Current Affairs

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UPSC Result : Aditya Srivastava secured the first position

The UPSC announced the results of the Civil Services Examination (CSE) on April 16, 2024.

  • Aditya Srivastava secured the first position, followed by Animesh Pradhan in second place and Donuru Ananya Reddy in third.
  • Notable achievements by women were highlighted, with two women among the top five candidates.
  • A total of 1016 candidates have been recommended for various services, with 664 men and 352 women.
  • The selected candidates include 347 from the General category, 115 from the Economic Weaker Section, 303 from Other Backward Caste, 165 from Scheduled Caste, and 86 from Scheduled Tribes.

Q: Who secured the first position in the Civil Services Examination, 2023?

a) Animesh Pradhan
b) Aditya Srivastava
c) Donuru Ananya Reddy
d) P K Sidharth Ramkumar

Ans : b) Aditya Srivastava

Population decline in Greece reaches alarming levels

Greece is facing a severe population decline, potentially becoming the first country to experience a “population collapse.” Mortality rates have increased due to heart failure, stroke, blood clots, and cancer among otherwise healthy young people.

  • The birth rate has dropped significantly, leading to fewer births than deaths, with just one birth per two deaths recorded in 2021.
  • Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis has referred to the situation as a “ticking time bomb.”
  • The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) projects further population decline, with Greece’s population expected to be just over 10 million by 2030.

Q: What term describes the phenomenon where a country’s population declines significantly, leading to fewer births than deaths?

A. Population surge
B. Demographic boom
C. Population collapse
D. Demographic implosion

Answer: C. Population collapse

Q: Which country is facing a severe population decline, potentially becoming the first country to experience a “population collapse”?

a) Italy
b) Greece
c) Japan
d) South Korea

Ans : b) Greece

Indian wrestlers Anju and Harshita won silver medals at Asian Wrestling Championships 2024 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Indian wrestlers Anju and Harshita won silver medals each at the Asian Wrestling Championships 2024 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

  • Anju competed in the women’s 53kg category, while Harshita participated in the women’s 72kg division.
  • Anju secured her silver with dominant victories, including wins against opponents from the Philippines and Sri Lanka, but fell short in the final against Ji Hyang Kim of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
  • Harshita’s journey ended with a silver medal after a tough loss to Qian Jiang of China in the final.
  • Manisha secured bronze in the women’s 62kg category with a convincing victory over an opponent from the Philippines.
  • Antim Panghal clinched bronze in the women’s 65kg division as her opponent from South Korea was unable to compete due to injury.
  • India’s overall medal tally in the championships rose to nine, including four silver and five bronze medals, highlighting the nation’s growing prowess in wrestling.

Q: In which city were the Asian Wrestling Championships 2024 held?

a) New Delhi, India
b) Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
c) Beijing, China
d) Tokyo, Japan

Ans : b) Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

India-France Joint Working Group meeting on Counter Terrorism took place in New Delhi

The 16th Meeting of India-France Joint Working Group on Counter Terrorism took place in New Delhi on 15 April 2024.

  • The meeting focused on assessing counter terrorism challenges, including the use of new technologies by terrorists, internet misuse for terrorism, radicalization, and terror financing.
  • Discussions also covered anti-India separatist activities, countering terror financing, organized crime, and narco-terror networks.
  • Both sides exchanged views on terrorist threats in their respective regions, including state-sponsored, cross-border terrorism in South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, as well as activities in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region.
  • The Indian delegation, led by Joint Secretary K.D. Dewal, and the French delegation, led by Ambassador Olivier Caron, participated in the meeting.
  • India presented its viewpoints on ‘No Money for Terror’ (NMFT) and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), leading to an exchange of positions.
  • Strengthening counter-terrorism cooperation was emphasized through information exchange, capacity building, training programs, exercises, and cooperation in multilateral fora.

Q: What were the main topics discussed during the 16th Meeting of India-France Joint Working Group on Counter Terrorism in New Delhi on 15 April 2024?

a) Economic cooperation
b) Climate change
c) Counter terrorism challenges
d) Space exploration

Ans : c) Counter terrorism challenges

Iran-Israel Tensions: Iran launched attack on Israel, deploying more than 300 drones and missiles

Iran-Israel Tensions: In recent days, tensions between Iran and Israel have escalated, causing global concern.

Iran’s Retaliation:

  • On April 13, 2024, Iran launched an unprecedented attack on Israel, deploying more than 300 drones and missiles.
  • Israel’s preparedness, Defence Forces (IDF) with a defense coalition of international partners shot down 99% Of Missiles, Drones From Iranian attack.
  • This assault was in retaliation for an Israeli strike on an Iranian diplomatic compound in Damascus, Syria, on April 1.

