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National Current Affairs of India, Important for competitive Exams.

Bhutan PM Tshering Tobgay’s India Visit

Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay, accompanied by his spouse Aum Tashi Doma, paid a four-day official visit to India from September 3–6, 2025 to deepen bilateral, cultural, and spiritual ties.

His visit included Ayodhya (Ram Janmabhoomi & Hanumangarhi Temples), Rajgir (Consecration of the Royal Bhutan Temple with Je Khenpo), and Nalanda University, where he highlighted Bhutan’s Vajrayana traditions.

In Delhi, he held talks with Indian leaders including EAM S. Jaishankar. The visit underscored India–Bhutan friendship, Buddhist spiritual heritage, and regional cooperation under India’s Act East Policy.

PM Modi Inaugurates Semicon India 2025 in New Delhi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Semicon India 2025 on 2 September at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi. The three-day conference (2–4 September) aims to strengthen India’s semiconductor ecosystem, positioning the country as a global hub for chip design, manufacturing, and innovation.

Semicon India 2025 has drawn 20,750+ participants, 2,500 delegates from 48+ countries, 150+ speakers (including 50+ global leaders), and 350+ exhibitors. Highlights include country pavilions, international roundtables, workforce development, and startup innovation showcases.

Following earlier editions in Bengaluru (2022), Gandhinagar (2023), and Greater Noida (2024), the New Delhi edition marks another milestone in advancing India’s semiconductor journey.

PM Modi’s Two-Nation Tour (Japan & China, Aug 29–Sep 1, 2025)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has embarked on two-nation tour from August 29 to September 1, 2025, visiting Japan and China to strengthen India’s strategic partnerships, enhance regional cooperation, and participate in high-level diplomatic engagements.

Japan (Aug 29–30, 2025):

  • Attending 15th India–Japan Annual Summit with PM Shigeru Ishiba.
  • Focus on defense, trade, technology, clean energy, cultural ties, and Indo-Pacific stability.
  • First summit with Ishiba, signaling a renewed phase in bilateral ties.

China (Aug 31–Sep 1, 2025):

  • Participating in the SCO Summit at Tianjin, hosted by President Xi Jinping.
  • Agenda: regional security, economic cooperation, and bilateral talks with Xi, Putin, and others.
  • Stress on peace along the India–China border.

India’s First Removable Solar Panel by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW)

Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi, has rolled out India’s first Removable Solar Panel pilot project. The 70-metre setup includes 28 solar panels generating up to 15 KW electricity.

These panels are durable, efficient, and removable, allowing for maintenance and seasonal adaptation, and are installed between railway tracks without land acquisition.

Supreme Court’s Modified Order on Stray Dogs

The Supreme Court modified its earlier order on 22 August 2025, that mandated the confinement of all stray dogs to shelters across Delhi-NCR.

  • Now allowed: Stray dogs can be released back to their original places after sterilisation and vaccination.
  • Exception: Dogs infected with rabies or showing aggressive behaviour must be kept in shelters.
  • Public feeding ban: Feeding of stray dogs in public is prohibited; instead, dedicated feeding spaces will be created by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) in each ward.
  • Adoption: Animal lovers can apply to the MCD for adopting dogs.

India Successfully Test-Fires Agni-5 IRBM with MIRV Capability

On 20 August 2025, India successfully test-fired the Agni-5 Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) from the Integrated Test Range (Chandipur, Odisha).

  • Technology: Equipped with MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle) capability, enabling deployment of multiple warheads.
  • Range: Over 5,000 km, covering Asia, parts of Europe, and beyond.
  • Conducted by: Strategic Forces Command, validating all parameters.
  • Developer: DRDO, marking it as the most advanced missile in the Agni series.

UIDAI–Starlink Tie-Up for Aadhaar-Based Customer Verification in India

On 10 August 2025, UIDAI partnered with Starlink Satellite Communication Pvt Ltd (owned by Elon Musk) to enable Aadhaar-based customer verification for Starlink’s satellite internet services in India.

  • Aadhaar e-KYC will allow paperless, secure onboarding.
  • Authentication is voluntary, as per regulations.
  • Starlink is now a Sub-Authentication User Agency (AUA) and Sub-eKYC User Agency (KUA).
  • Face authentication is being promoted for ease of use.

This move supports Digital India, helping provide high-speed satellite internet to rural and remote regions.

