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UP GK MCQs for Competitive Exams

Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge MCQs questions for Competitive Exams. Important questions practice set from previous year papers of UPSSSC exams in English.

Question 1: On which of the following dates is Uttar Pradesh Foundation Day celebrated?

A) March 10
B) January 24
C) December 21
D) June 23

Answer
Answer: B) January 24
Explanation: On January 24, 1950, the name of the United Provinces was changed to Uttar Pradesh.

Question 2: Which is the largest city in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Meerut
B) Agra
C) Kanpur
D) Varanasi

Answer
Answer: C) Kanpur
Explanation: Kanpur is the largest city in Uttar Pradesh and is also known for its industrial sector.

Question 3: What is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh?

A) Peacock
B) Sarus Crane
C) Crow
D) Pigeon

Answer
Answer: B) Sarus Crane
Explanation: The state bird of Uttar Pradesh is the ‘Sarus Crane’ (Grus antigone). It is the tallest flying bird in India, with a height of 5 to 6 feet. It can be easily recognized by its long neck, bright red head, and white wings. The Sarus Crane is mainly found in the plains of Uttar Pradesh.

Question 4: Through which of the following districts does the Ganga River flow in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Ballia
B) Prayagraj
C) Gorakhpur
D) Agra

Answer
Answer: B) Prayagraj
Explanation: In Uttar Pradesh, the Ganga and Yamuna rivers meet at Prayagraj.

Question 5: What is the state animal of Uttar Pradesh?

A) Elephant
B) Barasingha (Swamp Deer)
C) Chital (Spotted Deer)
D) Ganges Dolphin

Answer
Answer: B) Barasingha (Swamp Deer)
Explanation: The state animal of Uttar Pradesh is the ‘Barasingha’ (Swamp Deer). It is also known as the ‘Swamp Deer’ in local language. It is recognized by its long antlers, which usually have twelve or more branches. The Barasingha is mainly found in grasslands and swampy areas. Dudhwa National Park in Uttar Pradesh is famous for the conservation of Barasingha. This animal was chosen as the state animal to symbolize the state’s biodiversity and wildlife conservation efforts.

Question 6: Which is the major river of Uttar Pradesh?

A) Yamuna
B) Gomti
C) Ganga
D) Saraswati

Answer
Answer: C) Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga River is the major river of Uttar Pradesh and holds great significance in Indian culture.

Question 7: Which is the major festival of Uttar Pradesh?

A) Diwali
B) Holi
C) Makar Sankranti
D) All of the above

Answer
Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: In Uttar Pradesh, major festivals like Diwali, Holi, and Makar Sankranti are celebrated with great enthusiasm.

Question 8: Who is the current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh?

A) Akhilesh Yadav
B) Mayawati
C) Yogi Adityanath
D) Rahul Gandhi

Answer
Answer: C) Yogi Adityanath
Explanation: Yogi Adityanath is the current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. He assumed office in 2017.

Question 9: Where is the famous “Buland Darwaza” located in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Agra
B) Lucknow
C) Fatehpur Sikri
D) Varanasi

Answer
Answer: C) Fatehpur Sikri
Explanation: The famous “Buland Darwaza” is located in Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh. It was built by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1601 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. This gate is an architectural marvel and is considered the highest entrance gate in the world, standing approximately 54 meters tall. It is made of red sandstone.

Question 10: In which district of Uttar Pradesh is diamond found?

A) Banda
B) Lalitpur
C) Varanasi
D) Jaunpur

Answer
Answer: A) Banda
Explanation: Diamonds are found in Banda district, which is located in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. In Banda, diamonds are extracted from deep mines.

Question 11: Which of the following universities is located in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Indraprastha University
B) Banaras Hindu University
C) Takshashila University
D) Ambedkar University

Answer
Answer: B) Banaras Hindu University
Explanation: Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is a prominent university in Uttar Pradesh and is globally renowned.

Question 12: Where is Chaukhandi Stupa located in Uttar Pradesh?

a) Agra
b) Varanasi
c) Lucknow
d) Sarnath

Answer
Answer: d) Sarnath
Explanation: Chaukhandi Stupa is located in Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh. It is associated with Buddhism and important events in the life of Gautam Buddha.

Question 13: Which state borders Uttar Pradesh in the north?

A) Haryana
B) Bihar
C) Uttarakhand
D) Rajasthan

Answer
Answer: C) Uttarakhand
Explanation: Uttarakhand is located to the north of Uttar Pradesh.

Question 14: Which is the largest district in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Lucknow
B) Allahabad
C) Lakhimpur Kheri
D) Saharanpur

Answer
Answer: C) Lakhimpur Kheri
Explanation: Lakhimpur Kheri, situated on the India-Nepal border, is the largest district in Uttar Pradesh.

Question 15: Which major fair is held in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Kumbh Mela
B) Surajkund Mela
C) Kite Festival
D) Dussehra Fair

Answer
Answer: A) Kumbh Mela
Explanation: Kumbh Mela is held every four years in Prayagraj (Allahabad) and is the largest religious gathering in the world.

Question 16: Who founded the city of Agra?

A) Bahlol Lodi
B) Firoz Tughlaq
C) Khizr Khan
D) Sikandar Lodi

Answer
Answer: D) Sikandar Lodi
Explanation: Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra in 1504 AD. It was an important city of the Mughal Empire.

