India’s Best-Ever Medal Haul at World Boxing Cup 2025 in Astana

On 6 July 2025, India delivered its best-ever performance at the World Boxing Cup in Astana, clinching 11 medals3 Gold, 5 Silver, and 3 Bronze.

🥇 Gold Medal Winners:

  • Sakshi (54kg) defeated USA’s Yosline Perez with a unanimous decision.
  • Jaismine (57kg) won 4:1 against Brazil’s Jucielen Romeu.
  • Nupur (80+kg) beat Kazakhstan’s Talipova with a dominant 5:0 victory.

🥈 Silver Medalists:

  • Meenakshi (48kg) lost 2:3 to Kazakhstan’s Nazym Kyzaibay.
  • Jugnoo (Men’s 85kg), Pooja Rani (80kg), Hitesh Gulia (70kg), and Abhinash Jamwal (65kg) all finished second.

🥉 Bronze Winners:

  • Sanju (60kg), Nikhil Dubey (75kg), and Narender (90+kg) secured bronze medals.

17th BRICS Summit 2025 Held in Brazil from July 6–7, 2025

The 17th BRICS Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from July 6–7, 2025, under the theme “Inclusive and Sustainable Global South.”
It was chaired by President Lula da Silva of Brazil.

  • Expanded BRICS: New members like Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia joined the original five, reflecting BRICS’ growing global influence.
  • Global Reform: The summit stressed reforming global governance institutions to better represent emerging economies.
  • PM Modi’s Address: PM Narendra Modi condemned terrorism, citing the April 22 Pahalgam attack, and urged BRICS to take a principled stand against it.
  • India’s Proposals: India proposed creating a science and research repository focusing on AI ethics and critical mineral supply chains.
  • Bilateral Talks: India held discussions with Malaysia, Cuba, and Russia, focusing on trade, defense, UPI, climate, and strategic ties.
  • Key Absences: China’s Xi Jinping and Russia’s Putin did not attend in person, joining virtually for the first time.

Today Current Affairs MCQs : 5 July 2025

Q. Who won the Rapid section of the Grand Chess Tour 2025 in Zagreb?
A. Magnus Carlsen
B. Jan-Krzysztof Duda
C. Gukesh Dommaraju
D. Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu

Show Answer
Answer: C. Gukesh Dommaraju

Q: Where has India set up its first Equine Disease-Free Compartment (EDFC) in July 2025?
A) Pune
B) Bikaner
C) Meerut Cantonment
D) Chennai

Show Answer
Answer: C) Meerut Cantonment

Q.What is the name of the award PM Modi received from Trinidad and Tobago in July 2025?
A) Order of the Caribbean
B) National Hero Award
C) Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
D) West Indies Medal of Honour

Show Answer
Answer: C) Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

PM Modi Conferred with Trinidad and Tobago’s Highest Civilian Honour

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred with ‘The Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago’ — the country’s highest civilian award — on 4 July 2025 by President Christine Carla Kangaloo.

He became the first foreign leader to receive this honour, recognizing his statesmanship, support for the Global South, and efforts to strengthen India–Trinidad and Tobago ties.

India Sets Up First Equine Disease-Free Compartment (EDFC) in Meerut

India has established its first Equine Disease-Free Compartment (EDFC) at the RVC Centre & College in Meerut Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, officially recognized by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).

The EDFC was created through collaboration between the Department of Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Defence, Equestrian Federation of India (EFI), and Uttar Pradesh Government.

The facility ensures biosecurity, veterinary surveillance, and disease exclusion as per WOAH standards. It has been certified free from major equine diseases like:

  • Equine Infectious Anemia
  • Equine Influenza
  • Equine Piroplasmosis
  • Glanders
  • Surra

India is also free from African Horse Sickness since 2014.

🔹 This recognition allows Indian sport horses to compete internationally and promotes equine trade and breeding.
🔹 The EDFC success complements India’s efforts to create HPAI-Free Compartments for poultry exports.
🔹 It positions India as a leader in animal health systems, aligning with global biosecurity and trade standards.

Gukesh Wins Rapid Title at Grand Chess Tour 2025 in Zagreb

Reigning World Champion Gukesh Dommaraju won the Rapid section of the Grand Chess Tour 2025 in Zagreb, Croatia, on 5 July 2025. The 19-year-old Indian secured the title by defeating Wesley So in the final round, scoring 14 out of 18 points.