12th India–Sri Lanka Naval Exercise SLINEX-25 Underway off Colombo

The sea phase of the 12th Sri Lanka-India Naval Exercise (SLINEX-25) is underway in western waters off Colombo.

Indian Navy ships INS Jyoti (fleet tanker) and INS Rana (destroyer) are participating along with Sri Lanka Navy ships SLNS Vijayabahu and SLNS Sayura.

Drills include VBSS operations, gunnery, screening, vertical replenishment, flashing, and fuelling approaches.

The harbour phase (14–16 Aug 2025, Colombo Port) featured joint briefings, helicopter training, professional exchanges, sports, yoga, and ship visits for schoolchildren.

PM Modi Sets Record with Longest Independence Day Speech

On 15 August 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi delivered the longest-ever Independence Day speech from the Red Fort, lasting 1 hour 43 minutes.

  • Surpassed his own 98-minute record of 2024; his shortest was 56 minutes in 2017.
  • This was his 12th consecutive Independence Day address since 2014 (65 minutes).
  • Previous PMs’ speeches: Nehru (1947 – under 20 min), Indira Gandhi (shortest 14 min in 1966), Manmohan Singh (longest ~55 min in 2007).
  • Modi’s 2025 speech highlighted economic reforms, digital sovereignty, youth empowerment, and India’s global role.

First Freight Train Reaches Kashmir Valley – Boost to Connectivity & Commerce

On 9 August 2025, the first-ever freight train arrived at the Anantnag Goods Shed, integrating the Kashmir Valley with India’s national freight network. Originating from Rupnagar, Punjab, it carried 21 BCN wagons of cement for infrastructure projects, covering ~600 km in under 18 hours via a WAG-9 electric locomotive.

Part of the Udhampur–Srinagar–Baramulla Rail Link (USBRL) project, this milestone promises lower transport costs, better market access for Kashmir’s produce, and year-round connectivity despite winter highway closures.

Rudrastra: Indian Railways’ 4.5 km Long Freight Giant Completes Successful Trial Run

Indian Railways has conducted a successful trial run of Asia’s largest freight train ‘Rudrastra’, measuring 4.5 km in length. The trial covered 209 km from Ganjkhwaja (UP) to Garhwa (Jharkhand) in 5 hours 10 minutes at an average speed of 40.50 km/h.

Rudrastra comprises 345 wagons with a capacity of 72 tonnes per wagon, powered by 7 engines. It was formed by coupling three long haul racks (two goods trains each), effectively lining up five goods trains.

The train, flagged from the Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Division to the Dhanbad Division, aims to speed up freight loading and transportation, saving both time and resources.

PM Modi Inaugurates Kartavya Bhavan-3 at Central Vista

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Kartavya Bhavan-3 at Kartavya Path in New Delhi on 6 August 2025.

🔹 Key Features:

  • First of several Common Central Secretariat buildings under Central Vista Project
  • Spread over 1.5 lakh sq. meters, includes 2 basements + 7 floors
  • Will house key ministries: Home, External Affairs, MSME, Rural Development, DoPT, Petroleum, and more
  • Equipped with IT-ready secure workspaces, electronic surveillance, and centralized control systems

🌱 Sustainability Highlights:

  • 30% energy savings, generates 5 lakh+ units of electricity annually
  • Features solar panels, HVAC systems, rainwater harvesting, and zero-discharge waste management
  • Promotes eco-conscious infrastructure with e-vehicle charging, recycled materials, and solid waste processing

India–Singapore Joint Military Exercise ‘Bold Kurukshetra 2025’ in Jodhpur

The 14th edition of Exercise Bold Kurukshetra between India and Singapore began on 27 July 2025 in Jodhpur and will run till 4 August. This tabletop and computer-based wargame aims to enhance joint operational readiness in mechanised warfare under a UN mandate.

The 42 Singapore Armoured Regiment and India’s Mechanised Infantry Regiment are participating. The exercise will conclude with an equipment display and aims to boost interoperability, training, and bilateral defence cooperation.

PM Modi’s Two-Nation Visit: UK & Maldives

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit the United Kingdom and Maldives from July 23–26, 2025, to strengthen strategic ties and regional cooperation.