Question 17: What is the main language of Uttar Pradesh?

A) Hindi
B) Urdu
C) English
D) Punjabi

Answer
Answer: A) Hindi
Explanation: Hindi is the primary language of Uttar Pradesh and holds a significant place in the state’s governance and education system.

Question 18: What are the major industries in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Textile
B) Information Technology
C) Agriculture
D) Automobile

Answer
Answer: C) Agriculture
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh is an agriculture-based state where wheat, rice, and sugarcane are the main crops.

Question 19: In which region of Uttar Pradesh is gold found?

A) Gomti – Ghaghra Rivers
B) Gomti – Sharda Rivers
C) Sharda – Ramganga Rivers
D) Sharda – Ghaghra Rivers

Answer
Answer: C) Sharda – Ramganga Rivers

Question 20: What is the area of Uttar Pradesh?

a) 2,40,928 sq. km
b) 3,00,000 sq. km
c) 1,94,024 sq. km
d) 2,10,000 sq. km

Answer
Answer: a) 2,40,928 sq. km
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh covers an area of 2,40,928 sq. km, making it the fourth largest state in India. It shares borders with 9 states and holds significant importance in agriculture, population, and cultural heritage.

Question 21: Where is the ‘Sangam’ located in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Ganga and Yamuna
B) Ganga and Yamunashar
C) Yamuna and Saraswati
D) Ganga and Gomti

Answer
Answer: A) Ganga and Yamuna
Explanation: The confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers is known as the ‘Sangam’ and is located in Prayagraj.

Question 22: During which festival is the Kumbh Mela held in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Diwali
B) Holi
C) Magh Mela
D) Dussehra

Answer
Answer: C) Magh Mela
Explanation: Kumbh Mela is held during the month of Magh in Prayagraj and is of great religious significance.

Question 23: Which district in Uttar Pradesh is called the ‘Land of Saints’?

A) Mathura
B) Kanpur
C) Varanasi
D) Agra

Answer
Answer: C) Varanasi
Explanation: Varanasi is called the ‘Land of Saints’ as it has been home to many renowned saints and sages.

Question 24: Which city in Uttar Pradesh is famous for the leather industry?

A) Saharanpur
B) Varanasi
C) Kanpur
D) Jhansi

Answer
Answer: C) Kanpur
Explanation: Kanpur is known for its leather industry.

Question 25: Where is Shri Kashi Vishwanath Temple located?

A) Ayodhya
B) Allahabad
C) Varanasi
D) Lucknow

Answer
Answer: C) Varanasi
Explanation: The Kashi Vishwanath Temple is located in Varanasi and is dedicated to Lord Shiva.

Question 26: Which country shares a border with Uttar Pradesh?

A) Pakistan
B) Nepal
C) China
D) Bangladesh

Answer
Answer: B) Nepal
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh shares its border with Nepal, located in the northeastern region of India.

Question 27: Through which major city does the Gomti River flow in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Lucknow
B) Varanasi
C) Kanpur
D) Allahabad

Answer
Answer: A) Lucknow
Explanation: The Gomti River flows through Lucknow and is a river of regional significance.

Question 28: Which district in Uttar Pradesh is famous for its ‘Tiger Reserve’?

A) Lakhimpur
B) Gorakhpur
C) Dudhwa
D) Sultanpur

Answer
Answer: C) Dudhwa
Explanation: Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is located in Lakhimpur district and is home to tigers and other wildlife species.

Question 29: What is the state tree of Uttar Pradesh?

a) Peepal
b) Ashoka
c) Neem
d) Bael

Answer
Answer: b) Ashoka
Explanation: The state tree of Uttar Pradesh is ‘Ashoka’ (Saraca asoca), which holds great cultural and religious significance in India.

Question 30: Which part of Uttar Pradesh is known as the ‘Sugarcane Belt’?

A) Purvanchal
B) Bundelkhand
C) Western Uttar Pradesh
D) Central Uttar Pradesh

Answer
Answer: C) Western Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: Western Uttar Pradesh is known as the ‘Sugarcane Belt’ due to its extensive sugarcane cultivation.

Question 31: Which famous ‘bathing’ site is located in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Haridwar
B) Prayagraj
C) Rishikesh
D) Shirdi

Answer
Answer: B) Prayagraj
Explanation: People from all over the world come to bathe at the Sangam in Prayagraj, especially during the Kumbh Mela.

Question 32: Which is the major commercial center of Uttar Pradesh?

A) Noida
B) Ghaziabad
C) Lucknow
D) Kanpur

Answer
Answer: D) Kanpur
Explanation: Kanpur is the major commercial center of Uttar Pradesh and is known for its industrial activities.

Question 33: With which state does Uttar Pradesh share its southern border?

A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Bihar
C) Rajasthan
D) Uttarakhand

Answer
Answer: A) Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh shares its southern border with Madhya Pradesh.

Question 34: In which place of Uttar Pradesh is the memory of ‘Rani Lakshmibai’ preserved?

A) Kanpur
B) Jhansi
C) Lucknow
D) Agra

Answer
Answer: B) Jhansi
Explanation: The memory of Rani Lakshmibai is preserved in Jhansi, where she fought against the British East India Company.

Question 35: ‘Bodh Gaya’ in Uttar Pradesh is famous for which great personality?