Jan-Krzysztof Duda finished second with 11 points, and Magnus Carlsen placed third with 10 points. Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu shared fourth with Fabiano Caruana, each scoring 9 points.

The Blitz rounds begin today, featuring top players like Gukesh, Carlsen, Caruana, and Praggnanandhaa. The combined scores from Rapid and Blitz will decide the overall winner.

This is the third leg of the Grand Chess Tour 2025, following events in Poland and Romania, where Praggnanandhaa won in Bucharest and finished third in Warsaw. Upcoming events include two in the US (August) and the final in Brazil (Sept–Oct).

Today Current Affairs MCQs : 4 July 2025

Q. Where will the first Khelo India Water Sports Festival be held in August 2025?
A) Goa
B) Chilika Lake
C) Dal Lake, Srinagar
D) Naini Lake

Show Answer
Answer: C) Dal Lake, Srinagar

Q. What is the name of the sweeping legislation passed by the US House on July 3, 2025?
A) The Liberty Act
B) Build Back Better Bill
C) One Big Beautiful Bill
D) Freedom Finance Act

Show Answer
Answer: C) One Big Beautiful Bill

World Heritage Sites in India

India’s World Heritage Sites (Total 43):

  • Cultural Sites: 35
  • Natural Sites: 7
  • Mixed Site: 1

Cultural World Heritage Sites (35)

Site (Included in UNESCO’s list)Location Significance
Agra Fort (1983)Uttar Pradesh– Palace fort with a crucial history of the
Ajanta Caves (1983)Maharashtra– Finest surviving examples of ancient Buddhist cave paintings and rock-cut architecture
Ellora Caves (1983)Maharashtra– Outstanding crystallization of ancient Indian rock-cut architecture representing Buddhist, Hindu and Jain faiths
Taj Mahal (1983)Uttar Pradesh– Architectural masterpiece of the Mughal era
Sun Temple, Konark (1984)Odisha– 13th-century temple extolling the Sun God Surya in unique architectural style and elaborate stone carvings
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984)Tamil Nadu– 7th-8th century architectural and sculptural evolution in the port city of the Pallava dynasty
Churches and Convents of Goa (1986)Goa– Remnants of Portuguese colonial architecture and Christianity’s expansion in Asia
Fatehpur Sikri (1986)Uttar Pradesh– Imperial capital city built by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 16th century, blending Indo-Islamic architecture styles
Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986)Karnataka– Capital city of Vijayanagara empire in 14th-16th century with brilliant temple architecture
Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)Madhya Pradesh– Clusters of Hindu and Jain temples built in 10th-11th century CE renowned for erotic sculptures of dancers and couples
Elephanta Caves (1987)Maharashtra– Rock-cut cave shrines of Shiva sect from 6th century CE with monumental sculpture
Great Living Chola Temples (1987, 2004)Tamil Nadu– 11th and 12th century Chola dynasty temple complexes demonstrating evolution of form and architecture
Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)Karnataka– 8th century CE Chalukya dynasty temple exemplifying blend of Northern and Southern styles
Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)Madhya Pradesh– Oldest stone structures extant from 3rd century BCE preserving core of Buddhist art and architecture
Humayun’s Tomb (1993)Delhi– Mughal tomb which is earliest Garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, precursor to Taj Mahal
Qutb Minar and its Monuments (1993)Delhi– 13th-century minaret and monuments complex built by Qutubuddin Aibak heralding Indo-Islamic architecture
Mountain Railways of Darjeeling, Kalka Shimla & Nilgiri (1999)– Opened between 1881 and 1908, these hill railways exemplify bold engineering solutions for connecting mountainous terrains.
– Fully operational, they showcase the ingenuity of late 19th and early 20th-century engineering
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)Madhya Pradesh – Site demonstrating early human life through traces of prehistoric rock paintings dating 30,000 years ago
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)Gujarat– Pre-Mughal Islamic city and fort from the 8th to 14th centuries CE
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (2004)Maharashtra– It was designed by Frederick William Stevens in the Victorian Gothic style, drawing influences from Italian Gothic architecture and combining them with influences from Indian traditional buildings built in the late 19th century.
– It symbolised the wealth of Mumbai as a major commercial port within the British Commonwealth.
Red Fort Complex (2007)Delhi– Monumental 17th-century Mughal palace fort built when the empire was at its artistic zenith
The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (2010)Rajasthan– 18th-century astronomical observation site demonstrating empire’s scientific advancement
Hill Forts of Rajasthan (2014)Rajasthan– Massive hill forts in Rajasthan demonstrating the power of Rajput kingdoms
Rani Ki Vav (Queen’s Stepwell), Patan (2014)Gujarat– Elaborately sculpted 11th century AD stepwell demonstrating mastery of engineering
Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara (2016)Bihar– Archeological remnants of the ancient seat of Mahayana Buddhism and monastic learning in India
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, (2016)Chandigarh– An Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement is a World Heritage Site consisting of a selection of 17 building projects in several countries by the Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier.
– These sites demonstrate how Modern Movement architecture was applied to respond to the needs of society and show the global range of a style and an architect
Historic City of Ahmedabad (2017)Gujarat – World Heritage City founded in 15th-century exhibiting unique architectural styles
Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai (2018)Maharashtra– 19th and 20th-century Gothic revival and Art Deco architectural creations in the growing port city
Jaipur City, Rajasthan
(2019)
Rajasthan– 18th century planned city founded as the capital of Amber kingdom exemplifying city planning and architecture
Dholavira: A Harappan City (2020)Gujarat– One of the largest and most prominent cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation dating 4000-1500 BCE
Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple (2021)Telangana– 13th-century engineering masterpiece of Kakatiya dynasty with splendid or
Santiniketan (2023)West Bengal– It is the cultural and educational centre established by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore
The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala (2023)KarnatakaThe famed Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid and Somananthpura in Karnataka were constructed during the 12th and 13th centuries.
– Hoysala temples maintain a fundamental Dravidian morphology,
they exhibit substantial influences from the Bhumija style prevalent in Central India,
 the Nagara traditions of northern and western India, and
the Karnataka Dravida modes favoured by the Kalyani Chalukyas
Modiams (2024)AssamA 700-year-old burial mounds of the Ahom dynasty in Assam, marking first cultural site from northeastern state
Maratha Military Landscapes of India (2025) Maharashtra, Tamil NaduThe inscription includes 12 historic forts spread across Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, such as:
Raigad, Rajgad, Shivneri, Pratapgad, Vijaydurg, Panhala, Suvarnadurg, Sindhudurg, Lohgad, Salher, Khanderi (Maharashtra)
Gingee Fort (Tamil Nadu)

