Current Affairs

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  • Science & Technology – ISRO, DRDO, space missions, innovations, discoveries

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Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) Launched on 30 October 2025

The National launch of the Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) was successfully held on 30 October 2025 in New Delhi, jointly organized by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, the Ministry of Education (Department of School Education and Literacy), and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. The event was graced by Prof. S. P. Singh Baghel, Union Minister of State for Panchayati Raj and Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, and Shri Durgadas Uikey, Union Minister of State for Tribal Affairs.

During the event, the Training Module on Model Youth Gram Sabha and the MYGS Portal were launched to support effective implementation, teacher capacity building, and student engagement in grassroots democracy. The initiative will be implemented in over 1,000 schools across India, including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs), and State Government Schools.

The Model Youth Gram Sabha is a pioneering initiative aimed at promoting Janbhagidari (public participation) and participatory local governance by involving students in simulated Gram Sabha sessions. Aligned with the National Education Policy 2020, it seeks to instill democratic values, civic responsibility, and leadership skills among the youth, fostering the vision of a Viksit Bharat.

President Droupadi Murmu Becomes First Indian President to Fly in Rafale Fighter Jet

On 29 October 2025, President Droupadi Murmu undertook a 25-minute sortie in a Rafale fighter jet from Ambala Air Force Station, Haryana, piloted by Group Captain Amit Gehani. The aircraft flew at an altitude of about 15,000 feet, covering nearly 200 km at a speed of 700 km/h before safely returning to base.

President Murmu became the first Indian President to fly in two IAF fighter aircraft, having earlier flown in a Sukhoi-30 MKI in 2023. She described the experience as unforgettable.

8th Central Pay Commission (CPC) – Overview and Key Details

The 8th Central Pay Commission (CPC) was officially constituted in January 2025 to revise salaries, pensions, and service conditions of over 50 lakh Central Government employees and 70 lakh pensioners. Its recommendations are expected to be implemented from January 1, 2026.

🏛️ About the Central Pay Commission

The Central Pay Commission is a periodic body established by the Government of India to review and recommend changes in pay, allowances, and pensions of Central Government employees, defence personnel, and pensioners.
It is typically formed every 10 years — the 7th CPC was implemented in 2016.

📅 Key Details of the 8th CPC

  • Announced: January 2025
  • Terms of Reference Approved: October 2025
  • Chairperson: Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai (Former Supreme Court Judge)
  • Members:
    • Pulak Ghosh (IIM Bangalore) – Part-Time Member
    • Pankaj Jain (Petroleum Secretary) – Member-Secretary
  • Report Submission Timeline: Within 18 months
  • Implementation Date: Likely from January 1, 2026

🎯 Scope and Objectives

The 8th CPC will examine and recommend changes related to:

  • Pay structure and allowances of government employees
  • Pension and retirement benefits
  • Service conditions and career progression
  • Impact on state finances (as many states adopt CPC guidelines)
  • Fiscal prudence to balance welfare and budgetary sustainability

👥 Beneficiaries

  • Central Government employees (Groups A, B, C)
  • Defence personnel
  • Pensioners
  • Employees of autonomous bodies following CPC norms

Cyclone Montha Hits Andhra Pradesh and Yanam Coasts on 28 Oct 2025

Severe Cyclonic Storm Montha made landfall between Machilipatnam and Kalingapatnam on the night of 28 October 2025, with wind speeds of 90–100 km/h. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that landfall began near Kakinada at 7 PM.

The storm brought very heavy rainfall across Andhra Pradesh, causing damage to over 43,000 hectares of crops. Nellore district recorded the highest rainfall during the event.

IMD forecast continued light to moderate rainfall across most parts of Andhra Pradesh and Yanam, with heavy to very heavy rainfall at several places and extremely heavy rainfall (>20 cm) at isolated locations.

The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) deployed 26 teams — 12 in Andhra Pradesh, 6 in Odisha, 3 in northern Tamil Nadu, and additional teams in Chhattisgarh and Telangana.

HAL and Russia’s UAC to Co-produce SJ-100 Passenger Aircraft in India

On 28 October 2025, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation (PJSC-UAC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Moscow to jointly produce the SJ-100 civil commuter aircraft in India.