International Response:

  • President Biden condemned Iran’s attack and reaffirmed the United States’ “ironclad” commitment to Israeli security.
  • Other allies, including Germany, Canada, France, and Britain, expressed support for Israel while expressing concerns that Tehran’s actions could further destabilize the Middle East.

Q: What triggered Iran’s recent attack on Israel?

A. Israeli strike on an Iranian consulate in Damascus
B. Iran’s secret pursuit of nuclear weapons
C. Iran’s support for Hezbollah
D. Israel’s interference in Syria’s civil war

Ans : A. Israeli strike on an Iranian consulate in Damascus

DRDO and Indian Army conduct successful trials Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile Weapon System (MPATGM)

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted trials of the of indigenous Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) Weapon System at the Pokhran Field Firing Range (PFFR), Rajasthan on April 13, 2024. These trials included assessing the missile’s performance, warhead capability, and the overall effectiveness of the system.

  • The MPATGM system, which includes the missile itself, the Man Portable Launcher, the Target Acquisition System (TAS), and the Fire Control Unit (FCU), was developed indigenously by DRDO.
  • The trials demonstrated the system’s capability to meet the requirements outlined in the General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQR) of the Indian Army. Additionally, the penetration trials of the Tandem Warhead System were successful, confirming its ability to defeat modern armor-protected Main Battle Tanks (MBTs).
  • The MPATGM system features day/night and top attack capabilities, along with a dual-mode seeker functionality, enhancing its effectiveness in tank warfare.

The successful development and demonstrations mark the readiness of the system for final user evaluation trials, paving the way for its induction into the Indian Army.

Q: Where were the trials of the indigenous Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) Weapon System conducted?

a) Chandipur Integrated Test Range (ITR)
b) ISRO, Bengaluru
c) Pokhran Field Firing Range (PFFR), Rajasthan
d) DRDO Hyderabad

Ans: c) Pokhran Field Firing Range (PFFR), Rajasthan

World Quantum Day on April 14

World Quantum Day, celebrated on April 14th, aims to raise awareness about the rapidly advancing field of quantum science and its potential impact on various aspects of society.

World Quantum Day commemorates the birth anniversary of German physicist Max Planck, a pioneer in quantum theory, who laid the groundwork for understanding the quantum nature of light and energy.

  • Quantum mechanics is the science that unravels the behavior of atoms and particles—the fundamental building blocks of our universe.
  • Semiconductor Chips: The chips powering our smartphones and computers operate using quantum principles.
  • LASERS, LED Lights, and Monitors: These innovations stem from our understanding of quantum mechanics.
  • GPS Accuracy: Ultra-precise atomic clocks based on quantum mechanics underpin the Global Positioning System (GPS).
  • Medical Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners rely on quantum principles.

Future technologies, including quantum computers, quantum sensors, and quantum communication devices, hold the promise of transformative applications.

Q: Who is commemorated on World Quantum Day?

a) Albert Einstein

b) Max Planck
c) Niels Bohr
d) Werner Heisenberg

Ans : b) Max Planck

Q: What role does Max Planck play in the development of quantum theory?

a) He discovered the electron
b) He formulated the theory of general relativity
c) He introduced the concept of quantized energy
d) He invented the first quantum computer

Ans : c) He introduced the concept of quantized energy

Ambedkar Jayanti: April 14th

Ambedkar Jayanti: Also known as Bhim Jayanti, it is an annual celebration held on April 14th to honor the birth anniversary of Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar.

key points about Ambedkar Jayanti:

  1. Birth Anniversary of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar:
    • Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was born on April 14, 1891.
    • His contributions spanned various fields, including law, economics, and social justice.
  2. Equality Day:
    • In India, Dr. Ambedkar’s birthday is also referred to as “Equality Day” by some.
    • This highlights his tireless efforts to fight for the rights of marginalized communities, including untouchables (Dalits), women, and laborers.
  3. Ambedkar’s Legacy:
    • Dr. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution.
    • He championed social justice, equality, and the eradication of caste-based discrimination.
    • His work laid the foundation for a democratic and inclusive India.

Q: What was the birth date of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar?

A) April 14, 1891
B) May 15, 1920
C) March 10, 1918
D) June 5, 1921

Answer: A) April 14, 1891

Q: What significant role did Dr. B. R. Ambedkar play in Indian history?