A) Buddha
B) Mahavira
C) Ram
D) Krishna

Answer
Answer: A) Buddha
Explanation: Bodh Gaya is famous as the place where Buddha attained enlightenment, although it is located in Bihar.

Question 36: Which is a major ‘cultural site’ in Uttar Pradesh?

A) New Delhi
B) Banaras
C) Shimla
D) Kashmir

Answer
Answer: B) Banaras
Explanation: Banaras is famous as a cultural and religious site, showcasing the vibrant essence of Indian traditions.

Question 37: In which city of Uttar Pradesh is ‘Hazratganj’ located?

A) Kanpur
B) Lucknow
C) Varanasi
D) Agra

Answer
Answer: B) Lucknow
Explanation: Hazratganj is a major commercial and cultural hub in Lucknow.

Question 38: ‘Kaiserbagh’ in Uttar Pradesh is famous for which major landmark?

A) Historical Palace
B) Religious Site
C) Industrial Area
D) Museum

Answer
Answer: A) Historical Palace
Explanation: Kaiserbagh is a historical palace located in Lucknow, built during the era of the Nawabs.

Question 39: What is the birthplace of ‘Sant Ravidas’ in Uttar Pradesh?

A) Varanasi
B) Lucknow
C) Allahabad
D) Agra

Answer
Answer: A) Varanasi
Explanation: Sant Ravidas was born in Varanasi, where he became known for his religious and social teachings.

Question 40: The ‘Kannauj’ district of Uttar Pradesh is famous for which product?

A) Tea
B) Perfume
C) Knives
D) Cottage Industry

Answer
Answer: B) Perfume
Explanation: Kannauj is famous for its production of perfumes, and its traditional perfume-making techniques are ancient.

Question 41: Where is the Buland Darwaza located in Uttar Pradesh?
A) Kanpur
B) Delhi
C) Lucknow
D) Fatehpur Sikri

Answer
Answer: D) Fatehpur Sikri
Buland Darwaza is located in Fatehpur Sikri, Agra district. It was built by Emperor Akbar.

Question 42: The ‘Satavahana’ in Uttar Pradesh is related to which field?
A) Pandavas
B) Maurya
C) Buddhist
D) Rajput

Answer
Answer: C) Buddhist
Satavahana is associated with the Buddhist era. Uttar Pradesh has many important Buddhist sites.

Question 43: What is ‘Saharanpur’ in Uttar Pradesh famous for?
A) Tea
B) Wooden handicrafts
C) Cottage industries
D) Herbal medicines

Answer
Answer: B) Wooden handicrafts
Saharanpur is famous for its high-quality wooden handicrafts and carvings.

Question 44: Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh is famous for which religious site?
A) Krishna
B) Ram
C) Shiva
D) Ganesha

Answer
Answer: A) Krishna
Vrindavan is known for Lord Krishna’s temples and is an important pilgrimage site.

Question 45: What is ‘Hardoi’ in Uttar Pradesh famous for?
A) Tea
B) Flower cultivation
C) Religious sites
D) Cottage industries

Answer
Answer: B) Flower cultivation
Hardoi is known for its flower farming, and its flowers are of excellent quality.

Question 46: Uttar Pradesh’s ‘Mathura’ is famous for which major religious site?
A) Ganga
B) Krishna Janmabhoomi
C) Maheshwari
D) Ram Janmabhoomi

Answer
Answer: B) Krishna Janmabhoomi
Mathura is the birthplace of Lord Krishna and a major religious site.

Question 47: Where is the ‘Secretariat’ in Uttar Pradesh located?
A) Allahabad
B) Lucknow
C) Varanasi
D) Agra

Answer
Answer: B) Lucknow
The Secretariat of Uttar Pradesh is in Lucknow, the state capital.

Question 48: Where is the High Court of Uttar Pradesh located?
A) Lucknow
B) Prayagraj
C) Agra
D) Meerut

Answer
Answer: B) Prayagraj
The main High Court of Uttar Pradesh is in Prayagraj, with a bench in Lucknow.

Question 49: What is the main folk dance of Uttar Pradesh?
A) Dhobiya
B) Nautanki
C) Shayara
D) Neelam

Answer
Answer: B) Nautanki
Nautanki is a popular folk dance and theatre form in Uttar Pradesh.

Question 50: What is the headquarters of Gautam Buddha Nagar district?
A) Greater Noida
B) Ghaziabad
C) Ramabai Nagar
D) Noida

Answer
Answer: D) Noida
The district headquarters of Gautam Buddha Nagar is in Greater Noida.

Question 51: Which is the highest dam in Uttar Pradesh?
A) Matatila
B) Meja
C) Rihand
D) Ramganga

Answer
Answer: D) Ramganga
Ramganga Dam is located in Moradabad district and is built on the Ramganga River.

Question 52: Where is the first open university of Uttar Pradesh located?
A) Agra
B) Jhansi
C) Prayagraj
D) Delhi

Answer
Answer: C) Prayagraj
Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University is in Prayagraj, named after Rajarshi Purushottam Das Tandon.

Impact of Donald Trump’s 26% Reciprocal Tariff on Indian Economy

Donald Trump’s announcement of a 26% reciprocal tariff on Indian goods has significant implications for India’s economy and trade relations. This tariff, effective from April 9, 2025, is aimed at countering what Trump described as India’s high tariffs on American goods, which he claimed were as high as 52%.