Natural World Heritage Sites (7)

Site Location Significance
Kaziranga National Park (1985)Assam– Home of the world’s largest population of one-horned rhinocero
Keoladeo National Park (1985)Rajasthan– Important man-made wetland providing refuge to migratory waterbirds
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)Assam– Critical tiger habitat representing biodiversity of Eastern Himalayas
Sundarbans National Park (1987)West Bengal– Largest estuarine mangrove forest globally endangered by rising sea levels
Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988, 2005)Uttarakhand– Contrasting alpine wildflower meadow and rugged glacial wilderness protecting diverse flora and fauna
Western Ghats (2012)Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra– Mountain range running parallel to western coast recognized for high endemism and biodiversity
Great Himalayan National Park (2014)Himachal Pradesh– Diverse ecosystems and biodiversity of the Great Himalayas, including glaciers, alpine meadows and forest wildlife

Mixed World Heritage Sites (1)

Site Location Cultural SignificanceNatural Signficane
Khangchendzonga National Park- (2016)Sikkim– Associated with indigenous Sikkimese culture and the sacred meaning of the mountain peak– Protects a huge range of eastern Himalayan biodiversity across different vegetation zones from subtropical to alpine meadows

Trump’s ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ Passed in US House

On July 3, 2025, House Republicans narrowly passed the ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ with a 218–214 vote — a major legislative win for President Donald Trump.

🔍 Key Highlights:

  • $4.5 trillion Trump-era tax cuts made permanent
  • New tax breaks: No taxes on tips and overtime pay
  • $1.2 trillion spending cuts, including stricter rules for Medicaid and food stamps
  • $350 billion for border security, focused on immigration enforcement
  • Debt ceiling raised by $5 trillion

India’s First Khelo India Water Sports Festival to Debut at Dal Lake in Srinagar in August 2025

The first-ever Khelo India Water Sports Festival will be held at Dal Lake in Srinagar from 21st to 23rd August 2025, as announced by Union Sports Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya.

