January 2026

Current Affairs MCQs : 20 January 2026

Q. In which Swiss town is the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting traditionally held?

विश्व आर्थिक मंच (WEF) की वार्षिक बैठक पारंपरिक रूप से स्विट्ज़रलैंड के किस शहर में आयोजित होती है?

A) Geneva / जिनेवा
B) Zurich / ज़्यूरिख
C) Davos / दावोस
D) Basel / बासेल

Show Answer
✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) Davos / दावोस

Explanation (EN):
The World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland is a global gathering where leaders from politics, business, academia, and civil society meet annually to discuss pressing global challenges and shape future solutions.
Dates: January 19–23, 2026.

व्याख्या (HI):
स्विट्ज़रलैंड के दावोस में आयोजित विश्व आर्थिक मंच (WEF) एक वैश्विक सम्मेलन है, जहाँ राजनीति, व्यापार, शिक्षा जगत और नागरिक समाज के नेता हर वर्ष एकत्र होकर प्रमुख वैश्विक चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करते हैं और भविष्य के समाधान तय करते हैं।
तिथियाँ: 19–23 जनवरी, 2026।

Q. Who is the youngest leader elected as the National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)?

भारतीय जनता पार्टी (BJP) के राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष के रूप में चुने गए सबसे युवा नेता कौन हैं?

A) J.P. Nadda / जे.पी. नड्डा
B) Amit Shah / अमित शाह
C) Nitin Nabin / नितिन नवीन
D) Rajnath Singh / राजनाथ सिंह

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer / सही उत्तर: C) Nitin Nabin / नितिन नवीन

Explanation (EN):
Nitin Nabin has been elected unopposed as the new National President of the BJP, formally taking charge on January 20, 2026. At 45 years old, he is the youngest person ever to lead the BJP.

व्याख्या (HI):
नितिन नवीन को भारतीय जनता पार्टी का नया राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष निर्विरोध चुना गया है और उन्होंने 20 जनवरी, 2026 को औपचारिक रूप से पदभार संभाला। 45 वर्ष की आयु में वे BJP का नेतृत्व करने वाले अब तक के सबसे युवा नेता हैं।

Q. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan visited India on 19 January 2026 in what capacity?

शेख मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान ने 19 जनवरी 2026 को भारत की यात्रा किस हैसियत से की?

a) Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi / अबू धाबी के क्राउन प्रिंस
b) President of the United Arab Emirates / संयुक्त अरब अमीरात के राष्ट्रपति
c) UAE Foreign Minister / यूएई के विदेश मंत्री
d) UAE Defence Minister / यूएई के रक्षा मंत्री

Show Answer
✅ Answer / उत्तर: b) President of the United Arab Emirates / संयुक्त अरब अमीरात के राष्ट्रपति

Explanation (EN):
President of the UAE, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, visited India on January 19, 2026, at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

व्याख्या (HI):
संयुक्त अरब अमीरात के राष्ट्रपति शेख मोहम्मद बिन जायद अल नाहयान ने प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी के निमंत्रण पर 19 जनवरी, 2026 को भारत की यात्रा की।

UAE President Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed’s Official Visit to India (19 January 2026)

President of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, visited India on January 19, 2026, at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The visit marked his third official trip as UAE President and reinforced the growing depth of the India-UAE Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

🌍 Context of the Visit

  • Date: January 19, 2026
  • Occasion: Official state visit at the invitation of PM Narendra Modi.
  • Significance: Fifth visit to India in the last decade, reflecting strong bilateral ties.
  • Backdrop: The visit came amid global geopolitical uncertainty, including tensions in West Asia and shifting global alliances.

🤝 Key Outcomes

  • Agreements Signed:
  • Nuclear Energy Cooperation: Strengthening collaboration in peaceful nuclear technologies.
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI): Joint initiatives to advance AI research and applications.
  • Counter-Terrorism: Enhanced cooperation to combat extremism and terrorism.
  • Satellite Manufacturing: Partnership to develop advanced space and defence capabilities.
  • Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Both leaders reaffirmed the steady growth of this framework over the past decade.

Nitin Nabin Becomes Youngest National President of BJP in Unopposed Election

Nitin Nabin has been elected unopposed as the new National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), formally taking charge on January 20, 2026.

Youngest Leader: At 45 years old, he becomes the youngest person ever to lead the BJP.

Wide Support: His nomination was backed by senior BJP leaders including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Amit Shah, Rajnath Singh and the outgoing president J.P. Nadda, reflecting strong internal consensus.

Political Background: Nitin Nabin is a five-term MLA from Bihar and has served as minister in the Bihar government before rising through the BJP organisational ranks.

Strategic Shift: His appointment is widely seen as a generational shift and a strategic move to energise the party ahead of future elections.

World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos : January 19–23, 2026

The World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland is a global gathering where leaders from politics, business, academia, and civil society meet annually to discuss pressing global challenges and shape future solutions.

🌍 Overview

  • Location: Davos, Switzerland, in the Swiss Alps.
  • Event: Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum.
  • Participants: Around 2,500–3,000 leaders from over 130 countries.
  • Theme (2026): “A Spirit of Dialogue” – emphasizing collaboration, trust, and innovation.
  • Dates: January 19–23, 2026.

🎯 Purpose

  • Global Cooperation: Provides a neutral platform for dialogue on geopolitics, trade, technology, and sustainability.
  • Problem-Solving: Tackles issues like climate change, economic inequality, technological disruption, and global security.
  • Networking: Encourages partnerships between governments, businesses, and NGOs.
  • Agenda Setting: Influences international policy directions and corporate strategies.