A) Architect of the Indian Constitution
B) Prime Minister of India
C) Leader of the Quit India Movement
D) Founder of the Indian National Congress

Answer: A) Architect of the Indian Constitution

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre : 13 April 1919

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, was a tragic incident in Indian history. On 13 April 1919, General Dyer, a British officer, ordered his troops to open fire on an unarmed crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. The crowd had assembled to peacefully protest against the oppressive Rowlatt Act, which allowed for the arrest and detention of Indians without trial.

key details:

  • Date: April 13, 1919
  • Location: Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, India
  • Casualties:
    • At least 379 people lost their lives.
    • Over 1,500 were injured.
  • Context:
    • The crowd was trapped within the enclosed walls of Jallianwala Bagh, making escape impossible.
    • General Dyer’s troops fired indiscriminately, even targeting women, children, and elderly individuals.
  • Impact:
    • The massacre had a profound impact on India’s struggle for independence.
    • It permanently strained relations between India and Britain.
    • Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in response to this brutal incident.


Certainly! Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:

MCQs on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

  1. What was the date of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
    • A) April 13, 1919
    • B) May 15, 1920
    • C) March 10, 1918
    • D) June 5, 1921
    Answer: A) April 13, 1919
  2. Where did the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre take place?
    • A) Delhi
    • B) Lahore
    • C) Amritsar
    • D) Kolkata
    Answer: C) Amritsar
  3. Who was the British officer responsible for ordering the firing on the unarmed crowd at Jallianwala Bagh?
    • A) General Montgomery
    • B) General Dyer
    • C) Colonel Smith
    • D) Major Brown
    Answer: B) General Dyer

India-Uzbekistan Joint Military Exercise ‘DUSTLIK’ from 15 to 28 April 2024 in Termez District, Uzbekistan.

The fifth edition of the ‘Dustlik’ Joint Military Exercise between India and Uzbekistan will be from 15 April to 28 April 2024 in Termez District, Uzbekistan.

  • The exercise aims to enhance collaboration and future military interactions between the Indian Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan.
  • The previous edition of the exercise was held in February 2023 at the Foreign Training Node, Pithoragarh in Uttarakhand, focusing on sharing best practices in subconventional operations under UN mandates.
  • Each side had forty-five soldiers participating, fostering positive relations between the armies of both nations.
  • The Indian Army contingent included troops from an infantry battalion from the Garhwal Rifles Regiment.
  • The first edition of the exercise took place in Uzbekistan in November 2019.

Q: The fifth edition of which Joint Military Exercise held between India and Uzbekistan from 15 April to 28 April 2024 in Termez District, Uzbekistan?

a) Dustlik Joint Military Exercise
b) Surya Kiran Joint Military Exercise
c) Varuna Joint Military Exercise
d) Malabar Joint Military Exercise

Correct answer: a) Dustlik Joint Military Exercise

Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT)

Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) are the backbone of India’s electoral process conducted by Election Commission of India (ECI).

History, design, and significance of EVMs

  1. Introduction and Evolution:
    • EVMs were introduced as an alternative to paper ballots. The ballot papers were prone to fraudulent voting and booth capturing.
    • Developed and tested by the state-owned Electronics Corporation of India (ECIL) and Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) in the 1990s.
    • EVMs were gradually phased into Indian elections between 1998 and 2001.
  2. Design and Technology:
    • EVMs are standalone machines with secure manufacturing practices.
    • They are self-contained, battery-powered, and lack any networking capability.
    • EVMs do not have wireless or wired internet components, ensuring tamper-proof operation.
    • The M3 version includes the Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system.
  3. Functionality and Security Features:
    • EVMs electronically limit the rate of casting votes to five per minute.
    • A security “lock-close” feature ensures integrity.
    • An electronic database stores “voting signatures and thumb impressions” to confirm voter identity.
  4. Advantages:
    • Reduced electoral fraud voting and booth capturing.
    • Fairer and more competitive elections.
  5. Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT):
    • VVPAT was introduced after court rulings, to provides transparency.
    • It allows voters to verify their vote through a printed paper trail.
    • EVMs and VVPATs are now used in every assembly and general election in India.
  6. Recent Developments:
    • In 2019, the Supreme Court ordered the use of VVPAT in every assembly constituency, verifying a small percentage of EVMs before certifying final results.

Q: What does VVPAT stand for in the context of EVMs?

A) Verified Voter Paper Authentication Technology
B) Voter-Verified Polling Accuracy Tracker
C) Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail
D) Verified Voting Process and Accountability Tool

Ans : C) Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail

Q: Which organization developed and tested EVMs in India during the 1990s?

A) Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL)
B) Electronics Corporation of India(ECIL) and Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL)
C) Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and Electronics Corporation of India(ECIL)
D) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

Ans : B) Electronics Corporation of India(ECIL) and Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL)

Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) emerged as Highest-Ranked Indian University in World

Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), located in New Delhi, India, has recently emerged as the highest-ranked Indian university in the World University Rankings list.

Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), London-based higher education analytics firm released World University Rankings recently :

JNU has secured the 20th position globally in the field of development studies

JNU emerged as the country’s top-ranked university in the subjects of Geography, History, Modern Languages, Politics & International Relations, Anthropology, English Language & Literature, and Linguistics.

Q: What position did JNU secure globally in the field of development studies according to the QS World University Rankings?

a) 10th
b) 20th
c) 30th
d) 40th

Ans : b) 20th

Q: In which subjects did JNU emerge as the top-ranked university in India?

a) Physics, Chemistry, Biology
b) Economics, Mathematics, Computer Science
c) Geography, History, Modern Languages
d) Engineering, Medicine, Law

Ans : c) Geography, History, Modern Languages

Eid-ul-Fitr celebrated on April 11, 2024

Eid-ul-Fitr is a significant festival celebrated by Muslims worldwide, marking the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting. In 2024, Eid-ul-Fitr celebrated on April 11 in India.

  1. Ramadan involves fasting from dawn to dusk, and Eid-ul-Fitr signifies the culmination of this month-long spiritual practice.
  2. Celebrations include breaking the fast joyfully, performing special prayers, expressing gratitude to Allah, seeking forgiveness, and gathering with family.

Q: When does Eid-ul-Fitr occur?

A) At the beginning of Ramadan
B) In the third week of Ramadan
C) At the end of Ramadan
D) Last Friday of Ramadan

Ans : C) At the end of Ramadan

Simon Harris became Ireland’s youngest ever prime minister

Simon Harris became Ireland’s youngest prime minister on April 9, 2024.

  1. Harris, aged 37, previously served as health and higher education minister.
  2. His election as leader of Fine Gael last month made him the successor to Leo Varadkar as the country’s 16th prime minister.
  3. Harris has significant political experience, having been elected to parliament at 24 and appointed to cabinet before turning 30.

Q: Who became Ireland’s youngest prime minister on April 9, 2024?

a) Leo Varadkar
b) Simon Harris
c) Micheal Martin
d) Michael McGrath

Ans : b) Simon Harris

ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 Team Honoured With John L ‘Jack’ Swigert Jr Award

ISRO Chandrayaan-3 mission team awarded the 2024 John L ‘Jack’ Swigert Jr. award for space exploration by the US-based Space Foundation. The award ceremony took place during the Space Symposium’s annual opening ceremony in Colorado on April 8, 2024.

  1. DC Manjunath, Consul General of India in Houston, accepted the award on behalf of ISRO’s Chandrayaan team.
  2. Space Foundation CEO Heather Pringle praised India’s leadership in space, emphasizing Chandrayaan-3 mission’s technical and engineering excellence.
  3. The John L “Jack” Swigert Jr award commemorates astronaut John L “Jack” Swigert Jr, a pivotal figure in space exploration history.
  4. Previous winners of this award include NASA, University of Arizona OSIRIS-REx team, NASA JPL Mars Ingenuity Helicopter and InSight-Mars Cube One missions, as well as NASA Dawn and Cassini missions.
  5. Space Foundation, established in 1983, is a nonprofit organization providing information, education, and collaboration opportunities for the global space ecosystem.
  6. India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission marked the first successful landing on the Moon’s South Pole in September last year, positioning India as a significant player in lunar exploration alongside the US, Russia, and China.

Q: Who was honored with the 2024 John L ‘Jack’ Swigert Jr. award for space exploration?

a) NASA
b) ISRO Chandrayaan-3 mission team
c) University of Arizona OSIRIS-REx team
d) Russian Space Agency

Ans : b) ISRO Chandrayaan-3 mission team

World Homoeopathy Day is observed annually on April 10th

World Homoeopathy Day is observed annually on April 10th to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy.

History of Homeopathy: In ancient times, Dr. Hahnemann experimented with quinine’s symptoms, laying the foundation for individualized treatment. Developed a holistic approach that became modern homeopathy’s cornerstone.

Significance of World Homoeopathy Day: World Homoeopathy Day honors the work of German physician and chemist Dr. Samuel Hahnemann on his birth anniversary.

Theme for World Homoeopathy Day 2024: “Homeoparivar: One Health, One Family.” It emphasizes the holistic approach of homeopathy, considering the well-being of both individuals and families.

