physics, Aeronomy, and X-ray Astronomy. Aryabhata had a 26-sided polyhedron design, measured 1.4 metres in diameter, and weighed 360 kilograms. 24 of its faces were covered with solar panels.
After five days in orbit, a power failure halted all experiments, but valuable data and experience were still gained. It continued to transmit for a few more days.
Aryabhata marked India’s entry into space exploration, making India the 11th country to send a satellite into orbit, and laid the groundwork for future space missions.
Practice the best collection of General Knowledge MCQ in Hindi and English for competitive exams in 2025. Includes History, Geography, Polity, Science, Economics & more. GK Mock Tests also available!
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Are you preparing for SSC, UPSC, State PSC, Railways, Banking, or any other competitive exams? Boost your preparation with this comprehensive list of General Knowledge (GK) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) available in both Hindi and English. Covering topics from History to Science, and Polity to Geography, this post offers categorized practice sets and mock tests to help you succeed!
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A book titled Sanskriti Ka Panchva Adhyay, a compilation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speeches, was launched in New Delhi on 18 April 2025.
The book was released by Acharya Mahamandaleshwar Swami Avdheshanand Giri, head of the Juna Akhara, and the event was presided over by Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman Harivansh.
Key highlights:
The book reflects PM Modi’s commitment to preserving India’s culture, traditions, and spiritual values.
Harivansh praised the Prime Minister’s role in safeguarding India’s cultural heritage.
Swami Avdheshanand Giri noted that since 2014, there has been innovation and a cultural transformation across India.
He emphasized that cultural topics are now discussed with more depth and pride in the country.
India is set to make history as Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force will fly to the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2025 as part of the Axiom Space mission, Ax-4.
Minister of State for Space and Atomic Energy, Dr. Jitendra Singh, announced this after a high-level meeting in New Delhi, highlighting it as a major milestone in India’s space journey.
Himanshu Jakhar made history by winning India’s first-ever gold medal at the Asian U18 Athletics Championships in the men’s javelin throw held in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. His throw of 67.57 meters, although below his personal best of 74.56 meters, secured the top spot on the podium.
With this, India ended the championship with 11 medals: 1 Gold, 5 Silver and 5 Bronze
Other key performances:
Devak Bhusan won silver in men’s high jump with a leap of 2.03 meters, behind Kuwait’s Mohammad Alduaij (2.05 meters).
Aarti won bronze in women’s 200m (22.41 seconds) and had earlier claimed bronze in the 100m.
The men’s medley relay team (Chiranth P, Sayed Sabeer, Saket Minj, Kadir Khan) secured silver, finishing in 1:52.15, behind China.
The women’s medley relay team did not finish due to a baton drop.
The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, a noted Hindu scripture, and the Natyashastra, an Indian treatise on performing arts, have been included in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register on April 17, 2025. This recognition highlights their exceptional universal value and profound impact on human civilization.
The Bhagavad Gita, a sacred dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, is a cornerstone of India’s spiritual and philosophical traditions. Comprising 700 verses, it addresses profound questions about duty, selflessness, and devotion, synthesizing elements from Vedic, Buddhist, Jain, and Carvaka traditions. Its teachings have inspired countless individuals and scholars worldwide.
The Natyashastra, attributed to the sage Bharat Muni, is a foundational treatise on Indian performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance, and music. It has shaped classical art traditions for centuries and remains a guiding text for artists and scholars. Its insights into aesthetics and performance continue to influence the global artistic community.
With this addition, India now has 14 entries in the prestigious Memory of the World Register.
Looking for the Nobel Prize 2024 winners list in Hindi and English in a quick, easy-to-download format? You’ve landed at the right place! This blog gives you the complete list of Nobel Prize Winners 2024 along with a free downloadable PDF – perfect for your current affairs and general awareness prep.
Whether you’re preparing for UPSC, SSC, Banking, Railway, Defence, or any other competitive exam, knowing the latest Nobel Prize winners is a must.
🏅 What are the Nobel Prizes?
The Nobel Prizes are among the world’s most prestigious international awards, given annually in recognition of outstanding achievements in:
Peace
Literature
Physics
Chemistry
Medicine (Physiology)
Economic Sciences
These awards are announced by different Nobel Committees based in Sweden and Norway.
📝 Nobel Prize Winners 2024 – Category-wise List
Here’s a quick overview of the 2024 Nobel Prize winners by category:
Category
Winner(s)
Peace
Japanese atomic bomb survivors’ group Nihon Hidankyo
Literature
Han Kang
Physics
John H. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton
Chemistry
David Baker, John Jumper, and Demis Hassabis
Medicine
Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
Economics
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson
👉 Note: Full details with descriptions are available in the downloadable PDF below.
📥 Download Nobel Prize Winners 2024 PDF
For your convenience, we’ve compiled the entire list in a well-formatted PDF that you can download, print, or save for future reference.
PDF : Nobel Prize Winners 2024 List with Photo and Brief description Medium : Hindi and English Pages: 13
Stay updated with major international awards, especially Nobel Prizes, as they often feature in exam papers. Keep revising with the latest PDFs and follow reliable sources for monthly current affairs.
