Current Affairs

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Country Roads Project: Digital Coding of Every Road in India

The Country Roads Project is a proposed Government of India initiative to assign a unique digital code to every road in the country, including highways, district roads, and village roads. It aims to create a national digital road database by integrating geospatial technologies and existing platforms such as PMGSY, Gram Manchitra, DIGIPIN, and SVAMITVA.

Key Highlights

  • Every road will receive a unique alphanumeric identification code.
  • QR-enabled signboards will provide road details, location, and maintenance information.
  • Road names will be displayed in local languages and English.
  • Panchayats and local bodies will conduct regular audits and updates of road data.
  • The system will align with PMGSY standards and the Local Government Directory (LGD).

Benefits

  • Improves emergency response by enabling quick and accurate road identification.
  • Enhances governance, postal services, and public service delivery.
  • Supports better infrastructure planning, monitoring, and accountability.
  • Creates a unified digital road network covering over 6 lakh villages across India.

Q. The proposed Country Roads Project of the Government of India aims to achieve which of the following objectives?

A. Construction of new highways connecting all district headquarters
B. Assignment of a unique digital identity to every road in India
C. Replacement of postal PIN codes with road numbers
D. Introduction of toll collection on all rural roads

✅ Answer: B. Assignment of a unique digital identity to every road in India

Explanation:
The Country Roads Project proposes to assign a unique alphanumeric digital code to every road in India, including highways, district roads, and village roads. The project will integrate platforms such as PMGSY, DIGIPIN, Gram Manchitra, and SVAMITVA to create a comprehensive national road database.

International Day of Yoga 2026: Theme – Yoga for Healthy Ageing

International Day of Yoga 2026 was observed worldwide on 21 June 2026 (Sunday) with the theme “Yoga for Healthy Ageing.” India is leading the celebrations, with the flagship event hosted in Kolkata by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, while major sessions are also planned in Amaravati, Vijayawada, and New Delhi.

📌 Key Facts About International Day of Yoga 2026

  • Date: 21 June 2026 (Sunday).
  • Theme: Yoga for Healthy Ageing – focusing on flexibility, mobility, strength, and mental well-being in ageing populations.
  • Global Reach: Celebrated in 190+ countries with mass yoga sessions, workshops, and wellness campaigns.
  • Origin: Proposed by PM Narendra Modi at the UN in 2014; first observed in 2015.
  • Special Significance of Date: June 21 is the summer solstice, the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere, symbolizing spiritual growth.

🌍 Major Celebrations in India

  • Kolkata (Flagship Event): Led by PM Modi, organized by Ministry of Ayush & MDNIY.
  • Amaravati/Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh): Swami Ramdev & Acharya Balkrishan to lead sessions; CM Chandrababu Naidu as chief guest. Venue: Indira Gandhi Stadium, Vijayawada (5:00–7:30 AM).
  • New Delhi: FIT India celebration at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium with participation from citizens, athletes, and senior citizens.

Vivek Aggarwal Appointed Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Vice-President

India’s senior bureaucrat Vivek Aggarwal has been appointed as the Vice-President of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) for the 2026–27 term. Currently serving as Secretary, Ministry of Culture, he previously headed India’s FATF delegation and served as Director of FIU-IND. He will succeed Giles Thomson (UK).

The appointment was made during the FATF Plenary held from 17–19 June 2026 and has been described by the Ministry of External Affairs as a significant achievement for India. The government stated that his selection reflects India’s strong commitment to combating money laundering, terrorist financing, and illicit financial networks.

During the plenary meeting, FATF members reviewed global efforts against financial crimes. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Iraq were placed under increased monitoring, while Algeria and Namibia were removed from the FATF grey list after completing required reforms.

The plenary also appointed Giles Thomson (UK) as the next FATF President, succeeding Elisa de Anda Madrazo of Mexico.

Financial Action Task Force

The Financial Action Task Force is the global standard-setting body for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing. India has been a member of the FATF since 2010.

Indian Coast Guard Inducts First Indigenous Hovercraft (ACV)

On 18 June 2026, the Indian Coast Guard inducted its first indigenous Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV), or hovercraft, in Goa. Built by Chowgule & Company Pvt Ltd, it is the first of six planned ACVs and contains about 50% indigenous content.