Q: When is World Homoeopathy Day observed annually?

a) April 1st
b) April 10th
c) May 5th
d) June 15th

Ans : b) April 10th

Q: Who is honored on World Homoeopathy Day?

a) Dr. Albert Einstein
b) Dr. Samuel Hahnemann
c) Dr. Louis Pasteur
d) Dr. Sigmund Freud

Ans : b) Dr. Samuel Hahnemann

Sumit Nagal becomes first ever Indian to win main draw match in Monte Carlo Masters

Indian tennis player Sumit Nagal stuns 35th ranked Matteo Arnaldi and becomes first ever Indian to win main draw match at Monte Carlo Masters on 8th April 2024 .

  • Sumit Nagal defeated Arnaldi in the thrilling three-set 5-7, 6-2, 6-4 at the ATP Masters event.
  • The unseeded 95th-ranked Nagal, is only the third Indian to feature in the main draw in Monte Carlo after Vijay Amritraj in 1977 and Ramesh Krishanan in 1982.
  • He also becomes the first-ever male Indian singles player to win a Masters 1000 match on clay.

Q: Who became the first-ever Indian to win a main draw match at the Monte Carlo Masters?

a) Vijay Amritraj
b) Ramesh Krishnan
c) Sumit Nagal
d) Leander Paes

Correct answer: c) Sumit Nagal

Chaitra Sukladi, Ugadi, Gudi Padwa, Cheti Chand, Navreh and Sajibu Cheiraoba

Chaitra Sukladi: Beginning of Vikram samvat 2081. Chaitra Sukladi marks the New Year’s Day according to the Hindu calendar in parts of North India. It falls on the first day of the Chaitra month, which is the first month of the Hindu calendar.

Ugadi: Ugadi is celebrated as the New Year’s Day in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Karnataka. On this day, people clean their homes, decorate doorways with mango leaves, and prepare a special dish called “Ugadi Pachadi,” which symbolizes the various flavors of life.

Gudi Padwa: Gudi Padwa is the New Year celebration in the state of Maharashtra. People raise a “Gudi” (a decorated pole) outside their homes, signifying victory and good fortune.

Cheti Chand: Cheti Chand is the New Year for the Sindhi community. People visit temples, offer prayers, and partake in community feasts. It celebrates the birth anniversary of the Sindhi patron saint, Jhulelal.

Navreh: Navreh is the Kashmiri Hindu New Year. People observe fasting, visit temples, and seek blessings for the year ahead. It signifies the renewal of life and the awakening of nature after winter.

Sajibu Cheiraoba: Sajibu Cheiraoba is the Manipuri New Year. People clean their homes, light lamps, and offer prayers. It’s a time for cultural performances, traditional dances, and feasting.

Q: Which event marks the beginning of Vikram Samvat 2081?

a) Ugadi
b) Gudi Padwa
c) Chaitra Sukladi
d) Cheti Chand

Correct answer: c) Chaitra Sukladi

Q: In which states is Ugadi celebrated as the New Year’s Day?

a) Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Karnataka
b) Maharashtra
c) Punjab
d) Manipur

Correct answer: a) Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Karnataka

Q: What is raised outside homes during Gudi Padwa celebrations?

a) A decorated pole
b) A rangoli design
c) A traditional flag
d) A garland of mango leaves

Correct answer: a) A decorated pole

Q: Which community celebrates Cheti Chand as their New Year?

a) Bengali
b) Sindhi
c) Punjabi
d) Gujarati

Correct answer: b) Sindhi

World’s largest power plant : Adani Green Energy Limited renewable energy plant in Khavda, Gujarat

Adani Green Energy Limited is developing a 30 GW renewable energy plant in Khavda, Gujarat, spanning an area of 538 sq km, making it the world’s largest power plant.

  1. The project area in Khavda is five times the size of Paris and almost as large as Mumbai.
  2. The first energy flow from the project to the national grid occurred on February 14, 2024, with an initial capacity of 551 MW solar.
  3. Adani Green Energy Limited plans to invest approximately Rs 1.5 lakh crore in the project.
  4. The Khavda project will generate both solar and wind energy, with 2,000 MW of solar energy already operationalized in March 2024.
  5. The company aims to reach 6 GW of power production by March 2025 and plans to expand by a minimum of 5 GW every year thereafter.
  6. Adani Green Energy Limited aims to produce 45,000 MW of renewable energy by 2030.
  7. The project site in Khavda is equipped with waterless cleaning robots to address dust accumulation on panels and conserve water in the arid Kutch region.
  8. India is expected to avoid about 58 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually with this project.
  9. Adani Green’s renewable energy portfolio spans 12 states, with major production in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Q: Where is the world’s largest power plant being developed by Adani Green Energy Limited?

a) Khavda, Gujarat
b) Jaipur, Rajasthan
c) Mumbai, Maharashtra
d) Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Correct answer: a) Khavda, Gujarat

Tri-Service Conference  ‘Parivartan Chintan’ held in New Delhi on April 8, 2024

Parivartan Chintan: A Tri-Service Conference held in New Delhi on April 8, 2024, aimed at fostering new ideas, initiatives, and reforms for Jointness and Integration efforts.