👥 Key Attendees

  • Political Leaders: Presidents, prime ministers, and ministers from major economies.
  • Business Executives: CEOs of multinational corporations.
  • Civil Society: NGOs, academics, and cultural leaders.
  • Notable 2026 Speakers: French President Emmanuel Macron, EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, and Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng.

Current Affairs MCQs : 19 January 2026

Q. Under which Act was the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) constituted in 2006?
राष्ट्रीय आपदा मोचन बल (NDRF) का गठन वर्ष 2006 में किस अधिनियम के तहत किया गया था?

A) Civil Defence Act / नागरिक सुरक्षा अधिनियम
B) Disaster Management Act / आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम
C) Indian Penal Code / भारतीय दंड संहिता
D) Environmental Protection Act / पर्यावरण संरक्षण अधिनियम

Show Answer
✅ Answer: B) Disaster Management Act / आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम

Explanation (English):
The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) was constituted in 2006 under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. NDRF Raising Day is celebrated every year on 19 January.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
राष्ट्रीय आपदा मोचन बल (NDRF) का गठन वर्ष 2006 में आपदा प्रबंधन अधिनियम, 2005 के अंतर्गत किया गया था। NDRF स्थापना दिवस हर वर्ष 19 जनवरी को मनाया जाता है।

Q. What is the primary purpose of the “Board of Peace” in Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan announced in January 2026?
जनवरी 2026 में घोषित ट्रंप के गाज़ा शांति योजना में “बोर्ड ऑफ पीस” का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

A) To oversee military operations in Gaza
गाज़ा में सैन्य अभियानों की निगरानी
B) To supervise technocratic governance and reconstruction
तकनीकी शासन और पुनर्निर्माण की निगरानी
C) To expand trade relations with Gaza
गाज़ा के साथ व्यापार संबंधों का विस्तार
D) To establish a new political party
एक नई राजनीतिक पार्टी की स्थापना

Show Answer
✅ Answer: B) To supervise technocratic governance and reconstruction
(तकनीकी शासन और पुनर्निर्माण की निगरानी)

Explanation (English):
The “Board of Peace” is part of Phase Two of Trump’s Gaza Peace Plan, focusing on demilitarisation, technocratic governance, and reconstruction.

व्याख्या (Hindi):
“बोर्ड ऑफ पीस” ट्रंप की गाज़ा शांति योजना के दूसरे चरण का हिस्सा है, जिसका उद्देश्य निरस्त्रीकरण, तकनीकी शासन और पुनर्निर्माण पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना है।

Q. India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train flagged off on 17 January 2026 operates between which two stations?
17 जनवरी 2026 को शुरू की गई भारत की पहली वंदे भारत स्लीपर ट्रेन किन दो स्टेशनों के बीच चलती है?

a) Mumbai – Ahmedabad / मुंबई – अहमदाबाद
b) Howrah – Guwahati (Kamakhya) / हावड़ा – गुवाहाटी (कामाख्या)
c) Delhi – Varanasi / दिल्ली – वाराणसी
d) Chennai – Bengaluru / चेन्नई – बेंगलुरु

Show Answer
✅ Answer: b) Howrah – Guwahati (Kamakhya)

Explanation (English):
Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train on 17 January 2026, connecting Howrah with Guwahati (Kamakhya).

व्याख्या (Hindi):
प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने 17 जनवरी 2026 को भारत की पहली वंदे भारत स्लीपर ट्रेन को हावड़ा से गुवाहाटी (कामाख्या) के बीच रवाना किया।

India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train between Howrah & Guwahati

On 17 January, Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off India’s first Vande Bharat Sleeper Train between Howrah and Guwahati (Kamakhya) from Malda Town railway station, and also virtually launched the Guwahati–Howrah service.

The fully air-conditioned sleeper version of Vande Bharat aims to provide airline-like comfort at economical fares, making long-distance travel faster, safer and more convenient for passengers such as students, professionals, migrant workers, traders, and pilgrims.

The semi-high-speed train can run up to 180 km/h and has 16 modern coaches with a capacity of 823 passengers.

Trump Announces “Board of Peace” for Gaza Plan’s Second Phase

Donald Trump has announced the creation of a new international “Board of Peace” as part of Phase Two of his Gaza Peace Plan, shifting focus from ceasefire arrangements to demilitarisation, technocratic governance, and reconstruction.

🌍 Background of the Gaza Peace Plan

  • Origin: The Gaza Peace Plan was first unveiled in September 2025 as a 20-point roadmap aimed at ending the prolonged conflict in Gaza.
  • Phase One: Focused on achieving a ceasefire and stabilizing immediate hostilities.
  • Phase Two: Moves towards long-term governance, reconstruction, and demilitarisation, with the newly formed Board of Peace at its core.

🏛️ The Board of Peace

  • Announcement: On 15 January 2026, Trump declared the formation of the Board of Peace, calling it “the greatest and most prestigious board ever assembled.”
  • Leadership: Trump himself is expected to serve as Chairman of the Board.
  • Membership: Countries including Egypt, Turkey, Qatar, and potentially India have been invited to join. India has received an official invitation but has yet to respond.
  • Mandate: The Board will supervise a Palestinian technocratic committee tasked with managing day-to-day governance in Gaza, ensuring neutrality and efficiency.

⚖️ Objectives of Phase Two

  • Demilitarisation: Secure agreements with Hamas to relinquish military control.
  • Governance: Support a technocratic Palestinian government free from factional politics.
  • Reconstruction: Oversee rebuilding of infrastructure, civil institutions, and public services.
  • International Oversight: Provide legitimacy and global backing through participation of multiple nations.

National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Raising Day : 19 January

NDRF Raising Day is celebrated every year on 19 January to honor the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), India’s premier disaster management unit formed in 2006 under the Disaster Management Act. It is a day of gratitude, pride, and reflection on the force’s lifesaving contributions.