The hovercraft travels on a cushion of air, enabling operations over shallow waters, mudflats, marshes, sandy beaches, and land, where conventional boats face limitations. It will strengthen coastal security, surveillance, search and rescue missions, anti-smuggling operations, maritime reconnaissance, and environmental protection along India’s 7,500 km coastline.

QS World University Rankings 2027: MIT Tops, IIT‑Delhi Leads India

The QS World University Rankings 2027 place MIT at the top globally for the 15th consecutive year, while India has achieved its highest-ever representation with 52 universities ranked, led by IIT-Delhi at 118th. This marks India’s rise to the 5th position worldwide in terms of the number of institutions featured.

🌍 Global Highlights – QS World University Rankings 2027

  • Top 5 Universities Worldwide
    1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA
    2. Stanford University, USA (joint 2nd)
    3. Imperial College London, UK (joint 2nd)
    4. University of Oxford, UK
    5. Harvard University, USA
  • Other notable performers:
    • University of Cambridge (UK) – 6th
    • ETH Zurich (Switzerland) – 8th
    • National University of Singapore (NUS) – 10th
    • Peking University (China) – 13th
    • Technical University of Munich (Germany) – 25th

India’s Performance

  • India ranks 5th globally in terms of the number of institutions featured (52 universities).
  • Top Indian Universities in QS 2027:
    • IIT-Delhi – 118th (highest-ranked Indian institution, improving 5 places)
    • IIT-Bombay – 134th
    • IIT-Madras – 170th
    • IIT-Kharagpur – 205th
    • IIT-Kanpur – 221st
    • Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore – 221st
    • University of Delhi (DU) – 322nd (improved by 6 places)

US–Iran 14-Point MoU 2026: Key Provisions, Ceasefire and Regional Impact

US President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian have virtually signed a historic 14-point Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 18 June 2026, marking a major step in stabilizing West Asia after years of conflict.

🌍 Key Highlights of the 14-Point MoU

  • Ceasefire Commitment: Both nations pledged to uphold the June 15 peace agreement, ensuring a permanent halt to military operations.
  • Strait of Hormuz: Reaffirmed toll-free shipping and unrestricted passage, vital for global energy security.
  • Nuclear Program Oversight: Iran agreed to IAEA monitoring during the 60-day ceasefire window.
  • Sanctions Relief: The U.S. signaled readiness to ease sanctions if Iran complies with nuclear commitments.
  • Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: Joint mechanism to prevent arms supply to proxy groups in Lebanon and Syria.
  • Humanitarian Aid: Agreement to facilitate aid delivery in conflict zones.
  • Regional Dialogue: Establishment of a West Asia Peace Forum with participation from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Türkiye, and Pakistan.
  • Economic Engagement: Plans for U.S.–Iran trade in non-oil sectors like agriculture and technology.
  • Energy Security: Iran to stabilize oil exports; U.S. to support infrastructure modernization.
  • Diplomatic Channels: Virtual hotline between Washington and Tehran for crisis management.
  • Cultural Exchange: Initiatives for student and academic collaboration.
  • Cybersecurity: Joint task force against cyberattacks targeting energy infrastructure.
  • Environmental Cooperation: Collaboration on climate resilience and water management.
  • Future Summit: In-person signing ceremony scheduled in Geneva, Switzerland, on June 19, 2026.

El Niño 2026 and Its Impact on India’s Monsoon

India’s 2026 southwest monsoon is being significantly affected by a strong El Niño event. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), rainfall during early June was substantially below normal, and the seasonal monsoon is expected to remain weaker than average. This situation raises concerns about agriculture, food prices, water resources, and overall economic growth.

Key Highlights

  • Rainfall Deficit: IMD reported a rainfall deficit of up to 64% during June 4–15, 2026.
  • Monsoon Forecast: Seasonal rainfall is expected to be around 90% of the Long Period Average (LPA), which falls in the below-normal category.
  • Agriculture at Risk: Rain-fed crops such as rice, pulses, cotton, and sugarcane may experience lower yields.
  • Economic Concerns: Reduced agricultural production could increase food inflation and slow rural economic activity.
  • Most Affected Regions: Central, eastern, and southern parts of India are expected to face the greatest impact.