Chaired by Chief of Defence Staff, General Anil Chauhan, the conference brought together heads of all Tri-Services Institutions, the Department of Military Affairs, Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff, and the three Services.

Discussions involved officers from diverse service backgrounds, contributing their understanding and experience to recommend measures for achieving the desired “Joint and Integrated” end state swiftly.

The Indian Armed Forces are undergoing transformative changes to prepare for future wars, with initiatives promoting Jointness and Integration amid modifications in structures to facilitate Tri-Service multi-domain operations.

Q: What was the main objective of the Parivartan Chintan Tri-Service Conference held on April 8, 2024?

a) Review ongoing military operations
b) Generate new ideas and reforms for Jointness and Integration efforts
c) Discuss budget allocations for the armed forces
d) Address internal conflicts within the military

Ans : b) Generate new ideas and reforms for Jointness and Integration efforts

Q: Who is the Chief of Defence Staff of India?

a) General Bipin Rawat
b) Admiral Karambir Singh
c) Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria
d) General Anil Chauhan

Ans : d) General Anil Chauhan

Income Tax Returns (ITRs) for Assessment Year 2024-25 from April 1, 2024

CBDT allows taxpayers to file Income Tax Returns (ITRs) for Assessment Year 2024-25 from April 1, 2024, onwards.

  1. Commonly used ITR forms such as ITR-1, ITR-2, and ITR-4 are available on the e-filing portal from April 1.
  2. Companies can file their ITRs using ITR-6.
  3. Around 23 thousand ITRs for Assessment Year 2024-25 have already been filed.
  4. The facility to file ITRs 3, 5, and 7 will be made available soon.
  5. This initiative marks the first time in recent years that taxpayers can file their returns on the first day of the new financial year.

Q: When can taxpayers file their Income Tax Returns (ITRs) for Assessment Year 2024-25 according to the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)?

a) From January 1, 2024
b) From April 1, 2024
c) From July 1, 2024
d) From October 1, 2024

Ans : b) From April 1, 2024

World Health Day:  7th April

World Health Day, celebrated annually on  7th April, and holds significant importance in the global health calendar.

Key points about World Health Day:

Origins and Purpose:

  • The day commemorates the founding of WHO and aims to raise awareness about critical health issues.
  • The World Health Assembly in 1948 decided to observe April 7th each year as World Health Day, starting from 1950 .

Theme for World Health Day 2024: “My Health, My Right”:

The theme for World Health Day 2024 is “My health, my right.”

Q: What is the theme for World Health Day 2024?

A) “Healthy Living, Happy Life”
B) “My Health, My Right”
C) “Global Wellness Awareness”
D) “Healthcare for All”

Ans : B) “My Health, My Right”

Q: When is World Health Day celebrated annually?

A) March 8th
B) April 7th
C) May 1st
D) June 15th

Ans : B) April 7th

Deposit cash through Cash Deposit Machines using Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will soon enable cash deposits through Cash Deposit Machines using Unified Payments Interface (UPI).

UPI, previously mainly used for money withdrawal or transfer, will now facilitate cash deposits, enhancing customer convenience and efficiency in currency handling at banks.

RBI is proposing to permit the use of third-party UPI apps for making UPI payments from Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPI) wallets, further boosting digital payment adoption for small-value transactions.

Q: What new functionality will the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) enable through Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs) using Unified Payments Interface (UPI)?

a) Money withdrawal
b) Money transfer
c) Cash deposits
d) Currency exchange

Ans : c) Cash deposits

RBI Keeps Repo Rates Unchanged at 6.5 Percent for Seventh Consecutive Time

The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) maintained the key repo rate at 6.5 per cent for the seventh consecutive meeting on April 5, 2024.

  1. The focus was on controlling retail inflation, which has remained above the 4 per cent target.
  2. The repo rate is the rate at which banks borrow funds from the RBI to address short-term liquidity gaps.
  3. The majority decision was 5:1 to keep the interest rate unchanged, with the Standing Deposit Facility rate at 6.25 per cent and the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and Bank Rate at 6.75 per cent.
  4. The MPC retained the stance of ‘withdrawal of accommodation’ with a majority of five votes.
  5. The MPC consists of six members, including three from RBI, including Governor Shaktikanta Das, and three appointed by the central government.
  6. The three-day review meeting of the MPC, which began on April 2, concluded on April 5, 2024.