🌐 Background and Significance

  • Formation: The NDRF was established in 2006 as a specialized force to respond to natural and man-made disasters.
  • Purpose: It was created to provide a dedicated, professional, and swift response to emergencies like floods, earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, and industrial accidents.
  • Raising Day: Observed annually on 19 January, it commemorates the inception of the force and highlights its achievements.

🚨 Structure and Deployment

  • Battalions: The NDRF currently has 16 battalions, drawn from paramilitary forces such as BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, and SSB.
  • Locations: These battalions are strategically based at 68 locations across India, chosen according to vulnerability and disaster-prone zones.
  • Specialization: Personnel are trained in search and rescue, medical aid, chemical and nuclear disaster response, and community awareness programs.

Current Affairs MCQs : 17 January 2026

Q. Who has been appointed as Vigilance Commissioner in the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in January 2026?
जनवरी 2026 में केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) के सतर्कता आयुक्त के रूप में किसे नियुक्त किया गया है?

A) Rakesh Asthana / राकेश अस्थाना
B) Praveen Vashista / प्रवीण वशिष्ठ
C) Rajiv Gauba / राजीव गौबा
D) Ajit Doval / अजीत डोभाल

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer: B) Praveen Vashista / प्रवीण वशिष्ठ

Explanation (English):
Praveen Vashista, a 1991-batch IPS officer of the Bihar cadre, was appointed as Vigilance Commissioner in the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). He took the oath of office on 16 January 2026, completing the three-member structure of the Commission.

व्याख्या (हिंदी):
बिहार कैडर के 1991 बैच के आईपीएस अधिकारी प्रवीण वशिष्ठ को केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग (CVC) में सतर्कता आयुक्त नियुक्त किया गया। उन्होंने 16 जनवरी 2026 को पद की शपथ ली, जिससे आयोग की तीन-सदस्यीय संरचना पूर्ण हुई।

Q. Which officer was appointed as the Director General of the Border Security Force (BSF) on 14 January 2026?
14 जनवरी 2026 को सीमा सुरक्षा बल (BSF) के महानिदेशक के रूप में किस अधिकारी को नियुक्त किया गया?

A) Praveen Kumar / प्रवीण कुमार
B) Rakesh Aggarwal / राकेश अग्रवाल
C) Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor / शत्रुजीत सिंह कपूर
D) Sadanand Vasant Date / सदानंद वसंत दाते

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer: A) Praveen Kumar / प्रवीण कुमार

Explanation (English):
On 14 January 2026, the Government of India appointed new Director Generals for three major security agencies — the Border Security Force (BSF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and the National Investigation Agency (NIA). Praveen Kumar was appointed as the DG of BSF.

व्याख्या (हिंदी):
14 जनवरी 2026 को भारत सरकार ने तीन प्रमुख सुरक्षा एजेंसियों — सीमा सुरक्षा बल (BSF), भारत-तिब्बत सीमा पुलिस (ITBP) और राष्ट्रीय जांच एजेंसी (NIA) — के नए महानिदेशकों की नियुक्ति की। BSF के महानिदेशक के रूप में प्रवीण कुमार को नियुक्त किया गया।

New DGs Appointed for BSF, ITBP & NIA

On 14 January 2026, the Government of India appointed new Director Generals (DGs) for three key security agencies — the Border Security Force (BSF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and the National Investigation Agency (NIA).

  • Praveen Kumar (1993-batch IPS, West Bengal cadre) was moved from ITBP to BSF, bringing strong expertise in border management and internal security.
  • Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor, former DGP Haryana, was appointed as DG, ITBP, enhancing leadership for India’s Himalayan border security.
  • Rakesh Aggarwal (1994-batch IPS, Himachal Pradesh cadre) became DG, NIA, strengthening counter-terrorism operations due to his specialized experience and prior role in the agency.

Praveen Vashista Appointed as Vigilance Commissioner in Central Vigilance Commission

Praveen Vashista, a 1991-batch IPS officer of the Bihar cadre, has been appointed as Vigilance Commissioner in the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). He took oath of office on 16 January 2026, completing the three-member structure of the Commission.

  • The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 mandates one Central Vigilance Commissioner and two Vigilance Commissioners.
  • Vigilance Commissioners serve a four-year term or until the age of 65, whichever comes first.
  • Vashista’s appointment was cleared by the Prime Minister-led selection committee in December 2025.
  • The appointment was formally made by President Droupadi Murmu through a warrant issued on 12 December 2025.

Current Affairs MCQs : 16 January 2026

Q. Startup India, a national programme aimed at nurturing innovation, promoting entrepreneurship, and enabling investment-driven growth, was officially launched on which date?
स्टार्टअप इंडिया, जो नवाचार को बढ़ावा देने, उद्यमिता को प्रोत्साहित करने और निवेश-आधारित विकास को सक्षम बनाने के उद्देश्य से शुरू किया गया एक राष्ट्रीय कार्यक्रम है, आधिकारिक रूप से किस तारीख को शुरू किया गया था?

a) 26 January 2015 / 26 जनवरी 2015
b) 16 January 2016 / 16 जनवरी 2016
c) 2 October 2014 / 2 अक्टूबर 2014
d) 15 August 2017 / 15 अगस्त 2017

Show Answer
Answer / उत्तर: b) 16 January 2016 / 16 जनवरी 2016

Explanation / व्याख्या:
Startup India was launched on 16 January 2016 and has completed a decade of transforming India into a major global startup hub.
स्टार्टअप इंडिया की शुरुआत 16 जनवरी 2016 को हुई थी और इसने भारत को एक प्रमुख वैश्विक स्टार्टअप हब बनाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है।
It shifted India from a nation of job seekers to job creators and is celebrated every year as National Startup Day (16 January).
इस पहल ने भारत को नौकरी खोजने वाले देश से नौकरी देने वाला देश बनाया और हर वर्ष राष्ट्रीय स्टार्टअप दिवस (16 जनवरी) के रूप में मनाया जाता है।