What is El Niño?

El Niño is a climate phenomenon associated with the warming of sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.

How It Affects India

  • Weakens the trade winds over the Pacific Ocean.
  • Alters global atmospheric circulation.
  • Reduces moisture transport towards India.
  • Often leads to weaker monsoon rainfall, drought-like conditions, and higher temperatures.

Sarpreet Singh: First Indian-Origin Footballer to Start in FIFA World Cup

On June 15, 2026, midfielder Sarpreet Singh created history by becoming the first footballer of Indian origin to start a match in a FIFA World Cup tournament. The 27-year-old achieved this milestone while representing New Zealand against Iran in their opening Group G match, held at the Los Angeles Stadium in California, USA. The high-intensity match ended in a 2-2 draw.

Born in Auckland to Punjabi parents from Jalandhar, Sarpreet wore the prestigious No. 10 jersey and played 92 minutes. Notably, former French midfielder Vikash Dhorasoo (in 2006) and Australia’s Nishan Velupillay (who debuted as a substitute on June 13, 2026) are the only other players of Indian descent to feature in World Cup history. Sarpreet also holds the record for being the first Indian-origin player to play in Germany’s top-tier league, the Bundesliga, for Bayern Munich in 2019.

Six States Agree on Kishau Dam Project for Yamuna Rejuvenation

Union Home Minister Amit Shah chaired a meeting in New Delhi on 16 June 2026, where six states reached a consensus on the long-pending Kishau Multi-Purpose Dam Project. The project is expected to play a major role in the rejuvenation of the Yamuna River by increasing the flow of clean water.

The states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan agreed to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for implementing the project. After the signing of the MoU, the proposal will be sent to the Union Cabinet for approval.

The ₹15,000 crore project will be built on the Tons River, the largest tributary of the Yamuna, at the Himachal Pradesh–Uttarakhand border. It will generate 660 MW of hydroelectric power, irrigate nearly 97,000 hectares of land, and supply over 500 million cubic metres of water annually to Delhi, Haryana, and Rajasthan.

Under the funding arrangement, the Central Government will bear 90% of the water component cost, while the remaining 10% will be shared by the six participating states.

The Kishau Dam will be a 236-metre-high concrete gravity dam with a live storage capacity of 1324 million cubic metres (MCM). The project had remained stalled for nearly eight years before the states reached an agreement in 2026.

Vice President Releases Agatthiyar – The Unifier in New Delhi

Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan released the book “Agatthiyar – The Unifier” at the Uprashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, on 15 June 2026. The book has been published by Kalaimagal magazine, a renowned Tamil literary publication with a history of over 95 years.

The book highlights the life and contributions of Sage Agatthiyar (Agastya) and his role in promoting cultural and spiritual unity across India. It portrays Agatthiyar as a bridge between the traditions of North and South India and emphasizes India’s long-standing civilisational unity.

Sage Agatthiyar is closely associated with the Pothigai Hills and the Kaveri River in Tamil Nadu. More than 100 Agatheeswarar temples dedicated to him are located in Tamil Nadu, while similar temples can also be found in Kashi (Varanasi).

PM Modi Conferred Slovakia’s Highest State Honour

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred Slovakia’s highest state honour, the Order of the White Double Cross (1st Class), by Slovak President Peter Pellegrini in Bratislava on 15 June 2026.

The award is given to foreign leaders for their outstanding contribution to strengthening relations with Slovakia and supporting its foreign policy interests.

The visit was historic as it marked the first-ever visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Slovakia since the country became independent in 1993. With this recognition, PM Modi has received 33 international honours and awards from foreign countries.

About Slovakia

Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Its capital city is Bratislava, and its official currency is the Euro (€).

The country has a population of about 55 lakh (5.49 million) people. Slovakia is known for its mountains, medieval castles, and natural landscapes.

It was part of Czechoslovakia until it became an independent nation in 1993. Today, Slovakia is a member of the European Union (EU) and uses the Euro as its currency.

52nd G7 Summit 2026 Held in France from 15–17 June 2026

The 52nd G7 Summit is being held from 15–17 June 2026 in Évian-les-Bains, France, under the chairmanship of French President Emmanuel Macron. The summit brings together leaders of the world’s major advanced economies to discuss pressing global challenges.