The three-day event will feature five water sports:

  • Kayaking and Canoeing
  • Rowing
  • Water Skiing
  • Shikara Race
  • Dragon Boat

Over 400 athletes from 36 States and Union Territories are expected to participate in this open-age national competition.

Central Government Schemes List (PDF)

Central Government Schemes List, important for competitive exams with PDF, updated up to 2025 are compiled below. The GK information about Govt Scheme, launch date, purpose is useful for preparation of upcoming exams.

List of Central Government Schemes

Scheme NameLaunchedPurposeRemarks
Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana August 28, 2014 by Ministry of Finance at least one bank account in all households Accident insurance of Rs.2 Lakh
Make in India25 SeptemberPromotion of manufacturing in the country
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana 22nd January, 2015 by Ministry of Women and Child Development To Promote gender equality and increase sex ratio
Prime Minister ‘MUDRA’ Scheme (Micro Unit Development and Refinance Agency)April 8, 2015To Provide financial and to provide loans (types-Shishu, Kishor and Tarun) for micro enterprises sector. There is a provision to give loans up to Rs 50 thousands under Shishu, Rs 5 Lakh under Kishor and Rs 10 lakh under Tarun.
Atal Pension Yojana 9th May, 2015 by Ministry of Finance Under this scheme, any person in the age groups of 18 to 40 years can get a pension of I thousands on the basis of the amount deposited by him in the bank.
Digital India Mission 1st July, 2015 To make all government services available t o the public electronically
Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana 25th July, 2015 to electrify all the villages, improve the financial condition of the distribution companies and do proper monitoring
Pradhan Mantri Uijwala Yojana 1st May, 2016 to provide free LPG connection to
BPL families
Varistha Pension Bima Yojana January 1, 2017 by Life Corporation of India (LIC)Guaranteed interest rate for 10 years to senior citizens aged 60 years and above will be 8%
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana- Ayushman Bharat 23rd September, 2018 From Ranchi (Jharkhand) To provide free cashless health facility up to 5 Lac.
PM-Kisa Samman Nidhi Scheme February 1, 2019 by Piyush Goyal Rs. 6000 direct income support to all farmers. This assistance will be transferred directly to the account of farmers in three equal installments of Rs. 2000 each.
Agneepath AnnouncmentJue 14, 2022 Qualification- 10th-12th pass (Age-17.5 to 23 years) Under this, youth will be recruited in all the three services (land, water, air) for 4 years, which will be called ‘Agniveer’.On Completion of four years, Agniveer will be paid Rs 11.71 Lakh under the service, Agniveers Rifles. Also 25% of Agniveers will be selected permanently on the basics of merit. 4600 thousands Agniveers will be recruited will be recruited in the first year.
Agneepath Announcement June 14, 2022 On Completion of four years, Agniveer will be paid Rs. 11.71 Lakh under the service, Agniveer Riffles. Also 25%of Agniveer will be selected permanently on the basics of merit. 4500 thousands Agniveers will be recruited the first year.
PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana February 13, 2024 (by PM Modi) Under this, solar panels will be installed on the rooftops of 1 crore houses, from which up to 300 unites of free electricity will be available every month. Under this, there is also a provision of subsidy up to Rs 78000.

Download : Central Government Schemes List (PDF)

Today Current Affairs MCQs : 3 July 2025

Q. Which honour was conferred upon PM Modi during his visit to Ghana in July 2025?
A) Order of Africa
B) Commander of the Golden Star
C) Officer of the Order of the Star of Ghana
D) Star of Africa

Show Answer
Answer: C) Officer of the Order of the Star of Ghana

Q. Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of which community?
A) Hinduism
B) Tibetan Buddhism
C) Jainism
D) Zen Buddhism

Show Answer
Answer: B) Tibetan Buddhism

Q. Who is the current and 14th Dalai Lama?
A) Lobsang Sangay
B) Tenzin Gyatso
C) Gyalwa Rinpoche
D) Penpa Tsering

Show Answer
Answer: B) Tenzin Gyatso

Dalai Lama’s Successor: Who Decides and Why It Matters

What is the Dalai Lama?

The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be the reincarnation of Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. The current 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, was born in 1935 and recognized at age 2. He fled to India in 1959 after a failed uprising and now lives in exile in Dharamshala, advocating for peace and Tibetan autonomy.


Who Will Be the Next Dalai Lama?

As the 14th Dalai Lama turns 90 in 2025, the question of succession is both spiritual and geopolitical.