The sectors most affected include automobiles, IT, and pharmaceuticals, with potential declines in export revenues. For instance, Indian automobile companies like Tata Motors, which exports vehicles to the US, have already seen a drop in stock value. On the other hand, pharmaceutical exports are currently exempt from this tariff, offering some relief to Indian companies.

India is reportedly considering reducing tariffs on $23 billion worth of US imports to mitigate the impact, but no agreement has been finalized yet. The broader economic effects will depend on how long these tariffs remain in place and whether India and the US can negotiate a trade deal to ease tensions.

This move underscores the complexities of global trade and the challenges emerging economies like India face in balancing domestic interests with international trade dynamics.

Lok Sabha Passes Waqf (Amendment) Bill 2025 Amid Heated Debate

The Lok Sabha passed the Waqf (Amendment) Bill 2025 on April 2, 2025, with 288 votes in favor and 232 against. The House also approved the Mussalman Wakf (Repeal) Bill 2024, repealing the Mussalman Wakf Act 1923.

Key Provisions and Government’s Stand:

  • Union Minority Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju moved the bill, stating that it focuses solely on Waqf properties and aims to make Waqf Boards more inclusive and transparent.
  • The bill mandates representation from different Muslim sects and women in Waqf Boards.
  • Rijiju criticized the 2013 amendments under the UPA government for allowing misuse of Waqf laws and questioned why, despite India having the highest number of Waqf properties globally, Indian Muslims remain economically disadvantaged.

Opposition’s Criticism:

  • Congress MP Gaurav Gogoi called the bill unconstitutional and alleged it was an attempt to defame minorities and divide society.
  • Samajwadi Party’s Akhilesh Yadav accused the government of using the bill to divert attention from economic issues like unemployment and inflation.
  • TMC’s Kalyan Banerjee, DMK’s A Raja, and other opposition leaders criticized the bill, calling it anti-minority and an attack on Muslim rights.

Government’s Response:

  • Union Home Minister Amit Shah clarified that non-Muslims will not manage Waqf properties, dismissing fears of interference in religious practices.
  • He argued that the bill aims to prevent land mismanagement and enhance transparency, blaming the Congress for past misuses of Waqf-related laws.
  • BJP’s Ravi Shankar Prasad emphasized that the bill promotes gender justice by ensuring women’s representation in Waqf Boards.

Support from Other Parties:

  • TDP’s Krishna Prasad Tenneti supported the bill, highlighting the mismanagement of Waqf properties worth ₹1.2 lakh crore.
  • JD(U) leader Rajiv Ranjan Singh asserted that the bill ensures justice for all sections of Muslims while curbing misuse of Waqf properties.
  • Shiv Sena MP Shrikant Shinde referred to the legislation as “UMEED” (Unified Waqf Management Empowerment, Efficiency, and Development), aimed at uplifting minorities.

The bill’s passage marks a significant move in reforming Waqf property management, though controversy and political opposition remain strong.

6th BIMSTEC Summit on April 4, 2025, in Bangkok, Thailand

The 6th BIMSTEC Summit is set to take place on April 4, 2025, in Bangkok, Thailand. This summit marks a significant milestone as it is the first in-person BIMSTEC meeting since 2018. The theme for this year’s summit is “BIMSTEC – Prosperous, Resilient, and Open”, reflecting the organization’s focus on enhancing regional cooperation in areas such as trade, security, connectivity, and human security.

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional organization comprising seven member states: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Established in 1997, BIMSTEC aims to foster economic and technical collaboration among countries bordering the Bay of Bengal.

During the summit, leaders are expected to adopt the Bangkok Vision 2030, which outlines a roadmap for regional development and cooperation. Key discussions will focus on enhancing maritime transport, completing the India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway, and addressing shared challenges such as climate change, terrorism, and poverty.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is attending the summit and will also hold bilateral talks with Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra to strengthen India-Thailand relations. Following the summit, PM Modi is scheduled to visit Sri Lanka to further enhance bilateral ties.

This summit underscores BIMSTEC’s role as a bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia, promoting regional integration and collaboration across various sectors. It is a pivotal moment for the member states to reaffirm their commitment to a prosperous and resilient Bay of Bengal region.

NHAI Raises Toll Charges by Up to 5% Across Highways

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has raised toll charges by 4-5% as part of its annual inflation adjustment based on the wholesale price index. The additional revenue will support highway maintenance and expansion projects.

Key toll hikes include:

  • Delhi-Meerut Expressway: Toll for cars from Sarai Kale Khan to Meerut increased from ₹165 to ₹170, and from Ghaziabad to Meerut from ₹70 to ₹75.
  • Chhijarsi toll plaza (NH-9): Car tolls rose from ₹170 to ₹175, light commercial vehicles to ₹280, and trucks to ₹590.
  • Lucknow Highways: Light vehicles will pay ₹5-10 more per trip, while heavy vehicles will pay ₹20-25 extra.
  • Delhi-Jaipur Highway (Kherki Daula toll plaza): No hike for private cars and jeeps, but larger vehicles face a ₹5 increase per trip.
  • Monthly passes: For cars, it increased from ₹930 to ₹950, and for cabs, from ₹1,225 to ₹1,255.

India has 855 toll plazas, with 675 government-funded and 180 privately operated.

Niharika Singhania Wins Gold at Azelhof CSI Lier Equestrian Competition

On April 1, 2025, young Indian equestrian Niharika Singhania secured first place at the prestigious Azelhof CSI Lier competition in Belgium. Competing against international riders, she showcased exceptional skill and composure.