Q. Which two EU leaders will be the Chief Guests at India’s 77th Republic Day celebrations?
भारत के 77वें गणतंत्र दिवस समारोह में मुख्य अतिथि के रूप में कौन-से दो यूरोपीय संघ (EU) नेता शामिल होंगे?

a) Charles Michel and Josep Borrell
b) António Luís Santos da Costa and Ursula von der Leyen
c) Mario Draghi and Christine Lagarde
d) Olaf Scholz and Roberta Metsola

Show Answer
Correct Answer / सही उत्तर: b) António Luís Santos da Costa and Ursula von der Leyen

Explanation / व्याख्या:
The President of the European Council, António Luís Santos da Costa, and the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, will be the Chief Guests at India’s 77th Republic Day celebrations on 26 January at Kartavya Path.
यूरोपीय परिषद के अध्यक्ष एंतोनियो लुईस सैंटोस दा कोस्टा और यूरोपीय आयोग की अध्यक्ष उर्सुला वॉन डेर लेयेन भारत के 77वें गणतंत्र दिवस समारोह (26 जनवरी, कर्तव्य पथ) में मुख्य अतिथि होंगे।

EU Leaders to be Chief Guests at India’s 77th Republic Day

The President of the European Council António Luís Santos da Costa and the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen will be the Chief Guests at India’s 77th Republic Day celebrations on 26 January at Kartavyapath. They are visiting India at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and will be on a three-day State Visit from 25 January.

During their visit, both leaders will also co-chair the 16th India-EU Summit on 27 January, meet President Droupadi Murmu, and hold delegation-level talks with Prime Minister Modi. An India-EU Business Forum is planned on the sidelines of the Summit.

India and the European Union have been strategic partners since 2004, with the last (15th) India-EU Summit held virtually in July 2020. Bilateral ties have strengthened across multiple areas, especially after the EU College of Commissioners visited India in February last year. The Republic Day participation and the upcoming Summit are expected to further deepen the India-EU Strategic Partnership and expand cooperation in priority sectors of mutual interest.

Startup India – 10-Year Summary (2016–2026)

Startup India, launched on January 16, 2016, has completed a decade of transforming India into a major global startup hub. The initiative helped India shift from a nation of job seekers to job creators, enabling a massive entrepreneurial wave celebrated annually on National Startup Day (January 16).

Key Outcomes

  • Ecosystem Growth: Startups expanded from ~350 in 2016 to 2.10 lakh+ recognized ventures.
  • Unicorn Surge: India now has 120+ unicorns valued at around $350 billion, ranking as the 3rd-largest startup ecosystem globally.
  • Inclusive Expansion: Strong growth in Tier-II & Tier-III cities with rising women-led ventures.
  • Employment Engine: Startups generated millions of jobs across tech and non-tech sectors.
  • Policy Support: DPIIT-led measures like tax incentives, funding schemes, incubation, and simplified compliance accelerated innovation.

10-Year Impact Areas

  • Innovation: Boosted sectors like AI, fintech, edtech, agritech, healthtech.
  • Economy: Enhanced GDP contribution and drew significant global investments.
  • Global Standing: Positioned India as a leading startup powerhouse.
  • Social Impact: Catalyzed solutions in healthcare, education, agriculture, sustainability.

Future Direction

The initiative is now focusing on AI, deep tech, sustainability, and aligning with India’s long-term vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

Conclusion

A decade of Startup India marks a major entrepreneurial revolution, democratizing opportunities from metros to small towns. The next decade aims to deepen technological leadership, inclusiveness, and global competitiveness.

Current Affairs MCQs : 15 January 2026

Q. Army Day commemorates the appointment of which officer as India’s first Commander-in-Chief?
सेना दिवस भारत के पहले कमांडर-इन-चीफ के रूप में किस अधिकारी की नियुक्ति की स्मृति में मनाया जाता है?

A) Sam Manekshaw
B) K.S. Thimayya
C) K.M. Cariappa
D) Bipin Rawat

Show Answer
Answer / उत्तर: C) K.M. Cariappa

Explanation / व्याख्या:
The 78th Army Day was celebrated on 15 January 2026 in Jaipur, commemorating the 1949 appointment of Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.
78वां सेना दिवस 15 जनवरी 2026 को जयपुर में मनाया गया, जो 1949 में फील्ड मार्शल के.एम. करिअप्पा की भारतीय सेना के पहले भारतीय कमांडर-इन-चीफ के रूप में नियुक्ति की याद में है।

Q. In which Middle East country were widespread anti-government protests held in December 2025 and January 2026 due to economic hardships and soaring prices?
दिसंबर 2025 और जनवरी 2026 में आर्थिक संकट और बढ़ती महंगाई के कारण किस मध्य पूर्वी देश में व्यापक सरकार-विरोधी प्रदर्शन हुए?

A) Saudi Arabia
B) Iran
C) Turkey
D) Egypt

Show Answer
Answer / उत्तर: B) Iran

Explanation / व्याख्या:
In January 2026, Iran witnessed its most serious unrest since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The protests began in late December 2025 over economic hardships and rising prices, and later expanded into nationwide anti-government demonstrations against the clerical leadership.
जनवरी 2026 में, ईरान में 1979 की इस्लामिक क्रांति के बाद का सबसे गंभीर जनआंदोलन देखा गया। ये प्रदर्शन दिसंबर 2025 के अंत में आर्थिक कठिनाइयों और महंगाई के कारण शुरू हुए और बाद में धार्मिक नेतृत्व के खिलाफ देशव्यापी सरकार-विरोधी आंदोलनों में बदल गए।

Iran Unrest 2026: Nationwide Protests and Global Reactions

In January 2026, Iran is experiencing its most serious unrest since the 1979 Revolution, with nationwide anti-government protests that began in late December 2025 over economic hardships and quickly turned into widespread dissent against the clerical leadership. The protests have spread to over 250 locations in 27 provinces.