The summit focuses on global security, economic stability, artificial intelligence (AI) governance, climate action, and the ongoing Iran crisis. It also highlights the growing role of the Global South, with leaders from countries such as India, Brazil, Egypt, Kenya, and South Korea invited to participate.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is attending the summit as a special invitee. Discussions include support for Ukraine, developments in West Asia, the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, global trade challenges, debt issues, and the regulation of artificial intelligence.

Key Details of the 52nd G7 Summit

  • Dates & Venue: 15–17 June 2026, Évian-les-Bains, Haute-Savoie, France.
  • Host: French President Emmanuel Macron.
  • Core Members: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US, plus the European Union.
  • Invited Nations: India (PM Narendra Modi), Brazil (President Lula da Silva), Egypt, Kenya, South Korea, Qatar, Syria, Ukraine, UAE.
  • Special Guests: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to discuss war diplomacy and air defence.

US and Iran Reach Peace Agreement; Strait of Hormuz to Reopen

On 15 June 2026, the United States and Iran reached a landmark peace agreement aimed at ending military hostilities and restoring stability in the region. As part of the deal, both countries agreed to an immediate ceasefire and the reopening of the strategically important Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s busiest oil shipping routes.

The agreement includes the removal of the U.S. naval blockade and authorization for toll-free commercial shipping through the strait. The formal signing of the agreement is scheduled to take place in Switzerland on 19 June 2026.

The breakthrough was supported by mediation efforts involving Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Türkiye. The United Nations welcomed the agreement, describing it as an important step toward regional peace and stability.

Lt Gen Dhiraj Seth Appointed Next Chief of the Army Staff

The Government of India has appointed Lieutenant General Dhiraj Seth as the next Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) with effect from the afternoon of 30 June 2026. He will succeed General Upendra Dwivedi, who is retiring on the same day.

Lt Gen Dhiraj Seth is currently serving as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff. An alumnus of the National Defence Academy (NDA), Khadakwasla, he was commissioned into the Armoured Corps in December 1986.

With nearly four decades of military service, Lt Gen Seth has held several key command and staff appointments. He has commanded an Armoured Regiment, Armoured Brigade, Counter-Insurgency Force in Jammu & Kashmir, Sudarshan Chakra Corps, South Western Command, and Southern Command.

He has also attended prestigious military courses, including the National Defence College, Higher Command Course, and the Command and Staff Course in Paris, France.

Chhattisgarh’s Charu Pandey Clears 19 Competitive Exams, to be Honoured at Rashtrapati Bhavan

In June 2026, Charu Pandey, a 23-year-old woman from Raipur, Chhattisgarh, gained national recognition after successfully clearing 19 competitive examinations. For this remarkable achievement, she has been invited to receive the prestigious ‘At-Home’ honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan on Independence Day 2026.

Charu cleared several major examinations, including SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, SSC GD, SSC CPO, IBPS PO, and SBI recruitment exams. She currently works as an Assistant Auditor in Chennai.

Her success story highlights the importance of hard work, consistency, patience, and self-confidence. Despite considering herself an average student in most subjects, Charu remained focused on her goal and continued preparing for new exams while awaiting previous results.

She has become an inspiration for competitive exam aspirants across the country and plans to pursue a PhD and prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Examination in the future.

PM Modi Begins Six-Day Visit to France and Slovakia

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is on a six-day official visit to France and Slovakia from 13–18 June 2026. The visit is significant as it marks the first-ever visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Slovakia since the country gained independence in 1993.

In France, PM Modi will hold bilateral talks with President Emmanuel Macron, participate in the G7 Summit at Evian, attend the Bharat Innovates event in Nice, and take part in the VivaTech Summit in Paris, one of Europe’s largest technology and startup events.

In Slovakia, PM Modi will meet Prime Minister Robert Fico and President Peter Pellegrini to strengthen cooperation in trade, investment, manufacturing, technology, and innovation.

The visit highlights India’s growing role in global affairs, its focus on innovation and artificial intelligence, and its efforts to deepen strategic partnerships with European nations.