Niharika participated in the Two Phases special event, riding Hotese Charboniere, and finished with 40.72 and 40.34 penalty points, earning gold.

Chilean President Gabriel Boric Font Visits India to Strengthen Bilateral Ties

Chilean President Gabriel Boric Font is on a state visit to India from April 1 to April 5, 2025, marking 76 years of diplomatic relations between the two nations. President Droupadi Murmu welcomed him at Rashtrapati Bhavan and hosted a banquet in his honor.

During his visit, President Boric is engaging in New Delhi, Agra, Mumbai, and Bengaluru. He held discussions with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on minerals, energy, defense, agriculture, and space cooperation. Both leaders agreed to initiate talks for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.

The visit also highlights cultural and educational exchanges, including student programs and Chile’s growing interest in Yoga and Ayurveda. President Boric emphasized Chile’s commitment to strengthening ties with India, recognizing its global geopolitical significance.

This visit reinforces India-Chile cooperation in trade, innovation, and culture, reflecting a shared vision for a prosperous future.

India Achieves Record 25 GW Renewable Energy Addition

India’s renewable energy sector recorded its highest-ever capacity addition of 25 gigawatts (GW) in the 2024-2025 financial year, marking a 35% increase from the 18.57 GW installed in 2023-24. Solar energy led the growth, rising from 15 GW to nearly 21 GW, a 38% increase.

New and Renewable Energy Minister Pralhad Joshi announced initiatives to decarbonize transportation and households, including mandating bioCNG blending with compressed and piped natural gas. Solar PV cell manufacturing capacity tripled to 9 GW, and the PM KUSUM Scheme showed significant progress. The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana benefited 1.1 lakh households and generated 7 lakh jobs.

RBI Reports 98.21% Return of ₹2000 Notes

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced that 98.21% of ₹2000 banknotes have been returned to the banking system as on March 31, 2024. On May 19, 2023, the RBI declared the withdrawal of ₹2000 notes from circulation. At that time, ₹3.56 lakh crore worth of ₹2000 notes were in circulation, which has now reduced to ₹6,366 crore as of March 31, 2024.

The deposit and exchange facility at bank branches was available until October 7, 2023, but remains open at 19 RBI issue offices. People can also send ₹2000 notes via India Post for credit to their bank accounts. Despite withdrawal, ₹2000 notes remain legal tender.

Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) for Central Government employees came into effect on April 1, 2025

The Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) for Central Government employees came into effect on April 1, 2025, as an option under the National Pension System (NPS). The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has issued regulations for its implementation, covering three categories of employees:

  1. Existing central government employees under NPS as of April 1, 2025.
  2. New recruits joining the service on or after April 1, 2025.
  3. Retired employees under NPS who retired on or before April 30, 2025, through regular or voluntary retirement.

Approximately 23 lakh employees are expected to benefit from the scheme. Employees who joined on or after January 1, 2004, can choose to switch from NPS to UPS. Eligible employees can enroll and submit claims through the Protean CRA portal starting April 1.

The UPS offers 50% of the average basic pay drawn in the last 12 months before retirement, provided the employee has completed a minimum of 25 years of service. In the case of the employee’s demise, the family will receive 60% of the pension. The scheme also guarantees a minimum pension of ₹10,000 per month for those with at least 10 years of service.

India and US Launch Fourth Edition of Exercise Tiger Triumph 2025 for HADR Cooperation

Exercise Tiger Triumph 2025, the fourth edition of the India-US bilateral Tri-Service Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise, began in Visakhapatnam on April 1, 2025. The Harbour Phase will run from April 1 to April 7, including an Opening Ceremony with a joint Flag Parade on INS Jalashwa. The exercise will conclude on April 13 with a Closing Ceremony on the US Navy Ship Comstock.

Following the Harbour Phase, participants will proceed to the Sea Phase off Kakinada for Maritime, Amphibious, and HADR operations. The exercise aims to enhance interoperability and establish Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for a Combined Coordination Center (CCC) to facilitate cooperation between the Indian and US Joint Task Forces (JTF) during emergencies.

India will be represented by INS Jalashwa, Gharial, Mumbai, and Shakti, along with P8I Maritime Patrol Aircraft, Army troops from 91 Inf Brigade and 12 Mech Infantry Battalion, Air Force C-130 Aircraft, MI-17 Helicopters, and the Rapid Action Medical Team (RAMT). The US will participate with US Navy Ships Comstock and Ralph Johnson and troops from the US Marine Division.

Rajgir to Host Hero Asia Cup Hockey 2025 from August 29 to September 7

Rajgir, Bihar, will host the Hero Asia Cup Hockey 2025 from August 29 to September 7 at the newly developed Rajgir Hockey Stadium. This will be the second international event in Rajgir, following the Women’s Asian Champions Trophy in 2024.

Eight teams, including India, Pakistan, Japan, Korea, China, and Malaysia, will compete, with two additional teams qualifying through the AHF Cup. South Korea leads the tournament’s history with five titles, while India and Pakistan have won three each.

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the event was signed between Hockey India and the Bihar State Sports Authority at the Patliputra Sports Complex. Present at the signing were Hockey India Secretary General Bholanath Singh, Bihar Sports Department’s Additional Chief Secretary B. Rajender, Hockey India President Dilip Tirkey, and Indian team captain Harmanpreet Singh. Approximately 20,000 spectators are expected, with officials highlighting the tournament’s role in boosting Bihar’s sports infrastructure.