The government’s response has been violent, with human rights groups reporting over 2,000 deaths and over 16,000 arrests, and organizations like Amnesty International accusing security forces, including the IRGC, of using live ammunition and brutality against largely peaceful demonstrators.

Iran’s leaders claim the protests are driven by foreign interference, blaming the U.S. and Israel, while warning of possible retaliation in the region. Meanwhile, the United States, under President Donald Trump, has condemned the crackdown and threatened strong measures, while the United Nations has called for restraint.

The crisis is fueled by a mix of economic collapse, political dissatisfaction, regional tensions, and human rights abuses. The situation remains volatile, posing risks of domestic instability, potential Iran–U.S. confrontation, and broader regional economic impacts.

Army Day 2026 Celebrated in Jaipur

The 78th Army Day was celebrated on 15 January 2026 in Jaipur, commemorating the 1949 appointment of Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief. The 2026 theme, “Year of Networking and Data Centricity,” highlighted the Army’s focus on modernization, digital integration, and network-centric warfare.

For the first time, the parade was held outside a cantonment, at Mahal Road, Jagatpura, featuring combat demonstrations, modern equipment, and the debut of the Bhairav Battalion, along with a “Know Your Army” exhibition.

Army Day honors soldiers’ sacrifices, strengthens national pride, and showcases the Army’s roles in defense, disaster relief, peacekeeping, and nation-building. The celebration blends tradition with modernization, reflecting India’s journey toward self-reliance in defense.

BRICS India 2026: Marking 20 Years of the Grouping

India will host the 18th BRICS Summit in 2026, marking the 20th anniversary of the grouping. With the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation, and Sustainability”, India’s presidency emphasizes a humanity-first, people-centric approach to global welfare.

🌍 BRICS India 2026: An Overview

  • BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) was formed in 2006 and has since expanded to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE, and Indonesia.
  • The 2026 summit in New Delhi coincides with the 20th anniversary of BRICS, making it a milestone event.
  • India assumed the chairmanship on 1 January 2026, succeeding Brazil.

🎯 Theme & Vision

  • Theme: “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation, and Sustainability”.
  • Guiding principle: Humanity-first, people-centric approach.
  • Focus areas:
    • Resilience: Strengthening capacities to withstand global challenges.
    • Innovation: Promoting digital public infrastructure, fintech, AI, and emerging technologies.
    • Cooperation: Enhancing collaboration among diverse economies.
    • Sustainability: Ensuring inclusive and eco-friendly development.

🪷 Symbolism

  • Logo: A lotus with a Namaste gesture, chosen through a national contest.
    • Lotus = resilience and heritage.
    • Petals = colours of BRICS nations, symbolizing unity.
    • Namaste = India’s cultural ethos of respect and harmony.

Current Affairs MCQs : 14 January 2026

Q. The name “Lohri” is believed by many to be a combination of which two traditional food words?
“लोहड़ी” नाम किन दो पारंपरिक खाद्य शब्दों के मेल से बना माना जाता है?

A) Ladoo and Rorhi (लड्डू और रोरही)
B) Til and Rorhi (तिल और रोरही)
C) Loh and Ri (लोह और री)
D) Gur and Rewri (गुड़ और रेवड़ी)

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer / सही उत्तर:
B) Til and Rorhi (तिल और रोरही)
(Til means sesame seeds and Rorhi means jaggery | तिल = तिलहन, रोरही = गुड़)

📌 Explanation / व्याख्या:
Lohri is a popular harvest and winter festival celebrated mainly in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and North India. It is observed every year on 13 January.
लोहड़ी एक प्रमुख फसल और शीतकालीन पर्व है, जो मुख्यतः पंजाब, हरियाणा, हिमाचल प्रदेश और उत्तर भारत में मनाया जाता है। यह हर वर्ष 13 जनवरी को मनाया जाता है।

Q. Armed Forces Veterans’ Day (14 January) marks the retirement anniversary of which military leader?
सशस्त्र बल वयोवृद्ध दिवस (14 जनवरी) किस सैन्य नेता की सेवानिवृत्ति की वर्षगांठ को चिह्नित करता है?

A) General Bipin Rawat (जनरल बिपिन रावत)
B) Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw (फील्ड मार्शल सैम मानेकशॉ)
C) Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa (फील्ड मार्शल के.एम. करियप्पा)
D) General K.S. Thimayya (जनरल के.एस. थिमय्या)

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer / सही उत्तर:
C) Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa

📌 Explanation / व्याख्या:
Armed Forces Veterans’ Day is observed every year on 14 January to honour the service, sacrifice, and contributions of India’s military veterans.
सशस्त्र बल वयोवृद्ध दिवस हर वर्ष 14 जनवरी को भारतीय सैन्य वयोवृद्धों की सेवा, बलिदान और योगदान के सम्मान में मनाया जाता है।

This day marks the retirement anniversary of Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa in 1953.
यह दिवस 1953 में फील्ड मार्शल के.एम. करियप्पा की सेवानिवृत्ति की स्मृति में मनाया जाता है। [/su_spoiler]

Q. India will host the 18th BRICS Summit in 2026. Which of the following is the official theme of India’s presidency?

प्रश्न: भारत 2026 में 18वें ब्रिक्स शिखर सम्मेलन की मेजबानी करेगा। भारत की अध्यक्षता का आधिकारिक विषय क्या है?