Q: What decision did the Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) make regarding the repo rate on April 5, 2024?

a) Increased it
b) Decreased it
c) Maintained it
d) Abolished it

Ans : c) Maintained it

Q: What is the repo rate?

a) The rate at which banks lend funds to the RBI
b) The rate at which RBI borrows funds from banks
c) The rate at which banks borrow funds from the RBI
d) The rate at which RBI lends funds to the government

Ans : c) The rate at which banks borrow funds from the RBI

Bilquis Mir from J&K : First woman from India to serve as a jury member at Paris Olympics 2024

Bilquis Mir from Jammu and Kashmir is set to become the first woman from India to serve as a jury member at the Summer Olympics in Paris in 2024.

  1. Her appointment was conveyed through a letter from the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) to the Jammu and Kashmir administration.
  2. Bilquis Mir is recognized for her contributions as a water sports promoter, developer, and athlete.
  3. She was nominated as a jury member by the Indian Kayaking and Canoeing association.
  4. Bilquis described her appointment as a dream come true, emphasizing the significance of the Olympics for both athletes and sports promoters.
  5. She began her journey as a canoeist in 1998 and represented the country.
  6. Bilquis also served as a jury member at the previous year’s Asian Games in Hangzhou, China.
  7. She cleared the exam to become a jury member in 2008 and received praise for her performance at the Hangzhou Asian Games.
  8. Bilquis expressed pride in her appointment, highlighting its significance for Jammu and Kashmir and the entire country.
  9. Only two jury members from Asia, including Bilquis Mir, have been selected for the Summer Olympics in Paris.

Q: Who is set to create history as the first woman from India to serve as a jury member at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris?

a) P T Usha
b) Bilquis Mir
c) Marroy Kom
d) Saniya Mirza

Ans : b) Bilquis Mir

International Day of Conscience : April 5th

The International Day of Conscience is celebrated annually on April 5th, aiming to promote peace, harmony, and ethical decision-making worldwide.

  1. Establishment: Established by the United Nations in 2019, it emphasizes the importance of individual conscience in fostering a more just and compassionate society.
  2. Universal Concept: Conscience is seen as a universal concept that transcends cultural, religious, and geographical boundaries, highlighting the innate moral compass within each individual.
  3. Purpose: The day serves as a reminder of the significance of honesty, integrity, and empathy, encouraging people to listen to their inner voice of conscience and uphold moral values.
  4. Activities: Various organizations, communities, and individuals engage in educational initiatives, workshops, and awareness campaigns to promote ethical decision-making and moral values.
  5. Advocacy: The day serves as a platform for advocating social justice, environmental sustainability, and the protection of human rights, fostering dialogue and collaboration among diverse groups.
  6. Hope and Responsibility: In a world marked by conflict and discord, the International Day of Conscience offers hope by reaffirming our collective responsibility to strive for a more peaceful and equitable future.
  7. Commitment: By honoring this day, individuals and communities reaffirm their commitment to upholding the principles of conscience, compassion, and integrity, fostering a world where dignity and justice prevail for all.

Q: When is the International Day of Conscience celebrated?

A) April 1st
B) April 5th
C) May 10th
D) June 15th

Ans : B) April 5th

Ponkaliamman Festival in Tamil Nadu

The Sri Ponkaliamman temple in Tamil Nadu’s Erode district radiated with the enthusiasm of over 50,000 devotees during the revered Ponkaliamman festival. Thousands of worshippers took part in a magnificent procession on 3 April 2024 (Wednesday) evening, carrying fire torches as a symbol of their unwavering faith.

Important Facts about the Ponkaliamman Festival

  • Celebrated: In honor of Goddess Ponkaliamman (Parvati/Mariamman)
  • Location: Primarily in rural Tamil Nadu
  • Time: Tamil month of Panguni (March-April), lasting 2-3 days
  • Purpose: To seek blessings for health, prosperity, and protection
  • Key Activities:
    • Procession with fire torches (symbol of devotion)
    • Bathing the idol with holy offerings
    • Cultural events, music, dance
    • Food offerings (Pongal, fruits, flowers)
  • Highlights of Sri Ponkaliamman Temple Festival (Erode):
    • Over 50,000 devotees participated in a fire torch procession on April 3, 2024.
    • Devotees believe walking on burning pits during the festival brings blessings.
    • The temple is associated with the legendary Vel Pari, a patron known for his generosity.