The SJ-100 is a twin-engine, narrow-body passenger aircraft already in service with over 16 airlines worldwide, with more than 200 units produced globally.

This collaboration builds on the long-standing India–Russia aerospace partnership and aims to meet India’s rising demand for regional jets, projected to exceed 200 aircraft in the next decade, plus another 350 for the Indian Ocean region and nearby tourist destinations.

This marks the first complete passenger aircraft production in India since the AVRO HS-748 programme (1961–1988). The SJ-100, to be built for India’s domestic market, will enhance short-haul air connectivity under the UDAN regional connectivity scheme.

Special Intensive Revision of Electoral Rolls to Cover 12 States and UTs

The second phase of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls will be conducted in 12 States and Union Territories, with the final voter list to be published on February 7, 2026.

Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar, in a briefing on October 27, 2025, announced that the revision will cover about 51 crore voters across Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Goa, Kerala, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and Lakshadweep.

The process includes:

  • Printing and training (Oct 27 – Nov 3, 2025)
  • Enumeration phase (till Dec 4, 2025)
  • Draft rolls publication (Dec 9, 2025)
  • Claims and objections (Dec 9, 2025 – Jan 8, 2026)
  • Verification and hearings (till Jan 31, 2026)

Voter lists in these areas are now frozen, and Booth Level Officers will distribute Unique Enumeration Forms to registered voters. Voters whose names appeared on the 2003 rolls will not need to submit additional documents.

Vigilance Awareness Week 2025 from October 27 to November 2

Vigilance Awareness Week 2025 is being observed across India from October 27 to November 2 under the theme “Vigilance: Our Shared Responsibility” (सतर्कता: हमारी साझा जिम्मेदारी). Organized by the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), the observance aims to promote integrity, transparency, and accountability in public life.

The week coincides with the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (October 31) and emphasizes participative and preventive vigilance through public outreach. Various government departments, PSUs, and institutions are organizing activities like integrity pledges, seminars, rallies, and competitions to raise awareness.

The campaign underscores that vigilance is not just the task of authorities but a collective civic duty essential for ethical governance and a corruption-free society.

8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly Held from October 27–30, 2025, in New Delhi

The 8th International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly was held from October 27–30, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, with participation from 124 countries and over 40 ministers. Centered on the theme “One Sun, One World, One Grid,” the event focused on strengthening global cooperation for solar energy expansion.

President Droupadi Murmu delivered the first-ever presidential keynote at an ISA Assembly, highlighting India’s leadership in sustainable solar growth. Minister Pralhad Joshi showcased India’s clean energy achievements, including attaining 50% of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil sources and becoming the third-largest solar power producer globally.

The Assembly reviewed progress on solar financing, technology transfer, and grid integration while launching new initiatives in solar R&D, training, and green hydrogen. As the ISA’s host nation, India reaffirmed its pivotal role in promoting affordable and universal solar access, aligning with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of making solar energy central to global climate action.

Javier Milei’s Party Wins Argentina’s 2025 Midterm Elections by a Landslide

On 27 October 2025, Argentine President Javier Milei led his party La Libertad Avanza to a landslide victory in the midterm elections. The party secured 41% of the vote, winning 13 of 24 Senate seats and 64 of 127 lower-house seats, a major gain from its earlier tally of 7 Senate and 37 lower-house seats.

Milei celebrated the result as a rejection of Argentina’s past economic failures, following two years of his radical spending cuts and free-market reforms.

Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025

The Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) 2025 honored 24 individuals and one team for their outstanding contributions to science, technology, and innovation. The Vigyan Ratna, awarded posthumously to renowned astrophysicist Dr. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, recognized lifetime achievement in science, while Dr. S. Venkata Mohan, Director of CSIR-NEERI, received the Vigyan Shri for his pioneering work in environmental biotechnology.

Instituted by the Government of India, the RVP is a national-level award modeled on the Padma Awards and celebrates excellence across four categories — Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team. Announced on October 25, 2025, by the Principal Scientific Adviser, the awards aim to promote scientific innovation, youth engagement, and interdisciplinary research aligned with India’s vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and technology-driven growth.