🧘‍♂️ Traditional Belief

  • The Dalai Lama reincarnates after death.
  • Monks search for a child with signs like recognizing past items or being born under auspicious signs.
  • The process involves visions, rituals, and oracles.

🏛️ New in 2025

  • The Dalai Lama confirmed the institution will continue.
  • Only the Gaden Phodrang Trust in India will recognize his successorrejecting China’s role.
  • The next Dalai Lama:
    • May be born outside Tibet
    • Can be of any gender
    • Will be chosen by Tibetan tradition, not politics.

🌏 Why It Matters

  • China claims authority to select the next Dalai Lama.
  • Tibetans and global allies reject this, fearing a China-controlled successor.
  • Many nations support a free and authentic succession.

PM Modi’s Five-Nation Tour (July 2–9, 2025)

PM Narendra Modi undertook an 8-day (July 2–9, 2025) visit to Ghana, Trinidad & Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, and Namibia.

Ghana 🇬🇭:
First Indian PM visit in 30+ years. Awarded Ghana’s highest civilian honour. Announced more scholarships and cooperation in health, agriculture, and defence.

Trinidad & Tobago 🇹🇹:
First Indian PM to visit since 1999. Met leaders and celebrated 180 years of Indian heritage. Focus on digital infra and trade.

Argentina 🇦🇷:
First Indian PM visit in 57 years. Met President Javier Milei, boosting ties in energy, agriculture, tech, and critical minerals.

Brazil 🇧🇷:
Attended 17th BRICS Summit. Discussed climate, governance, and South-South cooperation with President Lula da Silva.

Namibia 🇳🇦:
First visit by Indian PM. Addressed Parliament; agreed on UPI, education, and trade partnerships.

INS Tamal Commissioned in Russia, Enhances Indian Navy’s Stealth and Strike Capabilities

INS Tamal Commissioned in Russia – A Boost to Indian Navy’s Strength

  • INS Tamal, an advanced stealth frigate, was commissioned on 1 July 2025 at Yantar Shipyard, Kaliningrad, Russia.
  • It is the 8th ship under Project 1135.6 and 2nd of the Tushil-class follow-on frigates.
  • Equipped with BrahMos cruise missile and Humsa-NG Sonar system for superior strike and detection capabilities.
  • Successfully tested Shtil-1 surface-to-air missiles, artillery, and torpedoes.
  • Designed for blue water operations and fitted with automated nuclear, biological, and chemical defence systems.
  • A symbol of Indo-Russian defense cooperation, the ship will soon sail to its homeport Karwar, Karnataka.

Today Current Affairs MCQs : 2 July 2025

Q. Who won the gold medal in U-15 Girls’ Singles at the 29th Asian Youth Table Tennis Championships 2025?
a) Liu Ziling
b) Zhu Qihi
c) Divyanshi Bhowmick
d) P.B. Abhinand

Show Answer
Answer: c) Divyanshi Bhowmick

Q. What is the total outlay of the Employment-Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme approved by the Union Cabinet on 1 July 2025?
a) ₹50,000 crore
b) ₹1 lakh crore
c) ₹2 lakh crore
d) ₹75,000 crore

Show Answer
Answer: b) ₹1 lakh crore

Q. What is the name of the new Indian Railways app launched on 1 July 2025?
a) RailConnect
b) RailOne
c) RailMate
d) UTSonMobile

Show Answer
Answer: b) RailOne

Q. What is the name of the advanced stealth frigate that was commissioned on 1 July 2025 at Yantar Shipyard, Kaliningrad, Russia?
a) INS Vikrant
b) INS Talwar
c) INS Tamal
d) INS Shivalik

Show Answer
Answer: c) INS Tamal

Union Cabinet Approves Major Schemes for Employment, Innovation, Sports, and Infrastructure

Key Cabinet Decisions – 1 July 2025 :

₹1 lakh crore Employment-Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme approved to create over 3.5 crore jobs in 2 years.

  • 1.92 crore first-time employees to benefit.
  • Jobs created between 1 Aug 2025 – 31 July 2027 will be covered.
  • First-time employees to get one month’s wage (up to ₹15,000).
  • Employers to receive up to ₹3,000/month/employee for 2 years, extended to 4 years in manufacturing.
  • Scheme part of ₹2 lakh crore youth employment package from Union Budget 2024-25.

Research Development and Innovation Scheme with ₹1 lakh crore corpus approved to boost private sector R&D investment. Managed by Anusandhan National Research Foundation, chaired by the Prime Minister.