The 86th Raising Day of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) was celebrated on April 17, 2025, in Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh, the birthplace of the CRPF. This day marks the establishment of the CRPF, originally formed as the Crown Representative Police on July 27, 1939, and renamed as the CRPF on December 28, 1949, under the leadership of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Union Home Minister Amit Shah, the chief guest at the event, highlighted the CRPF’s pivotal role in maintaining internal security, combating terrorism, and eradicating Naxalism. He announced that Naxalism, which has been confined to just four districts, will be completely eliminated by March 31, 2026, with the CRPF, especially its elite CoBRA battalion, leading the mission.
The celebrations included a ceremonial parade, mock drills, and skill displays by CRPF personnel, showcasing their preparedness and dedication. Tributes were paid to the fallen heroes who sacrificed their lives for the nation’s unity and integrity.
The CRPF, with over 246 battalions, continues to play a vital role in ensuring peace and security across the country, from counter-terrorism operations in Jammu and Kashmir to maintaining order in the Northeast.
AIIMS, New Delhi, has been ranked the 97th best hospital in the world in the World’s Best Hospitals 2024 list by Newsweek and Statista. This recognition reflects AIIMS’s excellence in healthcare, research, and affordable treatment.
The ranking evaluated over 2,400 hospitals across 30 countries, based on patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, hygiene standards, and expert recommendations.
Other Indian hospitals on the list include:
PGIMER, Chandigarh at 228th rank
A private hospital in Gurgaon at 146th rank
These rankings underscore India’s growing global presence in healthcare.
World Heritage Day, celebrated every April 18, honors the cultural and natural treasures recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It aims to raise awareness about preserving landmarks, traditions, and ecosystems of global significance.
Each year, the theme changes to spotlight different aspects of heritage conservation. Across the world, people mark the day with heritage walks, exhibitions, workshops, and cultural events, promoting the value of protecting our shared history.
India, with iconic sites like the Taj Mahal, Jaipur City, and the Sundarbans, actively engages in the celebrations, showcasing its diverse heritage.
Heritage goes beyond monuments—it includes languages, customs, and traditions that shape our identity. The day encourages everyone to reflect on their role in preserving cultural diversity.
General Knowledge Book PDF 2025 – Free Download for Competitive Exams
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Language
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The Arihant GK 2025 book includes the following sections:
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Indian Railways has introduced the first-ever onboard ATM on the Panchvati Express running between Manmad and CSMT, Mumbai, as part of a pilot project. The ATM, installed in an air-conditioned chair car coach, was created by converting a mini pantry space with secure fittings and safety measures.
The initiative, led by Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, aims to enhance passenger convenience and explore new sources of non-fare revenue. If successful, similar ATMs may be introduced on other long-distance and high-traffic trains.
The 6th edition of India-Uzbekistan Joint Military Exercise DUSTLIK-6 began on 16 April 2025 at the Foreign Training Node, Aundh, Pune, Maharashtra. The Indian contingent, represented by a JAT Regiment battalion and the Indian Air Force, is participating alongside personnel from the Uzbekistan Army.
This annual bilateral exercise, held alternately in India and Uzbekistan, aims to strengthen defence cooperation and share best practices in Joint Sub-Conventional Operations. The exercise will continue until 28 April 2025.
Justice B.R. Gavai recommended as the next Chief Justice of India (CJI) by current CJI Sanjiv Khanna, who retires on May 13, 2025. Justice Gavai, the second-most senior Supreme Court judge, will be sworn in as the 52nd CJI on May 14, 2025.
Born in Amravati, Maharashtra, on November 24, 1960, Justice Gavai began his legal career in 1985 and joined the Supreme Court on May 24, 2019. He played key roles in landmark cases, including those on Article 370 abrogation, electoral bonds, and demonetisation.
He will be the second Dalit Chief Justice of India, after Justice K.G. Balakrishnan. His tenure will end on November 23, 2025. Known for his work in constitutional, administrative, and environmental law, Justice Gavai’s appointment reflects deep judicial experience and dedication to justice.
At the ISSF World Cup 2025 in Lima, Peru, the Indian duo Inder Singh Suruchi and Saurabh Chaudhary won the gold medal in the 10m Air Pistol Mixed Team event, defeating China’s Qianxun Yao and Kai Hu 17-9 in the final.
Meanwhile, the Indian pair Manu Bhakar and Ravinder Singh narrowly missed a bronze, losing to China’s Qianke Ma and Yifan Zhang.
India’s National Waterways achieved a record cargo traffic of 145.5 million tonnes in the Financial Year 2024-25. The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways highlighted a compound annual growth rate of 20.86% in cargo traffic during the last fiscal year. Additionally, traffic movement in FY 2025 showed a 9.34% year-on-year growth compared to FY 2024. Five major commodities—coal, iron ore, iron ore fines, sand, and fly ash—accounted for over 68% of the total cargo transported on National Waterways.
List of Important Waterways in India:
National Waterway 1 (NW-1): Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System (1620 km) – Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal.
National Waterway 2 (NW-2): Brahmaputra River (891 km) – Assam.
National Waterway 3 (NW-3): West Coast Canal (205 km) – Kerala.
National Waterway 4 (NW-4): Kakinada Canal and Godavari-Krishna River System (1095 km) – Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry.
National Waterway 5 (NW-5): Brahmani-Mahanadi Delta Rivers (623 km) – Odisha, West Bengal.