NAKSHA Programme: Modernizing Urban Land Records in India

The NAKSHA Programme (National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations) is a pilot initiative launched in February 2025 by India’s Department of Land Resources (DoLR) under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP). It aims to modernize urban land records using geospatial and GIS technologies for better governance and transparency.

Covering 157 urban local bodies across 27 states and 3 union territories, the programme spans over 4,484 sq. km, benefiting more than 1.5 crore citizens. It was inaugurated by Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in Raisen, Madhya Pradesh.

The initiative uses drone-based mapping, GIS integration, and digital land records to ensure accurate property data, efficient urban planning, and easier dispute resolution. Implemented with support from the Survey of India, NICSI, MPSeDC, and state land departments, NAKSHA is a step toward digital, transparent, and citizen-friendly land governance, with plans for nationwide expansion in the future.

ASEAN Summit 2025 (Kuala Lumpur, Oct 26–28)

The 47th ASEAN Summit 2025, held in Kuala Lumpur under the theme “Inclusivity and Sustainability”, marked a historic expansion as East Timor (Timor-Leste) became ASEAN’s 11th member. Hosted by Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, the summit gathered leaders from ASEAN nations along with major partners including the US, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.

Key discussions focused on regional stability, economic integration, climate action, and digital connectivity. Notably, US President Donald Trump attended in person, while Indian PM Narendra Modi joined virtually, reaffirming India’s commitment to the Act East Policy and maritime cooperation.

Major outcomes included progress in US-China trade dialogue, efforts toward a Thailand–Cambodia peace deal, and commitments to green growth, health security, and maritime safety. The summit also outlined ASEAN’s Vision 2045, emphasizing a resilient, sustainable, and people-centered regional community.

ASEAN Member Countries

As of 2025, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has 11 member countries, after the inclusion of East Timor (Timor-Leste).

Here’s the complete list:

No.CountryCapital
1Brunei DarussalamBandar Seri Begawan
2CambodiaPhnom Penh
3IndonesiaJakarta
4Laos (Lao PDR)Vientiane
5MalaysiaKuala Lumpur
6MyanmarNaypyidaw
7PhilippinesManila
8SingaporeSingapore
9ThailandBangkok
10VietnamHanoi
11East Timor (Timor-Leste) (joined in 2025)Dili

Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) on October 31

Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) is observed annually on October 31 to mark the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India’s Iron Man who unified 562 princely states after Independence. The 2025 celebration, held at Ekta Nagar in Gujarat, is of special significance as it marks Patel’s 150th birth anniversary.

The event features a grand parade and cultural festival with participation from Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), State Police, and NCC cadets. Highlights include cavalry and camel-mounted contingents, martial arts displays, and performances by women personnel from CISF and CRPF. The Guard of Honor to the Prime Minister will be led by a female officer, symbolizing women’s empowerment.

Indigenous dog breeds like the Rampur Hound and Mudhol Hound (“Riya”) will perform demonstrations. The celebration will also include Assam Police’s motorcycle stunts, BSF’s Camel Band, and a Surya Kiran air show by the Indian Air Force.

State and UT tableaux will showcase the theme “Unity in Diversity,” while brass bands and cultural performances by 900 artists will highlight India’s heritage. Gallantry award winners from BSF and CRPF will be honored for bravery in anti-Naxal and counter-terror operations.

From November 1–15, 2025, Bharat Parv will be hosted in Ekta Nagar, featuring cultural programs, food festivals, and will conclude with Birsa Munda Jayanti celebrations, emphasizing national unity, cultural diversity, and patriotism.

Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) Raising Day: October 24

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) celebrates its Raising Day on October 24, marking its establishment in 1962 after the India-China war. Tasked with guarding the 3,488 km India-China border across extreme Himalayan terrains from Ladakh to Arunachal Pradesh, ITBP personnel serve at altitudes between 9,000 and 18,700 feet under harsh weather conditions.