A. Global South: Unity and Prosperity
A. वैश्विक दक्षिण: एकता और समृद्धि

B. Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation, and Sustainability
B. लचीलापन, नवाचार, सहयोग और सततता के लिए निर्माण

C. Digital Future for Inclusive Growth
C. समावेशी विकास के लिए डिजिटल भविष्य

D. Humanity First: Peace and Progress
D. मानवता प्रथम: शांति और प्रगति

Show Answer
✅ Correct Answer / सही उत्तर:
B. Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation, and Sustainability

📌 Explanation / व्याख्या:
India will host the 18th BRICS Summit in 2026, which will also mark the 20th anniversary of the BRICS grouping. India’s presidency theme focuses on strengthening resilience, innovation, cooperation, and sustainability among BRICS nations.

भारत 2026 में 18वें ब्रिक्स शिखर सम्मेलन की मेजबानी करेगा, जो ब्रिक्स समूह की 20वीं वर्षगांठ भी होगी। भारत की अध्यक्षता का विषय सदस्य देशों के बीच लचीलापन, नवाचार, सहयोग और सतत विकास को सशक्त करने पर केंद्रित है।

Armed Forces Veterans’ Day (14 January)

Armed Forces Veterans’ Day is observed every year on 14 January to honour the service, sacrifice, and contributions of India’s military veterans. The day marks the retirement anniversary of Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa in 1953, the first Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army after Independence, making it a symbolic tribute to the armed forces.

The observance aims to recognize veterans of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, support Veer Naris (war widows) and families of ex-servicemen, and strengthen the bond between serving personnel and retired soldiers. Events are held nationwide through Rajya and Zila Sainik Boards, featuring rallies, welfare help desks, grievance counters, and wreath-laying ceremonies. Major gatherings often take place in Delhi Cantonment (Manekshaw Centre), Pune, and other military stations.

Lohri Festival: Harvest Celebration of North India

Lohri is a popular harvest and winter festival celebrated mainly in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and parts of North India. It is observed every year on 13 January and marks the end of the winter solstice and the beginning of longer, warmer days.

Traditionally associated with the Rabi (winter) crop harvest, especially sugarcane, sesame, and mustard, Lohri holds special significance for farming communities. A central feature of the festival is the bonfire, around which people gather in the evening to offer rewri, peanuts, popcorn, and sesame (til) to the flames while singing folk songs and performing bhangra and gidda.

Lohri also symbolizes new beginnings, and in many families, it is celebrated with great joy for newlywed couples and newborn children. Overall, Lohri reflects the cultural spirit of gratitude, community bonding, and agricultural prosperity in North India.

Current Affairs MCQs : 13 January 2026

Q. Which film won the Golden Globe for Best Movie – Drama in 2026?
2026 में सर्वश्रेष्ठ ड्रामा फ़िल्म के लिए गोल्डन ग्लोब किस फ़िल्म को मिला?

A) The Revenant
B) Hamnet
C) Marty Supreme
D) One Battle After Another

Show Answer
✅ Answer / उत्तर: B) Hamnet
Explanation (EN): Hamnet won the Golden Globe for Best Movie – Drama at the 2026 awards.
व्याख्या (HI): Hamnet ने 2026 गोल्डन ग्लोब अवॉर्ड्स में सर्वश्रेष्ठ ड्रामा फ़िल्म का पुरस्कार जीता।

Q. Which film won the Golden Globe for Best Movie – Musical or Comedy in 2026?
2026 में सर्वश्रेष्ठ म्यूज़िकल या कॉमेडी फ़िल्म के लिए गोल्डन ग्लोब किसे मिला?

A) Marty Supreme
B) K-Pop Demon Hunters
C) One Battle After Another
D) Barbie

Show Answer
✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) One Battle After Another
Explanation (EN): The dark comedy One Battle After Another won Best Movie – Musical or Comedy.
व्याख्या (HI): डार्क कॉमेडी फ़िल्म One Battle After Another ने सर्वश्रेष्ठ म्यूज़िकल/कॉमेडी फ़िल्म का गोल्डन ग्लोब जीता।

Q. Who is the Chancellor of Germany who visited India in January 2026 to strengthen bilateral strategic relations?
जनवरी 2026 में भारत की यात्रा पर आए जर्मनी के चांसलर कौन हैं?

A) Olaf Scholz
B) Friedrich Merz
C) Angela Merkel
D) Frank-Walter Steinmeier

Show Answer
✅ Answer / उत्तर: B) Friedrich Merz
Explanation (EN): German Chancellor Friedrich Merz visited India on January 12–13, 2026, to strengthen strategic ties.
व्याख्या (HI): जर्मनी के चांसलर फ़्रेडरिक मर्ज़ ने 12–13 जनवरी 2026 को भारत की आधिकारिक यात्रा की, जिसका उद्देश्य द्विपक्षीय रणनीतिक संबंधों को मज़बूत करना था।

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz Makes First Official Visit to India

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz arrived in India for his first official visit on January 12–13, 2026, at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The visit aims to strengthen the India–Germany Strategic Partnership, with a focus on trade, defence, technology, education, and cultural diplomacy.

During the visit, Merz engaged in cultural events such as visiting the Sabarmati Ashram and attending the International Kite Festival in Ahmedabad. Formal bilateral discussions were held at Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, covering cooperation in investment, skilling, green technologies, and innovation. The Chancellor also visited Bengaluru, emphasizing collaboration in science and advanced technology.

Merz was accompanied by a German business delegation, indicating a push toward deeper economic engagement. The visit carries wider geopolitical relevance as it precedes the India–EU Summit on January 27, 2026, where progress on the long-pending India–EU Free Trade Agreement is expected.