National Sports Policy 2025 approved to position India among top 5 sporting nations. Focus on grassroots to elite training, infrastructure, leagues, and sports tourism.

₹1,853 crore Paramakudi–Ramanathapuram 4-lane highway project in Tamil Nadu approved. 46.7 km stretch to enhance religious tourism and economic connectivity to Rameshwaram and Dhanushkodi.

Indian Railways Revises Passenger Train Fares Effective July 1, 2025

The Ministry of Railways has announced the rationalisation of passenger train fares effective from July 1, 2025, aiming to streamline fare structures and improve the financial viability of operations while maintaining affordability.

  • No change in fares for suburban single journey tickets or season tickets (suburban/non-suburban).
  • For non-AC classes (second class, sleeper), a minor increase of 0.5 paisa/km is introduced:
    • No fare hike for travel up to 500 km.
    • ₹5 increase for 501–1500 km, ₹10 for 1501–2500 km, and ₹15 for 2501–3000 km.
  • Mail/Express trains will see:
    • 1 paisa/km increase for non-AC classes.
    • 2 paisa/km increase for AC classes.
  • Fare revision applies to premium trains like Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Vande Bharat, Duronto, etc.
  • No changes to reservation fees, superfast surcharges, or GST rates.
  • Applicable only to tickets booked on or after July 1, 2025.
  • PRS and UTS systems are being updated; Zonal Railways are directed to inform passengers through station displays and notices.

Q. From which date will the revised Indian Railways fare structure come into effect in 2025?
A) June 30
B) July 1
C) July 15
D) August 1
Answer: B) July 1

Statistics Day 2025 (June 29): Celebrating 75 Years of NSS and Mahalanobis’ Legacy

Every year on June 29, India celebrates Statistics Day to commemorate the birth anniversary of Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, widely regarded as the Father of Indian Statistics. This observance, initiated in 2007 by the Government of India, highlights the critical role of statistics in shaping public policy, economic planning, and evidence-based governance.

Why It Matters

Statistics Day serves as a reminder of how data drives decisions in sectors like health, education, agriculture, and employment. It promotes statistical literacy, especially among youth, and encourages the use of data for inclusive and sustainable development.

2025 Theme: 75 Years of National Sample Survey

This year’s theme celebrates the 75th anniversary of the National Sample Survey (NSS), a cornerstone of India’s statistical infrastructure. The NSS has been instrumental in collecting reliable socio-economic data that informs government programs and policy frameworks.

Legacy of P.C. Mahalanobis

Born in 1893, Mahalanobis pioneered the Mahalanobis distance, founded the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in 1931, and played a key role in India’s Second Five-Year Plan. His work laid the foundation for modern statistical systems in India, including the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and Central Statistical Organisation (CSO).

Celebrations and Initiatives

The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) marks the day with:

  • Release of key reports like Nutritional Intake in India and SDG Progress Report 2025
  • Launch of the GoIStat app for easier access to official data
  • Seminars, workshops, and student competitions across institutions

Today Current Affairs MCQs : 30 June 2025

Q. Who became the first Indian to win a BWF World Tour title in 2025?
A) Lakshya Sen
B) Kidambi Srikanth
C) Ayush Shetty
D) Prannoy H.S.

Show Answer
Answer: C) Ayush Shetty
In Badminton, 20-year-old Ayush Shetty made history by becoming the first Indian to win a BWF World Tour title in 2025, clinching the US Open 2025 on 29 June 2025.

Q. Who has been appointed as the Secretary of RAW from July 1, 2025?
A) Ravi Sinha
B) Rakesh Asthana
C) Parag Jain
D) Samant Goel

Show Answer
Answer: C) Parag Jain
On July 1, 2025, Parag Jain, a 1989-batch IPS officer from Punjab cadre, took charge as the new Secretary of RAW (Research and Analysis Wing), India’s external intelligence agency.

Q. On which date in 2025 did the southwest monsoon officially cover the entire country, marking one of the fastest advances since 1960?
A) June 20
B) June 25
C) June 29
D) July 5

Show Answer
Answer: C) June 29

Q. When is Statistics Day celebrated in India?
A) July 15
B) June 21
C) June 29
D) July 1

Show Answer
Answer: C) June 29

Monsoon Covers Entire India: Early Arrival Brings Relief and Risks

On June 29, 2025, the southwest monsoon officially covered the entire country—nine days ahead of schedule, marking one of the fastest advances since 1960. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) confirmed its progression into the remaining parts of Rajasthan, Haryana, West Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi.