Their responsibilities include border patrols, disaster relief, rescue operations, and internal security duties. On Raising Day, the force displays its skills through parades and demonstrations, while gallantry awards honor its heroes and martyrs. Beyond border security, ITBP also contributes to mountaineering, skiing, and community welfare in remote regions. The day stands as a tribute to the bravery, resilience, and dedication of these “Guardians of the Himalayan Frontiers.”

Delhi Conducts Successful Artificial Rain Trial in Burari; Full Cloud Seeding Planned for October 29 to Fight Pollution

Delhi has successfully conducted a trial of artificial rain through cloud seeding in the Burari area on October 23, 2025, to combat rising pollution levels. The initiative, led by CM Rekha Gupta in collaboration with IIT Kanpur, used silver iodide and sodium chloride released from an aircraft to test the technology. Despite low humidity, the trial confirmed operational readiness for a full-scale cloud seeding operation planned around October 29, depending on weather conditions.

The project aims to induce rainfall to reduce air pollution, especially during Delhi’s critical pollution season caused by stubble burning and vehicular emissions. It marks a historic scientific step toward pollution control, with potential for replication in other Indian cities if successful.

Portals of Kedarnath and Yamunotri Dham Closed for Winter on Bhai Dooj 2025

On 23 October 2025, the portals of Shri Kedarnath Dham and Yamunotri Dham, two of Uttarakhand’s revered Char Dham shrines, were ceremoniously closed on the occasion of Bhai Dooj with traditional rituals, chanting of mantras, and grand floral decorations.

At Kedarnath, the temple doors were closed at 8:30 AM, and the Panchmukhi (five-faced) idol of Lord Kedarnath was placed in a Doli (palanquin) to begin its journey to its winter abode at Omkareshwar Temple, Ukhimath. The Doli will reach Ukhimath on 25 October, where the idol will be ceremoniously installed for six months of winter worship.

Similarly, the Yamunotri Dham in Uttarkashi closed its doors at 12:30 PM, and the palanquin of Goddess Yamuna departed for Kharsali, her winter seat, where devotees can continue to offer prayers until the next pilgrimage season.

This year, over 24 lakh devotees visited both Kedarnath and Yamunotri during the pilgrimage season. On the closing day, Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami offered prayers at Kedarnath, seeking the happiness, prosperity, and well-being of the people of the state.

Gaganyaan G1 Mission; Launch Planned for December 2025

On 23 October 2025, ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan announced that 90% of work on the Gaganyaan uncrewed test flight mission (G1) has been completed, with the launch scheduled for the first week of December 2025. He confirmed that all key tests — including those on the crew module, escape system, parachute, and communication subsystems — have been successfully conducted. The Vyomamitra humanoid will fly aboard this uncrewed mission to low Earth orbit.

The final crewed Gaganyaan mission is targeted for 2027, during which three Indian astronauts will travel to space and return safely.

Dr. Narayanan also provided updates on other ISRO projects:

  • The NISAR Earth Observation Satellite will have its payloads operational within 10–15 days.
  • The first base module of the Bharatiya Antriksh Station will be launched by 2028, with the space station expected by 2035.
  • The NAVIC navigation satellite constellation (seven satellites) will be fully operational by 2027.
  • The Mars Lander Mission configuration is under development and awaiting approval.
  • ISRO is advancing technology for next-generation multi-stage rockets capable of lifting 75,000–80,000 kg, designed for human and deep space missions.

India Rises to 9th Globally in Total Forest Area: FAO’s GFRA 2025 Report

India has risen to the 9th position globally in total forest area, as per the Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025 released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Bali. The country also retains its 3rd rank worldwide in annual forest area gain, showcasing strong progress in sustainable forest management and ecological balance.

Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav shared the achievement, crediting the rise from 10th to 9th rank to the government’s effective forest conservation and afforestation policies under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Key initiatives include the ‘Ek Ped Ma Ke Naam’ campaign, which inspires citizens to plant trees in tribute to their mothers, strengthening community participation in environmental efforts.

Book Launch – “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security” by Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd)

The book “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security”, authored by Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd), was launched on 22 October 2025 in New Delhi. It presents a strategic framework for integrating India’s military capabilities with civil institutions to strengthen national power and comprehensive security. The book highlights Civil-Military Fusion (CMF) as essential for modern warfare, emphasizing jointness, integration, and innovation across defence, governance, and technology sectors.