Shirley Botchwey Becomes First African Woman to assume office as Commonwealth Secretary-General

Shirley Botchwey assumed office as the 7th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth on April 1, 2025, becoming the first African woman to hold the position. With 20 years of leadership experience in diplomacy, international relations, governance, and public service, she previously served as Ghana’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration from 2017 to 2024 and was a member of Ghana’s National Security Council.

The Commonwealth Secretary-General, nominated by Commonwealth leaders, serves a maximum of two four-year terms and is responsible for upholding Commonwealth values, representing the organization, and managing the Commonwealth Secretariat.

Vikram Samvat: The Hindu New Year 2025

Vikram Samvat, one of the traditional Hindu lunar calendars, marks the beginning of the Hindu New Year. In 2025, the Vikram Samvat New Year celebrated on March 30th, ushering in the year 2082. This calendar, widely followed in North and Western India, holds deep cultural, religious, and historical significance.

Origin and History

The Vikram Samvat era is believed to have been established by the legendary king Vikramaditya of Ujjain after his victory over the Shakas in 57 BCE. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, which follows the solar cycle, Vikram Samvat is a lunisolar calendar, aligning months with the moon’s phases while adjusting with the solar year.

How is the Hindu New Year Celebrated?

The Hindu New Year, also known as Nav Varsh or Chaitra Shukla Pratipada, is celebrated with great enthusiasm across India, especially in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. Key traditions include:

  1. Religious Observances – Devotees visit temples, offer prayers, and seek blessings for prosperity.
  2. Gudi Padwa (Maharashtra) – Homes are decorated with Gudis (a bamboo stick with a bright cloth and neem leaves).
  3. Ugadi (Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka) – People prepare Ugadi Pachadi, a special dish symbolizing life’s different flavors.
  4. Navreh (Kashmir) – Kashmiri Hindus celebrate with rituals and traditional feasts.
  5. Baisakhi (Punjab) – Marks the harvest festival and the Sikh New Year.

Astrological Significance

The Hindu New Year begins with the Chaitra month (March-April) and is considered auspicious for new ventures. Astrologers analyze the Panchang (Hindu almanac) to determine favorable timings (Muhurats) for important activities.

Vikram Samvat 2082: What to Expect

According to Hindu astrology, the year 2082 will be governed by Jupiter (Brihaspati), bringing opportunities for growth, wisdom, and spiritual progress. Key festivals like Diwali, Holi, and Raksha Bandhan will be observed based on this calendar.

Indian Air Force Joins Multinational Air Exercise INIOCHOS-25 in Greece

The Indian Air Force (IAF) is participating in the multinational air exercise INIOCHOS-25, which began today, March 31, 2025, at Andravida Air Base in Greece. Hosted by Greece’s Hellenic Air Force, the 12-day exercise will run until April 11. The IAF contingent includes Su-30 MKI fighters, IL-78, and C-17 aircraft.

INIOCHOS-25 aims to enhance international cooperation, interoperability, and combat readiness through combined air operations and tactical training in complex scenarios. With participation from 15 countries, the exercise promotes mutual learning and strengthens military ties.

Operation Brahma: India’s Aid to Quake-Hit Myanmar

India has launched Operation Brahma, a massive humanitarian mission to assist Myanmar after a devastating 7.7-magnitude earthquake struck the country and neighboring Thailand on March 28, 2025. The earthquake, one of the strongest in over a century, caused widespread destruction, claiming over 1,600 lives and injuring thousands.

Under Operation Brahma, India swiftly mobilized its armed forces, deploying five military aircraft and naval ships to deliver relief materials, medical equipment, and rescue teams. The Indian Air Force transported an 80-member National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) team and a 118-member Army field hospital unit, equipped with specialized medical and rescue tools. Additionally, naval ships carried 40 tonnes of humanitarian aid, including food, medicines, and emergency supplies.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed solidarity with Myanmar, emphasizing India’s commitment as a “close friend and neighbor” during this crisis. The operation reflects India’s policy of being the first responder in the region, showcasing its dedication to humanitarian assistance.

India’s efforts are focused on providing immediate relief and supporting recovery in the worst-hit areas, such as Mandalay. The operation highlights India’s preparedness and compassion in responding to natural disasters.

Eid-ul-Fitr: Celebrating the End of Ramzan on 31 March

Eid-ul-Fitr, one of the most significant festivals in Islam, is a day of joy, gratitude, and togetherness, marking the end of the holy month of Ramzan. This year, in India, the festival is being celebrated on 31 March 2025 with great fervor and enthusiasm.

Ramzan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, is a time of fasting, prayer, and reflection for Muslims around the world. Observing the fast during Ramzan, known as sawm, is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. It is a month of spiritual discipline, self-restraint, and heightened devotion, culminating in the celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr.

On this special day, families and communities come together to offer the special Eid prayer, known as Salat al-Eid, at mosques or open prayer grounds. The day begins with the giving of Zakat al-Fitr or Fitrana, a charitable act to support the less fortunate, ensuring that everyone can partake in the celebrations. This act highlights the essence of compassion and generosity that is central to Eid-ul-Fitr.