  • In the UK (July 23–24), at the invitation of PM Keir Starmer, talks will focus on the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, including trade, defence, climate, health, and education.
  • The India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and a meeting with King Charles III are also expected.
  • In the Maldives (July 25–26), at the invitation of President Mohamed Muizzu, Modi will attend the country’s 60th Independence Day as Guest of Honour.
  • Talks will cover the India-Maldives Joint Vision on economic and maritime security, part of India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy and Vision MAHASAGAR.

India to Participate in 32nd Edition of SIMBEX in Singapore

The Indian Navy will participate in the 32nd edition of SIMBEX (Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise) in July 2025. Formerly known as Exercise Lion King, this long-standing bilateral maritime drill with the Republic of Singapore Navy underscores India’s Vision SAGAR and Act East policy.

Indian naval ships INS Delhi, INS Satpura, INS Kiltan, and INS Shakti have already arrived in Singapore under Rear Admiral Susheel Menon, commanding the Eastern Fleet.

UIDAI Urges Mandatory Biometric Update for Children Aged 7+

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has issued a reminder to parents and guardians to complete the Mandatory Biometric Update (MBU) for children aged 7 years and above.

🧒 Biometric Policy Details:

  • No biometrics are taken for children under 5 years due to developmental factors.
  • After turning 5, children must update biometrics (fingerprints and iris scans).
  • The biometric update is free if done between ages 5 and 7.
  • If the update is not completed after age 7, the Aadhaar number may be deactivated.

India’s 2nd-Longest Cable-Stayed Sigandur Bridge Inaugurated

On July 14, 2025, Union Minister Nitin Gadkari inaugurated the Sigandur Bridge, now recognized as India’s second-longest cable-stayed bridge and Karnataka’s longest. Spanning 2.25 km, with a 740-meter cable-stayed section, it connects Ambaragodlu to Kalasavalli, drastically reducing travel time to the temple town of Sigandur.

India’s longest overall cable-stayed bridge: Bandra-Worli Sea Link in Mumbai, measuring 5.6 km, including its 500-meter cable-stayed span.

Air India Ahmedabad Crash: AAIB Finds Mid-Air Fuel Cutoff in Preliminary Report

On 11 July 2025, the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) released its preliminary report on the Air India Flight AI 171 crash, which occurred on 12 June 2025, killing 260 people.

  • The report revealed a sudden shutdown of engine fuel: both engine fuel control switches moved from ‘RUN’ to ‘CUTOFF’ within 1 second after take-off.
  • Cockpit recordings show one pilot asking why the fuel was cut; the other denied doing so.
  • The flight lasted only 30 seconds before the Boeing 787-8 crashed into BJ Medical College hostel premises in Ahmedabad.
  • The crash killed 241 of 242 passengers and 19 people on the ground; only 1 passenger survived.
  • Fuel quality was found satisfactory and pilots had adequate rest.
  • AAIB said there are no recommended actions for Boeing 787-8 operators at this stage.
  • Further evidence is being gathered, and Air India is cooperating with the investigation.

Operation SHIVA 2025: Indian Army’s High-Intensity Security Exercise for Amarnath Yatra

The Indian Army launched Operation SHIVA 2025 on 11 July 2025 to ensure the safe and smooth conduct of the Shri Amarnath Yatra, amid increased threats from Pakistan-backed proxy groups.

  • 8,500+ troops deployed, coordinated with civil administration and CAPFs.
  • A multi-layered counter-terror grid, UAV surveillance, and drone countermeasures are in place.

The operation underscores the Army’s commitment to pilgrims’ safety and national preparedness in high-risk zones.

India’s Fish Production Doubles in 11 Years: A Blue Revolution Success Story

India’s fish production has doubled from 95.79 lakh tonnes (2013–14) to 195 lakh tonnes (2024–25)—a growth of 104% in just 11 years, marking a major success of the Blue Revolution.

Key Highlights:

  • Inland fish farming surged 140%, and shrimp production rose 270%.
  • ₹38,572 crore invested in the fisheries sector since 2015.
  • Seafood exports crossed ₹60,500 crore, boosting rural livelihoods.

125th Birth Anniversary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee

On July 6, 2025, India marked the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, a visionary leader, nationalist, and founder of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh.

  • Born in 1901 in Kolkata, he became one of the youngest Vice-Chancellors of Calcutta University at age 33.
  • A barrister trained in London, Mookerjee served as Finance Minister of Bengal and later joined the Hindu Mahasabha.
  • After Independence, he was India’s first Industry and Supply Minister but resigned over the Nehru-Liaquat Pact.
  • In 1951, he founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, laying the ideological foundation for today’s BJP.
  • He strongly opposed Article 370, promoting “Ek Vidhan, Ek Nishan, Ek Pradhan”, and died in 1953 in Srinagar under controversial circumstances.