Launched by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, the event also featured CDS Gen Anil Chauhan and Army Chief Gen Upendra Dwivedi, who praised the concept for promoting strategic synergy. Drawing lessons from Operation Sindoor, the book showcases effective joint command and preemptive defence strategies. It aligns with ongoing defence reforms like the creation of the CDS and focus on indigenous defence production, serving as a vital guide for policymakers and strategists.

Ningol Chakouba : Manipur’s Festival Celebrating the Bond Between Sisters and Brothers

Manipur celebrated the Ningol Chakouba festival on 23 October 2025, a traditional occasion that strengthens the bond between married women and their brothers along with their paternal families.

Observed annually on the second day of Hiyangei month in the Meitei calendar, the festival involves married women visiting their parental homes with gifts like fruits and vegetables, sharing a grand feast, and receiving gifts from their brothers.

The term Ningol Chakouba translates to “feast of married women.”

Neeraj Chopra Conferred Honorary Rank of Lieutenant Colonel

On 22 October 2025, Olympic javelin champion Neeraj Chopra was conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army during a ceremony in New Delhi, attended by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi.

Mr. Singh praised Neeraj as a symbol of perseverance, patriotism, and excellence, inspiring both the sporting community and the Armed Forces.

Neeraj joined the Indian Army in 2016 as a Naib Subedar, later rising to Subedar Major. His accolades include the Arjuna Award (2018), Khel Ratna (2021), Param Vishisht Seva Medal (2022), and Padma Shri (2022), following his historic Tokyo 2020 Olympic gold medal.

India to Host FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 in Goa

India will host the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 at Resort Rio, Arpora (Goa) from October 31 to November 17, marking the tournament’s return to India after 23 years. The event will feature elite players from 82 countries, including Viswanathan Anand, Gukesh D, and Faustino Oro.

Inaugurated by Goa Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant, the tournament’s logo and anthem celebrate Goan culture and India’s chess heritage. Conducted in a knockout format, the World Cup aims to boost tourism, sports infrastructure, and reinforce India’s growing prominence in global chess. The pleasant Goan climate and scenic venue make it an ideal international sporting destination.

UDAN Scheme Completes 9 Years: 1.56 Crore Passengers Benefited Since 2016

The Regional Connectivity Scheme – UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) has enabled over 1.56 crore passengers to travel through 3.23 lakh flights since its launch on 21 October 2016 under the National Civil Aviation Policy. Marking its 9th anniversary, Civil Aviation Secretary Samir Kumar Sinha called UDAN a transformational initiative that made air travel affordable and accessible. The government plans to extend the scheme beyond April 2027 under an Expanded UDAN Framework, focusing on better connectivity to hilly, North-Eastern, and aspirational regions and developing 120 new destinations.

So far, 649 routes have connected 93 unserved and underserved airports, including 15 heliports and 2 water aerodromes. Over ₹4,300 crore has been given as Viability Gap Funding, and ₹4,638 crore invested in airport development. The government also introduced Guidelines for Seaplane Operations and launched UDAN 5.5, granting Letters of Intent for 150 new routes connecting 30 water aerodromes across coastal and island regions.

Sanae Takaichi Becomes Japan’s First Female Prime Minister

On 21 October 2025, Sanae Takaichi became Japan’s first female Prime Minister, elected by both Houses of Parliament with narrow majorities. A former TV anchor, Takaichi began her political career in 1993 and joined the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in 1996.

She has previously served in the Cabinet under Shinzo Abe, including as Economic Security Minister (2022–2024). The 64-year-old lawmaker from Nara Prefecture now faces major challenges such as slow economic growth, inflation, and yen depreciation.

Police Commemoration Day on October 21: Remembering the Heroes of Hot Springs (1959)

Police Commemoration Day is observed every year on October 21 to honor the supreme sacrifices made by police personnel in the line of duty. The day originated from the 1959 Hot Springs incident in Ladakh, where ten CRPF jawans were martyred after being ambushed by Chinese troops.