The trip takes place against the backdrop of 25 years of the India–Germany Strategic Partnership, reflecting shared goals in global governance, sustainability, and Indo-Pacific security. For India, the engagement offers access to German technology and industry, while Germany seeks a stronger foothold in Asia’s fastest-growing major economy.

Golden Globes 2026: “One Battle After Another” & “Hamnet” Win Top Honors

At the 2026 Golden Globe Awards, dark comedy “One Battle After Another” and the Shakespeare-inspired drama “Hamnet” won the top film honors, taking best movie musical or comedy and best movie drama, respectively. Timothee Chalamet won best male actor in a movie musical or comedy for his role as a professional table tennis player in “Marty Supreme,” defeating major contenders such as Leonardo DiCaprio and George Clooney.

In new and notable categories, “Good Hang with Amy Poehler” earned the podcast award, while “Golden” from Netflix’s K-Pop Demon Hunters won best original song. Host Nikki Glaser kept the night light-hearted with playful jokes about Hollywood stars, including DiCaprio.

The Golden Globes are one of the first major events of Hollywood’s 2026 awards season, preceding the Academy Awards in March. While Globes voters (entertainment journalists) do not influence the Oscars, the wins often boost visibility for potential contenders.

Greenland: Geopolitics, Geography & History

Greenland, the world’s largest island, is a self-governing territory under the Kingdom of Denmark and has become strategically important due to its Arctic location, mineral resources, and geopolitical relevance. Positioned near newly emerging Arctic shipping routes, it has attracted interest from the US, Russia, and China. The island hosts important Western military installations, including the US Thule Air Base, making it crucial for NATO’s Arctic defense strategy.

Greenland debates greater autonomy and potential independence, but continues to rely heavily on Danish financial subsidies, despite efforts to build economic self-sufficiency through sectors like rare earth mineral extraction, which could reduce global dependence on China. The island is also central to climate research, as the Greenland Ice Sheet, covering about 80% of its surface, is melting rapidly; a full melt would raise global sea levels by roughly 7 meters.

Geographically, Greenland spans 2.16 million sq km, lies largely within the Arctic Circle, and has a polar climate. Its population of roughly 56,500—primarily Inuit—lives along coastal ice-free zones, with Nuuk serving as the capital. Historically, Greenland was settled by Inuit peoples, later colonized by Norse Vikings, and became a Danish colony in the 18th century. Denmark granted Home Rule in 1979 and Self-Government in 2009, allowing Greenland control over domestic affairs while Denmark oversees defense and foreign policy. The independence movement continues, but economic challenges remain a key constraint.

Q. Greenland is a self-governing territory under the sovereignty of which country?
A) Norway
B) Denmark
C) Iceland
D) Canada
Answer: B) Denmark
Greenland, the world’s largest island, is a self-governing territory under the Kingdom of Denmark and has become strategically important due to its Arctic location, mineral resources, and geopolitical relevance.

Current Affairs MCQs : 12 January 2026

Q. National Youth Day is observed every year on 12 January to mark the birth anniversary of which Indian personality?
राष्ट्रीय युवा दिवस हर वर्ष 12 जनवरी को किस भारतीय महान व्यक्तित्व की जयंती के उपलक्ष्य में मनाया जाता है?

A) Mahatma Gandhi / महात्मा गांधी
B) Bhagat Singh / भगत सिंह
C) Subhas Chandra Bose / सुभाष चंद्र बोस
D) Swami Vivekananda / स्वामी विवेकानंद

Show Answer
✅ Answer: D) Swami Vivekananda / स्वामी विवेकानंद

📌 National Youth Day is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda, a great spiritual leader, philosopher, and youth icon of India.
📌 राष्ट्रीय युवा दिवस भारत के महान आध्यात्मिक गुरु, दार्शनिक और युवा प्रेरणा स्रोत स्वामी विवेकानंद की जयंती के उपलक्ष्य में मनाया जाता है।

Q. What is the primary payload carried by ISRO’s PSLV-C62 mission launched on 12 January 2026?
12 जनवरी 2026 को प्रक्षेपित ISRO के PSLV-C62 मिशन का मुख्य पेलोड क्या था?

A) CARTOSAT-3
B) EOS-N1 (Anvesha)
C) RISAT-2BR2
D) INSAT-3D

Show Answer
✅ Answer: B) EOS-N1 (Anvesha)

📌 ISRO successfully launched the PSLV-C62 / EOS-N1 mission from Sriharikota. EOS-N1 (Anvesha), developed by DRDO, is a strategic Earth observation satellite capable of high-precision imaging.
📌 ISRO ने श्रीहरिकोटा से PSLV-C62 / EOS-N1 मिशन का सफल प्रक्षेपण किया। DRDO द्वारा विकसित EOS-N1 (अन्वेषा) एक रणनीतिक पृथ्वी अवलोकन उपग्रह है जो उच्च-सटीकता इमेजिंग में सक्षम है।

Q. Greenland is a self-governing territory under the sovereignty of which country?
ग्रीनलैंड किस देश की संप्रभुता के अंतर्गत एक स्वशासित क्षेत्र है?

A) Norway / नॉर्वे
B) Denmark / डेनमार्क
C) Iceland / आइसलैंड
D) Canada / कनाडा

Show Answer
✅ Answer: B) Denmark / डेनमार्क

📌 Greenland is a self-governing territory under the Kingdom of Denmark and holds major strategic importance due to its Arctic location and mineral resources.
📌 ग्रीनलैंड डेनमार्क साम्राज्य के अंतर्गत एक स्वशासित क्षेत्र है और अपनी आर्कटिक स्थिति व खनिज संसाधनों के कारण रणनीतिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है।

PSLV-C62 Mission Launched: Reports Anomaly During Third Stage

The PSLV-C62 mission, the 64th flight of India’s PSLV launch vehicle, lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota on 12 January 2026, carrying the Earth Observation Satellite EOS-N1 (Anvesha) along with 14 commercial payloads. The mission was executed by NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) and marked the ninth dedicated commercial launch, with strategic support from DRDO, which developed the EOS-N1 for high-precision imaging. The rocket also carried satellites from both domestic and international customers, including seven from Hyderabad-based Dhruva Space, making it a milestone for India’s private space sector.