Agricultural Boost and Economic Implications

This early onset is expected to benefit kharif crop sowing, especially in central and northwest India, which have already received 24% to 37% excess rainfall compared to normal levels. With over 138 lakh hectares already under cultivation, farmers are optimistic about a strong start to the season.

Extreme Weather and Safety Concerns

However, the monsoon’s rapid advance has also triggered severe weather events. A cloudburst in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, led to two deaths and seven missing persons, prompting authorities to halt the Char Dham Yatra temporarily. Himachal Pradesh has reported 20 rain-related fatalities since June 20, with landslides and flash floods disrupting transport and daily life.

Looking Ahead

The IMD has issued red alerts for heavy rainfall across multiple states, including Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jharkhand, through July 1. While the rains bring much-needed relief from heat and support agriculture, they also demand heightened vigilance in vulnerable regions.

Parag Jain Appointed New RAW Chief

On July 1, 2025, Parag Jain, a 1989-batch IPS officer from Punjab cadre, took charge as the new Secretary of RAW (Research and Analysis Wing), India’s external intelligence agency. His appointment reflects a strategic leadership shift in India’s intelligence setup amid growing regional and global security concerns.

Jain is known for blending HUMINT (human intelligence) and TECHINT (technical intelligence) in critical operations such as the Balakot airstrike, abrogation of Article 370, and the high-precision Operation Sindoor targeting terror infrastructure in Pakistan and PoK.

With past roles in J&K and Punjab, and international experience in Canada and Sri Lanka (countering the Khalistan network), Jain brings operational depth to his new role. His two-year fixed term begins as India faces threats like cross-border terrorism, hybrid warfare, and China-Pakistan coordination.

Ayush Shetty Wins US Open 2025 in Badminton, Becomes First Indian BWF World Tour Title in 2025

In Badminton, 20-year-old Ayush Shetty made history by becoming the first Indian to win a BWF World Tour title in 2025, clinching the US Open 2025 on 29 June 2025.

  • He defeated Canada’s Brian Yang in the final with a straight-game victory: 21-18, 21-13.
  • In the semifinal, Ayush pulled off a major upset by beating World No. 6 Chou Tien Chen.
  • This win marks India’s first men’s singles title on the BWF Tour abroad since the Canada Open 2023.

In women’s singles, 16-year-old Tanvi Sharma finished as runner-up after losing to top seed Beiwen Zhang in a close three-game match: 11-21, 21-16, 10-21. It was Tanvi’s first BWF World Tour final, and she impressed with her resilience despite the loss.

India Rejects Court of Arbitration’s Supplemental Award on Indus Waters Treaty

On June 27, 2025, India categorically rejected a “supplemental award” issued by a Court of Arbitration constituted under the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960. The award pertained to the Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects in Jammu & Kashmir.

India’s Position

  • The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) declared the Court of Arbitration as illegally constituted, stating it was a serious breach of the IWT.
  • India emphasized it has never recognized the legal validity of this court, calling the proceedings a “charade at Pakistan’s behest”.
  • The MEA reiterated that any decisions or awards by this body are “illegal and per se void”.

Treaty in Abeyance

  • Following the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, India placed the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, citing Pakistan’s continued support for cross-border terrorism.
  • India asserted that until Pakistan credibly and irrevocably abjures terrorism, it is no longer bound by the treaty’s obligations.

Background

  • The dispute stems from Pakistan’s objections to the design of the Kishenganga (on Jhelum tributary) and Ratle (on Chenab) projects.
  • In 2016, Pakistan moved the World Bank to establish a Court of Arbitration, while India preferred resolution through a neutral expert, as per treaty provisions.
  • Despite India’s objections, the World Bank appointed both a neutral expert and a Court of Arbitration in October 2022, leading to parallel proceedings.

Today Current Affairs MCQs : 28 June 2025

Q. Where was the SCO Defence Ministers’ Meeting 2025 held on June 26, in which India refused to sign the joint declaration?
A) Beijing
B) New Delhi
C) Qingdao
D) Tashkent

Show Answer
Answer: C) Qingdao

Q. Which two hydroelectric projects are at the center of the Indus Waters Treaty dispute?
A) Baglihar and Uri
B) Kishenganga and Ratle
C) Sardar Sarovar and Tehri
D) Dulhasti and Salal

Show Answer
Answer: B) Kishenganga and Ratle
On June 27, 2025, India categorically rejected a “supplemental award” issued by a Court of Arbitration constituted under the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960. The award pertained to the Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects in Jammu & Kashmir.