Indian Navy Inducts First Indigenous Diving Support Vessel ‘Nistar’

On 8 July 2025, the Indian Navy inducted its first indigenously designed and built Diving Support Vessel (DSV), Nistar, at a ceremony in Visakhapatnam, officially handed over by Hindustan Shipyard Limited.

Nistar, derived from Sanskrit meaning liberation or rescue, is a highly specialized warship built to perform deep sea diving and submarine rescue operations—a capability only a few navies in the world possess.

  • The vessel is 118 meters long, with a displacement of 10,000 tons.
  • It can conduct saturation diving up to 300 meters and side diving operations up to 75 meters.
  • Acts as a “Mother Ship” for Deep Submergence Rescue Vessel (DSRV), crucial for submarine emergencies.
  • Equipped with advanced ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles) for operations up to 1000 meters deep.

With about 75% indigenous content, Nistar represents a major step forward in India’s self-reliance in defence manufacturing and boosts the Navy’s deep sea operational capabilities.

Special Intensive Revision (SIR) in Bihar – 2025

The Election Commission of India (ECI) launched the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar on June 24, 2025, ahead of the upcoming Assembly elections. This is the first such revision since 2003.

  • SIR involves door-to-door verification to include eligible voters and remove ineligible or duplicate entries, ensuring a clean and transparent electoral roll.
  • The revision addresses issues due to urbanisation, migration, and unreported deaths and aims to prevent illegal immigrants from being listed.

Process Highlights

  • Booth Level Officers (BLOs) distribute forms via home visits.
  • Proof of citizenship is mandatory for new voters (especially added after 2003).
  • 11 documents accepted (e.g., birth certificate, passport); Aadhaar is not valid for citizenship proof.

Legal & Timeline

  • SIR is conducted under Article 324 of the Constitution and Section 21 of RP Act, 1950.
  • Appeals can be made to the District Magistrate or Chief Electoral Officer.

Important Dates

  • Submit documents by: July 25, 2025
  • Draft roll release: August 1, 2025
  • Final roll publication: September 30, 2025

India Sets Up First Equine Disease-Free Compartment (EDFC) in Meerut

India has established its first Equine Disease-Free Compartment (EDFC) at the RVC Centre & College in Meerut Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, officially recognized by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).

The EDFC was created through collaboration between the Department of Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Defence, Equestrian Federation of India (EFI), and Uttar Pradesh Government.

The facility ensures biosecurity, veterinary surveillance, and disease exclusion as per WOAH standards. It has been certified free from major equine diseases like:

  • Equine Infectious Anemia
  • Equine Influenza
  • Equine Piroplasmosis
  • Glanders
  • Surra

India is also free from African Horse Sickness since 2014.

🔹 This recognition allows Indian sport horses to compete internationally and promotes equine trade and breeding.
🔹 The EDFC success complements India’s efforts to create HPAI-Free Compartments for poultry exports.
🔹 It positions India as a leader in animal health systems, aligning with global biosecurity and trade standards.

INS Tamal Commissioned in Russia, Enhances Indian Navy’s Stealth and Strike Capabilities

INS Tamal Commissioned in Russia – A Boost to Indian Navy’s Strength

  • INS Tamal, an advanced stealth frigate, was commissioned on 1 July 2025 at Yantar Shipyard, Kaliningrad, Russia.
  • It is the 8th ship under Project 1135.6 and 2nd of the Tushil-class follow-on frigates.
  • Equipped with BrahMos cruise missile and Humsa-NG Sonar system for superior strike and detection capabilities.
  • Successfully tested Shtil-1 surface-to-air missiles, artillery, and torpedoes.
  • Designed for blue water operations and fitted with automated nuclear, biological, and chemical defence systems.
  • A symbol of Indo-Russian defense cooperation, the ship will soon sail to its homeport Karwar, Karnataka.

RailOne App Launched as Unified Platform for Indian Railway Passenger Services

Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw launched the RailOne app on 1 July 2025 as a unified platform for all passenger services.

Key features include ticket booking (including unreserved tickets), train enquiry, PNR status, journey planning, Rail Madad, and food ordering.