However, the mission experienced an anomaly near the end of the third (PS3) stage, where the vehicle reported higher roll disturbances and a flight path deviation. ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan confirmed that the PSLV’s performance up to the PS3 stage was nominal and that data is currently being analysed to assess the impact of the anomaly.

National Youth Day 2026: Celebrating Swami Vivekananda’s Legacy

National Youth Day is observed every year on 12 January in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda, one of the country’s greatest spiritual leaders, philosophers, and youth icons. The day aims to inspire young people to follow his ideals of character-building, knowledge, discipline, and nation-building.

📅 Historical Background

  • In 1984, the Government of India declared 12 January as National Youth Day.
  • The first official celebration took place on 12 January 1985.
  • The decision was based on Swami Vivekananda’s lasting influence on youth empowerment and his contribution to Indian thought and culture.

👤 About Swami Vivekananda

  • Born: 12 January 1863, Kolkata
  • Original Name: Narendranath Datta
  • Key Contribution: Introduced Indian philosophy and Vedanta to the Western world through his iconic speech at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago (1893).
  • Mission: Awakening spiritual and social consciousness; service to humanity.
  • Legacy Organizations: Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math

Current Affairs MCQs : 10 January 2026

Q. Which two cities hosted Women’s Premier League (WPL) 2026 matches from January 9 to February 5, 2026?
महिला प्रीमियर लीग (WPL) 2026 के मैच 9 जनवरी से 5 फरवरी 2026 तक किन दो शहरों में आयोजित किए गए?

A) Delhi & Pune / दिल्ली और पुणे
B) Mumbai & Ahmedabad / मुंबई और अहमदाबाद
C) Navi Mumbai & Vadodara / नवी मुंबई और वडोदरा
D) Jaipur & Kolkata / जयपुर और कोलकाता

Show Answer
✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) Navi Mumbai & Vadodara / नवी मुंबई और वडोदरा

Explanation (EN):
The Women’s Premier League (WPL) 2026, the 4th edition of India’s women’s T20 league, was held from January 9 to February 5, 2026, across Navi Mumbai and Vadodara.

व्याख्या (HI):
महिला प्रीमियर लीग (WPL) 2026, भारत की शीर्ष महिला टी20 क्रिकेट लीग का चौथा संस्करण, 9 जनवरी से 5 फरवरी 2026 तक नवी मुंबई और वडोदरा में आयोजित किया गया।

Q. Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas, celebrated every year on January 9, commemorates the return of which leader to India?
प्रवासी भारतीय दिवस, जो हर वर्ष 9 जनवरी को मनाया जाता है, किस नेता की भारत वापसी की स्मृति में मनाया जाता है?

A) Jawaharlal Nehru / जवाहरलाल नेहरू
B) Subhas Chandra Bose / सुभाष चंद्र बोस
C) Mahatma Gandhi / महात्मा गांधी
D) Sardar Patel / सरदार पटेल

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✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) Mahatma Gandhi / महात्मा गांधी

Explanation (EN):
Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas is observed on January 9 to mark Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India from South Africa in 1915.

व्याख्या (HI):
प्रवासी भारतीय दिवस 9 जनवरी को महात्मा गांधी की 1915 में दक्षिण अफ्रीका से भारत वापसी की स्मृति में मनाया जाता है।

Q. The Budget Session of Parliament is important primarily because it includes:
संसद का बजट सत्र मुख्य रूप से क्यों महत्वपूर्ण होता है?

A) State Budget Presentation / राज्य बजट प्रस्तुति
B) Lok Sabha Elections / लोकसभा चुनाव
C) Economic Survey & Union Budget Presentation / आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण और केंद्रीय बजट प्रस्तुति
D) Judiciary Appointments / न्यायिक नियुक्तियाँ

Show Answer
✅ Answer / उत्तर: C) Economic Survey & Union Budget Presentation / आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण और केंद्रीय बजट प्रस्तुति

Explanation (EN):
The Budget Session of Parliament 2026 began on January 28, 2026, and runs till April 2, 2026. It includes the President’s Address, Economic Survey, and the presentation of the Union Budget.

व्याख्या (HI):
संसद का बजट सत्र 2026, 28 जनवरी से 2 अप्रैल 2026 तक आयोजित किया जा रहा है। इसमें राष्ट्रपति का अभिभाषण, आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण और केंद्रीय बजट की प्रस्तुति शामिल होती है।

Budget Session of Parliament 2026: Economic Survey & Union Budget Timeline

The Budget Session of Parliament 2026 began on January 28, 2026, and will continue until April 2, 2026, conducted in two phases. It is one of India’s most important parliamentary sessions, featuring the President’s address, the Economic Survey, and the presentation of the Union Budget.

In Phase 1 (January 28 – February 13), President Droupadi Murmu addressed the joint sitting of Parliament, followed by the presentation of the Economic Survey 2025–26 on January 29, and the Union Budget 2026–27 on February 1 by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. After a recess, Phase 2 (March 9 – April 2) will focus on discussions, departmental scrutiny, and passage of budget-related bills.

The session holds major significance as it sets the nation’s fiscal priorities, outlines economic policy direction, enables legislative business, and provides space for opposition scrutiny. Key issues include balancing fiscal targets with welfare spending, managing global economic uncertainties, and advancing reforms in infrastructure, digitalization, and social welfare.

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