25th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit held in Tianjin from 31 Aug – 1 Sep 2025, the largest in history with leaders from 20+ countries and 10 international organizations.
🔹 Key Highlights
- PM Narendra Modi attends; speaks at plenary session on India’s regional vision.
- Modi–Xi Jinping talks: focus on border issues, trade, and connectivity.
- Meeting with Vladimir Putin amid global tensions and trade disputes.
- Main focus: regional security, economic frameworks, Global South’s voice.
- China (rotating chair) hosted 100+ events before summit, driving reform & innovation.
Members
- 10 full members: China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iran (2023), Belarus (2024).
- Also has observer states (e.g., Afghanistan, Mongolia) and dialogue partners (e.g., Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia).