Exam-Ready Facts

  • PM’s Visit: France and Slovakia
  • Dates: 13–18 June 2026
  • Historic Fact: First Indian PM to visit Slovakia since its independence (1993)
  • France Events: Bharat Innovates, G7 Summit, VivaTech Summit
  • French President: Emmanuel Macron
  • Slovak PM: Robert Fico
  • Slovak President: Peter Pellegrini
  • Key Focus Areas: Innovation, AI, trade, manufacturing, energy security, and global cooperation.

ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2026 Begins in England and Wales

The 10th ICC Women’s T20 World Cup officially began on 12 June 2026 in England and Wales. The tournament has expanded to a record 12 teams, making it the largest edition in the history of the Women’s T20 World Cup.

The competition will be held from 12 June to 5 July 2026 across seven venues, including Edgbaston, Lord’s, Old Trafford, Headingley, and Hampshire Bowl. The teams are divided into two groups of six, with the top two teams from each group advancing to the semi-finals.

India, led by Harmanpreet Kaur, will begin its campaign against Pakistan on 14 June 2026 at Edgbaston, Birmingham. Smriti Mandhana serves as the vice-captain of the Indian team. India, which has reached the semi-finals multiple times, is aiming to win its first-ever Women’s T20 World Cup title.

The defending champions are New Zealand, who won the 2024 edition. The tournament features a total prize pool of USD 8.76 million.

PM Modi Chairs 11th Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog

Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired the 11th Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog on 11 June 2026 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre, New Delhi. The meeting was held under the theme “Inclusive Human Development for Viksit Bharat @2047.”

The meeting brought together Chief Ministers, Lieutenant Governors, Union Ministers, and NITI Aayog officials to discuss strategies for achieving inclusive and sustainable development across the country.

Key focus areas included human capital development, future-ready skills, employment generation, entrepreneurship, healthcare, nutrition, and social equity. The discussions emphasized strengthening governance, digital public infrastructure, data-driven policymaking, and cooperation between the Centre and States.

2026 FIFA World Cup Kicks Off: Exam-Oriented Notes

The 2026 FIFA World Cup officially began on 11 June 2026. It is being jointly hosted by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, making it the first FIFA World Cup hosted by three countries and the first edition featuring 48 teams. The opening match was played between Mexico and South Africa at Mexico City Stadium (Estadio Azteca). (FIFA)

Key Facts: FIFA World Cup 2026

  • Edition: 23rd FIFA World Cup
  • Host Countries: Canada, Mexico, United States
  • Teams: 48 (highest ever)
  • Matches: 104
  • Opening Match: Mexico vs South Africa
  • Opening Venue: Mexico City Stadium (Estadio Azteca)
  • Final: 19 July 2026, New York–New Jersey Stadium

Exam-Ready One-Liners

  • FIFA stands for Fédération Internationale de Football Association.
  • FIFA was founded in 1904.
  • FIFA headquarters is located in Zurich, Switzerland.
  • The first FIFA World Cup was held in 1930 in Uruguay.
  • Uruguay won the inaugural FIFA World Cup.
  • The 2026 FIFA World Cup is hosted by Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
  • The 2026 edition features 48 teams and 104 matches.
  • Brazil is the most successful FIFA World Cup team with 5 titles.
  • Argentina are the defending champions, having won the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

Reliance and Meta Partner to Build India’s First AI Hyperscale Data Centre

In June 2026, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and Meta Platforms announced a landmark partnership to build India’s first custom-built AI-enabled hyperscale data centre at Jamnagar, Gujarat. The facility will support large-scale artificial intelligence training and processing workloads.

Under the agreement, Reliance will design, construct, operate, and manage the data centre, while Meta will lease its entire computing capacity. The project’s first phase will provide 168 MW of computing power and is expected to become operational within 24 months.

The data centre will be directly connected to Meta’s Project Waterworth, a global subsea cable network spanning over 50,000 km, enabling faster and more efficient data processing for users of WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook in India.

The project also emphasizes sustainability. It will operate on 100% renewable energy, supported by new solar and wind projects, and will use desalinated seawater-based cooling systems to reduce pressure on freshwater resources.

This initiative strengthens the growing partnership between Reliance and Meta and positions India as a major hub in the global artificial intelligence infrastructure ecosystem.