Q: In which Tamil month is the Ponkaliamman festival typically celebrated?

a) Masi (February-March)
b) Panguni (March-April)
c) Vaikasi (May-June)
d) Aadi (July-August)

Ans : b) Panguni (March-April)

Strategic Forces Command (SFC) and DRDO conducted successful test flight of the next-generation ballistic missile, Agni-Prime

  1. Successful test flight of the next-generation ballistic missile Agni-Prime conducted by the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) on April 3, 2024, from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha.
  2. Test met all trial objectives, confirming reliable performance, with data captured by various range sensors including Downrange ships.
  3. Launch took place in the presence of high-ranking officials including Chief of Defence Staff, Chief of Strategic Forces Command, and senior officials from DRDO and the Indian Army.
  4. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated DRDO, SFC, and Armed Forces, highlighting the missile’s potential as a force multiplier.
  5. Previous successful test of Agni Prime occurred in June the previous year, also from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island.

Q: Where was the test flight of Agni-Prime conducted by SFC and DRDO in April 2024?

a) Pokharan, Rajsthan
b) ISRO SHAR Center
c) Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island
d) Chandipur Test Range

Ans : c) Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island

India’s First Home-Grown Gene Therapy for Cancer at Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

On April 4, 2024,  President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, visited Mumbai to launch India’s first home-grown gene therapy for cancer at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay.

Key highlights:

  1. The Therapy: The gene therapy in question is known as NexCAR19, which falls under the category of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. It was developed by ImmunoACT, a company incubated at IIT Bombay in collaboration with Tata Memorial Hospital. CAR-T therapy is a cutting-edge approach that harnesses the patient’s own immune system to target cancer cells.
  2. Targeted Treatment: NexCAR19 is specifically designed for B-cell cancers, including conditions such as leukemia and lymphoma. By genetically modifying the patient’s T-cells, this therapy enhances their ability to recognize and destroy cancerous cells.
  3. Indigenous Innovation: The fact that this therapy is home-grown is a matter of immense pride for India. It signifies the country’s capability to develop advanced medical solutions within its own borders.
  4. IIT Bombay’s Role: The Bioscience and Bioengineering (BSBE) department at IIT Bombay played a crucial role in designing and manufacturing the CAR-T cells for NexCAR19. This interdisciplinary effort demonstrates the synergy between scientific research and clinical application.
  5. Hope for Patients: With NexCAR19, patients now have access to a novel treatment option that holds promise for improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life.

Q: What is the name of India’s first home-grown gene therapy for cancer?

A) NexCAR19
B) ImmunoACT
C) Tata Memorial Hospital
D) IIT Bombay

Answer: A) NexCAR19

Q: What does CAR-T therapy stand for?

A) Cellular Antigen Receptor Treatment
B) Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy
C) Cancer Antigen Response Technique
D) Cellular Antibody Recognition Therapy

Answer: B) Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy

Unified Payments Interface (UPI) Transactions Surge in India

In the second half of 2023, India witnessed a remarkable surge in Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions.

  1. Volume Growth: UPI payments volume in H2 2023 soared by 56% year-on-year (YoY), reaching 65.77 billion transactions—a substantial increase from the previous year’s 42.09 billion transactions.
  2. Transaction Value: The value of these UPI transactions surged by 44%, climbing from Rs 69.36 lakh crore to an impressive Rs 99.68 lakh crore.
  3. Person-to-Merchant Transactions: The growth of UPI payments was largely driven by person-to-merchant transactions. During this period, these transactions witnessed a 77% increase in volume and a 62% increase in value.
  4. Point of Sale Terminals: The number of point of sale (POS) terminals, used by merchants to receive payments, expanded by 26%, reaching 8.56 million. Private banks played a significant role, accounting for 73% of the market share in this segment.
  5. Dominant Players: PhonePe, Google Pay, and Paytm continued to dominate the UPI market both in terms of value and volume. In December 2023, these three platforms accounted for 95.4% of all transactions, emphasizing their stronghold in the digital payments landscape.
  6. Average Ticket Size: Interestingly, the average ticket size within UPI payments decreased by 8% YoY. This indicates a higher penetration of UPI for small and micro everyday payments, typically made to merchants. Categories such as groceries, eateries, telecom services, pharmacies, and utilities topped the list, reflecting their high volume but relatively low value.
  7. Debit and Credit Cards: While UPI surged, the issuance of debit and credit cards experienced modest growth. Credit card issuance jumped from 13% in June 2023 to 21% in December 2023, while debit cards grew by only 2%

Q: What does UPI stand for?

A) Unified Payment Interface
B) Unified Payments Integration
C) United Payment Interface
D) Ultrafast Payment Integration

Answer: A) Unified Payment Interface

Q: Which type of transactions drove the growth of UPI payments in Second half of 2023?

A) Person-to-person transactions
B) Person-to-merchant transactions
C) International transactions
D) Bank-to-bank transactions

Answer: B) Person-to-merchant transactions

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