Eid-ul-Fitr is also synonymous with feasting and sharing. Homes are adorned, and tables are filled with delicious traditional dishes such as sheer khurma (a sweet vermicelli dessert), biryani, kebabs, and other regional delicacies. It is a time to exchange greetings of “Eid Mubarak,” visit relatives and friends, and strengthen bonds of love and unity.

Union Cabinet Approves 2% Increase in Dearness Allowance for Employees and Pensioners

The Union Cabinet on 28 March 2025 approved a 2% increase in dearness allowance (DA) for central government employees and dearness relief (DR) for pensioners, effective from January 1, 2025, raising it from 53% to 55% of basic pay or pension.

This decision will benefit around 48.66 lakh employees and 66.55 lakh pensioners, with an estimated financial burden of Rs. 6,614.04 crore per year.

The increase follows the 7th Central Pay Commission’s recommendations to provide financial support against inflation.

Khelo India Para Games 2025 to concludes, Haryana led the medal tally with 34 gold

The Khelo India Para Games 2025 concluded on March 28 at JLN Stadium, New Delhi. Union Minister Raksha Nikhil Khadse praised the event for providing a platform for para-athletes, with 18 national records broken. She commended the strong participation from Northeastern states and launched a Handbook on Accessibility of Sports Facilities.

Over 1,300 para-athletes competed in six sports, winning more than 550 medals. Haryana led the medal tally with 34 gold, followed by Tamil Nadu with 28 gold, and Uttar Pradesh with 23 gold. The games highlighted the government’s commitment to inclusive sports development.

Manisha Bhanwala won gold medal at the Asian Wrestling Championship 2025

Manisha Bhanwala won India’s first gold medal since 2021 at the Asian Wrestling Championship 2025, defeating Korea’s Ok J Kim 8-7 in the women’s 62 kg category. Antim Panghal added to the tally with a bronze in the 53 kg category, securing victory over Taipei’s Meng H Hsieh by technical superiority without conceding a point.

Indian wrestlers concluded the tournament with an impressive medal count of one gold, one silver, and six bronze medals, including two from Greco-Roman wrestlers. Congratulations to the champions for their outstanding performance!

Social Media Site X Sold to xAI for $33 Billion

Tech billionaire Elon Musk has sold the social media site X (formerly Twitter) to his AI company, xAI, in a $33 billion deal on 28 March 2025. Musk announced the sale, emphasizing that the merger will unlock significant potential by combining xAI’s advanced AI capabilities with X’s massive reach.

The deal also values xAI at $80 billion, underscoring its growing influence in the AI sector. Musk, who acquired X for $44 billion in 2022, launched xAI a year later to advance artificial intelligence technology. As the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, as well as an advisor to President Donald Trump, Musk continues to make bold moves in the tech industry.

With xAI’s expertise, X is expected to undergo major enhancements, incorporating AI-driven content curation, advanced moderation, and interactive features. While the potential for innovation excites many, concerns over privacy and AI governance remain.

This landmark deal highlights Musk’s ambition to reshape digital communication through AI integration, signaling a transformative shift in the online experience.

‘Sahkar’ Taxi: A Cooperative Model for Fairer Transportation

The Indian government is set to introduce a new cooperative-based taxi service called ‘Sahkar Taxi.‘ This initiative, announced by Union Home Minister Amit Shah in Parliament on March 27, 2025, aims to provide an alternative to private ride-hailing platforms like Ola and Uber. The service will include bike, cab, and auto rides, ensuring that profits go directly to the drivers instead of large corporations.

The ‘Sahkar Taxi’ service aligns with the vision of ‘Sahkar Se Samriddhi’ (Prosperity through Cooperation). Drivers will be able to register their vehicles—two-wheelers, auto-rickshaws, and four-wheelers—through cooperative societies. This model eliminates middlemen, allowing drivers to retain their full earnings and achieve better financial security.

Additionally, the government plans to establish a cooperative insurance company to support this initiative. This company will provide financial protection to drivers and others in the cooperative sector. The rollout of the ‘Sahkar Taxi’ service is expected in the coming months, offering affordable transport for passengers and fairer opportunities for drivers.

This move reflects the government’s commitment to promoting cooperative models and addressing concerns about high commission fees charged by private platforms. It is a step toward creating a more equitable and transparent transportation system in India.

Govt procures Nag Missile system to enhance defence capabilities

On March 27, 2025, the Ministry of Defence signed contracts with Armoured Vehicle Nigam Limited, Force Motors Ltd, and Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd to procure the Nag Missile System (NAMIS) Tracked version and 5,000 light vehicles for the Armed Forces, totaling Rs 2,500 crore.

The NAMIS (Tr) contract, worth Rs 1,801.34 crore, was developed by DRDO’s Defence Research & Development Laboratory. It is an advanced fire-and-forget anti-tank weapon system designed to enhance the Indian Army’s mechanised operations and combat capabilities.

The light vehicles feature modern technology, offering enhanced engine power and an 800 kg payload capacity. They will improve mobility for the Armed Forces across various terrains and operational environments.

These procurements will boost indigenous defence manufacturing, generating employment opportunities in the MSME sector. This step reinforces the country’s defence capabilities and supports the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Indian Armed Forces conduct tri-services Exercise Prachand Prahar from March 25 to 27, 2025

From March 25 to 27, 2025, the Indian Armed Forces conducted a tri-service integrated exercise called Prachand Prahar in the high-altitude terrain of Arunachal Pradesh. The Army, Air Force, and Navy collaborated to test their coordinated operational capabilities.