The main ceremony takes place at the National Police Memorial (NPM) in New Delhi, featuring the Wall of Valour, a central sculpture, and a museum dedicated to police history.

In 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh led the national tribute, with state-level parades, exhibitions, and outreach programs organized across India to honor fallen heroes. Police units also engaged with schools and communities to spread awareness about the courage and service of the force.

Rodrigo Paz Wins Bolivia’s Presidency, Ending 19 Years of Socialist Rule

Rodrigo Paz, leader of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC), won Bolivia’s 2025 presidential election with 54.5% of the vote, defeating former interim President Jorge “Tuto” Quiroga (45.5%) in the October 19 runoff. He will assume office on November 8, 2025.

Paz’s victory marks the end of nearly two decades of socialist dominance by the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), once led by Evo Morales. A 58-year-old economist educated in the U.S., Paz ran on a centrist and reform-oriented platform, pledging “capitalism for all”—balancing market reforms with social welfare.

Bolivia is currently facing a severe economic crisis with high inflation and fuel shortages, which fueled voter dissatisfaction. Paz now faces the challenge of governing without a legislative majority, requiring alliances to stabilize the economy, rebuild investor trust, and strengthen democracy.

Afghanistan and Pakistan Agree to Ceasefire After Deadly Border Clashes

Afghanistan and Pakistan reached an immediate ceasefire on October 18, 2025, after a week of deadly border clashes that left dozens dead and hundreds injured. The truce was brokered in Doha with mediation by Qatar and Turkiye, marking a key step toward easing tensions along the 2,600 km border.

The agreement calls for:

  • Immediate end to hostilities
  • Monitoring mechanisms for compliance
  • Follow-up peace talks for lasting stability

The conflict began on October 11, 2025, when Pakistan launched airstrikes in Kabul and Paktika, blaming Afghan-based groups for cross-border attacks—claims denied by Afghanistan.

Mohun Bagan Wins 125th IFA Shield After Thrilling Penalty Shootout

Mohun Bagan Super Giant clinched the 125th Indian Football Association (IFA) Shield by defeating East Bengal FC 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in a thrilling Kolkata Derby final at Salt Lake Stadium on October 18, 2025.

  • Goals: Hamid Ahadad (East Bengal, 36’) and Lalengmawia Ralte “Apuia” (Mohun Bagan, 45’).
  • Result: Mohun Bagan won on penalties (5–4), securing their 21st IFA Shield title and first since 2003.

🏅 About the IFA Shield:
Founded in 1893, the IFA Shield is the fourth-oldest football tournament in the world (after the FA Cup, Scottish Cup, and Durand Cup). The 2025 edition marked its return after a three-year gap, last held in 2021, when Real Kashmir FC were champions.

Rajnath Singh Unveils First Tejas LCA Mk1A Fighter Jet at HAL Nashik

On 17 October 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveiled the first Tejas LCA Mk1A fighter jet from HAL’s new Nashik production line and inaugurated a second production line for the HTT-40 trainer aircraft.

Rajnath Singh noted that before 2014, around 65–70% of defence equipment was imported, but now about 65% is produced domestically. He praised HAL Nashik for its six-decade contribution to strengthening India’s defence manufacturing.

The Tejas LCA Mk1A is an advanced, 4.5-generation, multi-role fighter jet designed to replace the MiG-21s, featuring improved avionics, air-to-air refuelling, and capabilities for air defence, ground attack, and maritime strike missions.

Q. Which organization developed the Tejas LCA Mk1A fighter jet?
A) DRDO
B) ISRO
C) Bharat Dynamics Limited
D) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

Ans: D) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

India Beats Malaysia 2-1 to Reach Sultan of Johor Cup Final

On 17 October 2025, India defeated Malaysia 2-1 in the final pool match of the Sultan of Johor Cup Men’s Hockey in Johor, Malaysia. The first quarter ended 0-0. Gurjot Singh scored for India in the 22nd minute to give a 1-0 lead at half-time. Malaysia equalized in the 43rd minute through Naaveenesh Panicker. Five minutes later, Sourabh Anand Kushwaha converted a penalty corner to secure India’s win.

With this victory, India entered the final and will face Australia.

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