China’s Chang’e-7 Mission Achieves Breakthrough in Lunar Water Exploration

On 8 June 2026, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced a major milestone in lunar exploration through its Chang’e-7 mission. The mission successfully demonstrated the extraction and analysis of water molecules from the Moon’s south pole region, marking a significant step toward the utilization of lunar resources.

The Chang’e-7 mission aims to directly detect and map water ice deposits in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon’s south pole, including the Shackleton Crater. The mission includes an orbiter, lander, rover, relay satellite, and a flying mini-probe (hopper) designed to explore deep craters that never receive sunlight.

The discovery is important because lunar water could support future human missions by providing drinking water, oxygen, and rocket fuel. It is also expected to play a key role in China’s plan to establish an International Lunar Research Station in the 2030s.

Narendra Modi Becomes India’s Longest-Serving Elected Prime Minister

On 10 June 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi became the longest-serving elected Prime Minister in India’s history. He completed 4,399 consecutive days in office, surpassing the record of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, who served 4,398 days as an elected Prime Minister between 1952 and 1964.

Prime Minister Modi first took oath on 26 May 2014 and has since led the country through three consecutive terms. His tenure has been marked by major developments in digital governance, infrastructure, welfare delivery, economic growth, and India’s global influence.

Amit Shah Launches ‘Vinimay’ Land Port Management System (LPMS)

Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Land Port Management System (LPMS) ‘Vinimay’ on 9 June 2026. The new digital platform aims to modernize and streamline operations at India’s land ports by enabling seamless coordination among customs, immigration, border security forces, and other agencies.

The LPMS introduces end-to-end digital processing for cargo and passenger movement, including slot booking, payments, tracking, and single-window clearances. It is integrated with major national platforms such as ICEGATE, ULIP, and the motor vehicle ecosystem, ensuring efficient and transparent border management.

The Land Ports Authority of India (LPAI), under the Ministry of Home Affairs, currently manages 15 land ports across India’s borders with Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

India Records Current Account Surplus of $7.1 Billion in Q4 of FY 2025–26

India recorded a current account surplus of 7.1 billion US dollars (0.7% of GDP) during the January–March quarter of FY 2025–26, according to the latest report released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

For the entire financial year 2025–26, India’s current account deficit (CAD) stood at 25.2 billion US dollars (0.6% of GDP), compared to 22.9 billion US dollars in FY 2024–25.

The RBI report noted that the merchandise trade deficit widened to 83.4 billion US dollars in the fourth quarter, while net services receipts increased to 60.4 billion US dollars, providing support to the external sector.

India also witnessed an increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), with net inflows rising to 6.9 billion US dollars during FY 2025–26, compared to 1.0 billion US dollars in the previous year. However, Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) recorded a net outflow of 16.4 billion US dollars during the fiscal year.

The report further stated that India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by 7.2 billion US dollars in the January–March quarter, although reserves declined by 23.6 billion US dollars during the entire FY 2025–26 on a Balance of Payments (BoP) basis.

President Murmu Honours Armed Forces and Police Personnel with Gallantry Awards

President Droupadi Murmu conferred India’s prestigious Gallantry Awards at the Defence Investiture Ceremony 2026 (Phase-I) held at Rashtrapati Bhavan on 8 June 2026. The awards recognized exceptional acts of bravery by personnel of the Armed Forces, Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), and other security agencies.

The ceremony was attended by Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.

Several personnel were awarded the Kirti Chakra, Shaurya Chakra, and Vir Chakra for their courage in counter-terrorism operations, anti-insurgency missions, border security duties, aviation emergencies, maritime expeditions, and humanitarian rescue operations.

Among the notable awardees was Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, one of India’s selected Gaganyatris, who received the Kirti Chakra. Numerous soldiers and officers were also honoured for their bravery in operations across Jammu & Kashmir, the Northeast, and along India’s borders. Several gallantry awards were conferred posthumously in recognition of supreme sacrifice in the service of the nation.

India Wins SAFF Women’s Championship 2026, Clinches Record Sixth Title

India won the SAFF Women’s Championship 2026 title by defeating defending champions Bangladesh 3-1 in the final played at Madgaon, Goa, on 6 June 2026. With this victory, the Blue Tigresses lifted the trophy after a gap of seven years and secured a record sixth SAFF Women’s Championship title.