The exercise involved the deployment of advanced surveillance assets like long-range aircraft, helicopters, UAVs, and space-based resources. Special Forces were also used to detect and track simulated targets.

Once targets were identified, they were neutralized using joint firepower from fighter aircraft, rocket systems, artillery, drones, and loitering munitions. Operations were conducted in a contested electronic environment to ensure precise strikes.

The exercise was reviewed by Eastern Army Commander Lieutenant General Ram Chander Tiwari, Eastern Air Commander Air Marshal Surat Singh, and Navy Commodore Ajay Yadav. They praised the forces for their professionalism and operational skills.

Prachand Prahar demonstrated the Armed Forces’ capability to conduct integrated operations across multiple domains, reaffirming India’s readiness to counter emerging threats along its borders.

ISRO completes rolling experiment as part of its SpaDeX mission

On March 27, 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) completed the Rolling experiment. This was part of its Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission.

ISRO Chairman V Narayanan confirmed the success of the experiment. He said ISRO will try docking in different conditions as part of the mission.

The Rolling experiment is also called the Rotating experiment. It involved one satellite moving around another. This tested ISRO’s ability to control satellite movement.

The experiment will help ISRO understand how to bring a satellite to a specific spot for docking. It will also check if docking can be done vertically. The data from this test will be useful for future missions like Chandrayaan-4.

Earlier, on March 13, ISRO successfully undocked two satellites in the SpaDeX mission. This was a big step for India’s space program.

Chairman Narayanan said ISRO will conduct more docking experiments under SpaDeX to gain further knowledge and experience.

India Successfully Tests VLSRSAM Missile!

On 27 March 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy successfully tested the Vertically-Launched Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VLSRSAM). The test was conducted from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha.

✅ The missile was launched from a land-based vertical launcher. ✅ It targeted a high-speed aerial object at a low altitude. ✅ The test confirmed the missile’s capability to operate near boundaries at low altitudes.

During the test, the missile demonstrated excellent agility, reliability, and pinpoint accuracy. It used an indigenous Radio Frequency seeker and was supported by a Multi-Function Radar and a Weapon Control System. The entire system worked as expected.

🗣 Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated DRDO, the Indian Navy, and the defence industry for this achievement. He praised the missile as a force multiplier and a testament to India’s strong defence development capabilities.

Argentina national football team, led by Lionel Messi, set to visit India in October 2025

The Argentina national football team, led by Lionel Messi, will visit India in October 2025 for an international exhibition match. The Argentine Football Association (AFA) announced this major event on March, 26 .

This visit is part of Argentina’s global outreach efforts ahead of the 2026 World Cup qualification finals. AFA President Claudio Fabian Tapia described it as a significant milestone for Argentina’s international presence, emphasizing the association’s commitment to expanding opportunities in regions like India and Singapore.

Since 2021, the AFA has been building strong ties with India’s passionate football community. Leandro Petersen, AFA’s Chief Commercial and Marketing Officer, highlighted the importance of fostering this connection.

“This is a new step in AFA’s global expansion. Our goal is to bring the best of Argentine football to fans and continue strengthening these relationships,” Petersen stated.

📍 A Special Return for Messi

Fans may recall Messi’s last visit to India in 2011 when Argentina played a World Cup qualifier against Venezuela at Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata. Argentina emerged victorious with a 1-0 win, making this return even more special.

India Crowned World Champions in Sepak Takraw!

The Indian Men’s Regu team has made history, winning gold at the 2025 Sepak Takraw World Cup! The championship, held in Patna, Bihar, saw India deliver a breathtaking performance to defeat Japan 2-1 in the final on 25 March 2025.

The journey wasn’t easy. After losing the first set 11-15, the Indian team found renewed strength with the roar of the home crowd behind them. They bounced back in style, winning the second set 15-11 and forcing a decisive third game.

In a nail-biting finale, both teams traded points in a tense showdown. But India held their nerve and emerged victorious with a 17-14 win, securing the coveted gold medal and bringing pride to the nation!

Indian-Origin Scientist Jay Bhattacharya Takes Charge as NIH Director in US

Indian-origin scientist Jay Bhattacharya has been confirmed as the 18th Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 🎉 Nominated by President Donald Trump, he was confirmed on March 25, 2025, with a 53-47 vote by US Senate.

Dr. Bhattacharya is a renowned expert in health policy and economics, holding an MD and PhD from Stanford University. He has an impressive career as a professor at Stanford, a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. 📚 His groundbreaking research spans Economics, Public Health, and Health Policy, impacting lives across the globe.

India’s social security coverage doubled from 24.4 % to 48.8 % in 3 years

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), World Social Security Report 2024-26, India’s coverage has jumped from 24.4% in 2021 to 48.8% in 2024.

Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya highlighted this progress during the webinar on ‘Investing in People’. Key achievements include:

  • 17.1 crore jobs created between 2014 and 2024, with 4.6 crore added in the past year alone.
  • Unemployment rate dropped from 6% (2017-18) to 3.2% (2023-24).
  • Female workforce participation surged from 22% to 40.3%.

Dr. Mandaviya emphasized the government’s focus on empowering youth through skill development and its commitment to fostering global economic contributions. 💼

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