Union Cabinet Approves Major Schemes for Employment, Innovation, Sports, and Infrastructure

Key Cabinet Decisions – 1 July 2025 :

₹1 lakh crore Employment-Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme approved to create over 3.5 crore jobs in 2 years.

  • 1.92 crore first-time employees to benefit.
  • Jobs created between 1 Aug 2025 – 31 July 2027 will be covered.
  • First-time employees to get one month’s wage (up to ₹15,000).
  • Employers to receive up to ₹3,000/month/employee for 2 years, extended to 4 years in manufacturing.
  • Scheme part of ₹2 lakh crore youth employment package from Union Budget 2024-25.

Research Development and Innovation Scheme with ₹1 lakh crore corpus approved to boost private sector R&D investment. Managed by Anusandhan National Research Foundation, chaired by the Prime Minister.

National Sports Policy 2025 approved to position India among top 5 sporting nations. Focus on grassroots to elite training, infrastructure, leagues, and sports tourism.

₹1,853 crore Paramakudi–Ramanathapuram 4-lane highway project in Tamil Nadu approved. 46.7 km stretch to enhance religious tourism and economic connectivity to Rameshwaram and Dhanushkodi.

Indian Railways Revises Passenger Train Fares Effective July 1, 2025

The Ministry of Railways has announced the rationalisation of passenger train fares effective from July 1, 2025, aiming to streamline fare structures and improve the financial viability of operations while maintaining affordability.

  • No change in fares for suburban single journey tickets or season tickets (suburban/non-suburban).
  • For non-AC classes (second class, sleeper), a minor increase of 0.5 paisa/km is introduced:
    • No fare hike for travel up to 500 km.
    • ₹5 increase for 501–1500 km, ₹10 for 1501–2500 km, and ₹15 for 2501–3000 km.
  • Mail/Express trains will see:
    • 1 paisa/km increase for non-AC classes.
    • 2 paisa/km increase for AC classes.
  • Fare revision applies to premium trains like Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Vande Bharat, Duronto, etc.
  • No changes to reservation fees, superfast surcharges, or GST rates.
  • Applicable only to tickets booked on or after July 1, 2025.
  • PRS and UTS systems are being updated; Zonal Railways are directed to inform passengers through station displays and notices.

Q. From which date will the revised Indian Railways fare structure come into effect in 2025?
A) June 30
B) July 1
C) July 15
D) August 1
Answer: B) July 1

India Rejects Court of Arbitration’s Supplemental Award on Indus Waters Treaty

On June 27, 2025, India categorically rejected a “supplemental award” issued by a Court of Arbitration constituted under the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960. The award pertained to the Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects in Jammu & Kashmir.

India’s Position

  • The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) declared the Court of Arbitration as illegally constituted, stating it was a serious breach of the IWT.
  • India emphasized it has never recognized the legal validity of this court, calling the proceedings a “charade at Pakistan’s behest”.
  • The MEA reiterated that any decisions or awards by this body are “illegal and per se void”.

Treaty in Abeyance

  • Following the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, India placed the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, citing Pakistan’s continued support for cross-border terrorism.
  • India asserted that until Pakistan credibly and irrevocably abjures terrorism, it is no longer bound by the treaty’s obligations.

Background

  • The dispute stems from Pakistan’s objections to the design of the Kishenganga (on Jhelum tributary) and Ratle (on Chenab) projects.
  • In 2016, Pakistan moved the World Bank to establish a Court of Arbitration, while India preferred resolution through a neutral expert, as per treaty provisions.
  • Despite India’s objections, the World Bank appointed both a neutral expert and a Court of Arbitration in October 2022, leading to parallel proceedings.

CBSE Introduces Two-Term Class 10 Board Exams

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced a new exam pattern for Class 10 board exams, starting from the next academic year (2026). The exams will now be conducted in two terms:

  • The first exam in February will be compulsory for all students.
  • The second exam in May will be optional, meant for students who wish to improve their scores.

Students will be allowed to improve their performance in up to three subjects out of Science, Mathematics, Social Science, and languages.

  • Results of the two exams will be declared in April and June, respectively.

Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan praised the move, stating it will:

  • Reduce exam-related stress
  • Offer flexibility
  • Create a more student-friendly and joyful learning environment

This reform is in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which recommends twice-a-year board exams as a student-centric and globally aligned approach to education.

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