India took the lead through Pyari Xaxa, while Ritu Porna Chakma equalized for Bangladesh before halftime. In the second half, goals from Sanfida and Linda Kom helped India dominate the match and seal a memorable 3-1 win. Throughout the tournament, the Indian team displayed impressive form and finished as deserving champions.

French Open 2026: Zverev and Andreeva Win Singles Titles

Alexander Zverev won his maiden Grand Slam at the French Open 2026, defeating Italy’s Flavio Cobolli in a dramatic five-set final. In women’s singles, 19-year-old Mirra Andreeva claimed her first Grand Slam title, marking a breakthrough moment in her career.

🎾 French Open 2026 – Key Highlights

🏆 Men’s Singles

  • Champion: Alexander Zverev (Germany).
  • Final Opponent: Flavio Cobolli (Italy).
  • Scoreline: 6–1, 4–6, 6–4, 6–7(5), 6–1.
  • Significance:
    • Zverev’s first Grand Slam title after losing three previous finals.
    • First German man to win a Grand Slam since Boris Becker and the first German ever to win Roland Garros.

👩 Women’s Singles

  • Champion: Mirra Andreeva (Russia).
  • Achievement: Won her first Grand Slam title at just 19 years old.

Shreyas Iyer Appointed India’s New T20 Captain; Sooryavanshi Included in Squad

The BCCI has appointed Shreyas Iyer as the new captain of India’s T20 International team, replacing Suryakumar Yadav, on 6 June 2026. The decision marks the beginning of a new leadership cycle for Indian cricket ahead of major events such as the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics and the next T20 World Cup.

Shreyas Iyer will lead India in the upcoming T20 series against Ireland and England, as well as the Asian Games 2026 in Japan. Tilak Varma has been named the vice-captain of the team.

The BCCI has also included young sensation Vaibhav Sooryvanshi in the squad for the first time, following his great IPL 2026 season, scoring highest runs. Prince Yadav has also been added to the squad.

Shreyas Iyer brings strong leadership experience, having captained Delhi Capitals, Kolkata Knight Riders, Punjab Kings, and Mumbai in domestic cricket. He has also been one of the most consistent performers in recent IPL seasons.

R. Praggnanandhaa Becomes First Indian to Win Norway Chess Title

Indian Grandmaster R. Praggnanandhaa created history by becoming the first Indian to win the Norway Chess title on 5 June 2026 in Oslo, Norway. The 20-year-old achieved the feat by defeating Germany’s Vincent Keymer in the final round.

Praggnanandhaa finished the tournament with 18 points and won the championship after a remarkable comeback. During the event, he registered impressive victories against top players, including World No. 1 Magnus Carlsen and World Champion D. Gukesh.

Surha Tal in Ballia Declared India’s 100th Ramsar Site

Surha Tal (Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary) in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh has officially been designated as India’s 100th Ramsar site on June 5, 2026, marking a historic milestone in wetland conservation. This 3,400-hectare wetland is rich in avifaunal biodiversity, supports migratory birds, recharges groundwater, and strengthens climate resilience.

🌿 Key Highlights of Surha Tal’s Ramsar Designation

  • Location: Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh
  • Official Name: Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary (popularly known as Surha Tal)
  • Area Covered: ~3,400 hectares
  • Declared As: India’s 100th Ramsar site on World Environment Day (June 5, 2026)
  • Ecological Importance:
    • Habitat for migratory and resident birds
    • Supports local irrigation and groundwater recharge
    • Acts as a buffer against floods and droughts
    • Enhances climate resilience and biodiversity conservation

📖 What is a Ramsar Site?

  • Definition: Wetlands of international importance recognized under the Ramsar Convention (1971, Iran).
  • India’s Membership: Joined in 1982; now has 100 Ramsar sites across states and union territories.
  • Global Context: UK leads with 176 sites; India ranks among the top three globally.
  • Functions of Ramsar Wetlands:
    • Flood control and water purification
    • Carbon storage and climate regulation
    • Habitat for endangered species
    • Livelihood support for local communities

📊First Ramsar Site in India – Chilika Lake (Odisha) & Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan)

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