SCO Defence Ministers’ Meet 2025: India Opposes Joint Declaration Over Terror Concerns

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Defence Ministers’ Meeting held on June 26, 2025, in Qingdao, China:

Key Highlights

  • Host & Venue: The 22nd meeting was chaired by Chinese Defence Minister Dong Jun in Qingdao, under China’s 2025 rotating presidency.
  • Participants: Defence ministers from all ten full SCO member states attended, including India, China, Russia, Pakistan, Iran, Belarus, and Central Asian nations.
  • Agenda: Discussions focused on regional security, counter-terrorism cooperation, joint military preparedness, and strategic communication.

India’s Position

  • Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh delivered a strong message on terrorism, emphasizing that “peace and prosperity cannot co-exist with terrorism”.
  • He highlighted the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, calling for accountability of cross-border terrorism sponsors.
  • Due to lack of consensus—particularly opposition from Pakistan and China—India refused to sign the joint declaration, a rare move in SCO history.

Bilateral Engagements

  • Singh held constructive talks with Chinese Defence Minister Dong Jun, stressing the need to avoid new complications in India-China relations.
  • He also met with counterparts from Russia and Belarus, but no bilateral talks were held with Pakistan or Iran.

Broader Themes

  • The meeting underscored the importance of the “Shanghai Spirit”—mutual trust, equality, and respect for cultural diversity.
  • SCO Secretary-General Nurlan Yermekbayev emphasized deepening military cooperation, including joint exercises and military-medical collaboration.

Today Current Affairs MCQs : 27 June 2025

Q. When is the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking observed?
A) June 21
B) June 25
C) June 26
D) July 1

Show Answer
Answer: C) June 26

Q. In which city will the Khelo India University Games 2025 be held?
A) Patna
B) Delhi
C) Jaipur
D) Bhopal

Show Answer
Answer: C) Jaipur

Q. Where was the NATO Summit 2025 held?
A) Brussels, Belgium
B) The Hague, Netherlands
C) Berlin, Germany
D) Paris, France

Show Answer
Answer: B) The Hague, Netherlands

NATO Summit 2025 in The Hague: Members Agree to Spend 5% of GDP on Defence and Security

🛡️ 2025 NATO Summit – The Hague

Dates: June 24–25, 2025
Host: The Netherlands (first time ever)
Venue: World Forum, The Hague
Theme: Strengthening deterrence, unity, and industrial resilience


🌍 Key Highlights

  • Historic 5% Pledge: All 32 NATO members committed to spending 5% of their GDP on defense by 2035—marking a significant leap in collective security investment.
  • New Secretary-General: Mark Rutte, former Dutch Prime Minister, chaired his first summit as NATO Secretary-General.
  • Global Engagement: Leaders from partner nations like Japan and New Zealand attended, alongside EU representatives.
  • Ukraine Focus: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy held bilateral meetings and addressed Dutch lawmakers, reinforcing NATO’s support for Ukraine.

🔍 Strategic Outcomes

  • Defense Industry Boost: A dedicated forum brought together ministers and industry leaders to scale up production and innovation.
  • Cyber & Hybrid Threats: Emphasis on resilience against cyberattacks and infrastructure sabotage amid rising hybrid threats.
  • Transatlantic Unity: Despite differing views on Russia’s intentions, the summit reaffirmed NATO’s collective defense posture.

🇺🇸 Notable Moments

  • Trump’s Return: US President Donald Trump attended his first NATO summit since 2019. He praised the 5% pledge and emphasized burden-sharing.
  • Viral Diplomacy: Queen Máxima of the Netherlands drew attention for her candid moment with Trump, sparking online buzz.
  • “Daddy” Remark: NATO chief Rutte jokingly referred to Trump as a “stern daddy” managing global tensions—a moment both leaders laughed off.

🕊️ Looking Ahead

The summit underscored NATO’s evolution from a Cold War alliance to a dynamic force confronting 21st-century threats—from AI and cyber warfare to geopolitical instability. The Hague 2025 may well be remembered as a turning point in NATO’s strategic posture.

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