On 30 April 2025, at the 2nd Indian Open Relay Competition in Chandigarh, sprinters Gurindervir Singh, Animesh Kujur, Manikanta Hoblidhar, and Amlan Borgohain broke the national record in the men’s 4x100m relay.
They clocked 38.69 seconds, surpassing the previous record of 38.89 seconds set during the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi.
On 30 April 2025, the United States announced an economic partnership agreement with Ukraine granting Washington preferential access to Ukraine’s rare earth minerals in exchange for creating a joint Reconstruction Investment Fund.
The fund will receive 50% of profits and royalties from new natural resource permits issued by Ukraine. However, the U.S. will not gain ownership of Ukraine’s mineral wealth or gas infrastructure.
The deal follows months of negotiations and was previously delayed due to a heated exchange between Ukrainian President Zelenskyy and U.S. President Trump during a February Oval Office meeting.
On 30 April 2025, the central government announced that caste enumeration will be included in the upcoming population census. Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw stated that while some states have done caste-based surveys, the census is a Union subject under Article 246, and only the central government has the authority to conduct it.
Vaishnaw said the new decision, under PM Modi’s leadership, aims for transparency and to avoid politicization. He emphasized it would strengthen the social and economic framework, citing the Modi government’s previous move of 10% EWS reservation as a step toward social justice.
Q. Who became the Prime Minister of Canada after the 2025 general election?
A. Justin Trudeau
B. Andrew Scheer
C. Mark Carney
D. Jagmeet Singh
Q. Where will the Asian Games 2026 be held?
A. Beijing and Shanghai
B. Tokyo and Osaka
C. Aichi and Nagoya
D. Seoul and Busan
Q. Who has been appointed as the 52nd Chief Justice of India?
A. Sanjiv Khanna
B. U.U. Lalit
C. B.R. Gavai
D. D.Y. Chandrachud
Q. What is the title of the new book launched about Srinivasa Ramanujan?
A. The Life of a Genius
B. Infinity and Beyond
C. Ramanujan: Journey of a Great Mathematician
D. Number Theory and Ramanujan
The National Archives of India launched a new book titled “Ramanujan: Journey of a Great Mathematician” on 30 April 2025 at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi. The book highlights Srinivasa Ramanujan’s life, tracing his journey from Erode, Tamil Nadu, to becoming a pioneer in number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions. Despite minimal formal training, Ramanujan’s work still influences modern mathematics. The book also serves as a tribute to his passion and perseverance, aiming to inspire future generations.
In addition, the National Archives launched Abhilekh Patal Version 3.0, a revamped digital platform for historical records, and announced it had received ISO Certification, reinforcing its commitment to archival excellence and accessibility.
Justice B.R. Gavai has been appointed as the 52nd Chief Justice of India (CJI), effective from May 14, 2025, following the retirement of incumbent CJI Sanjiv Khanna on May 13. The appointment was confirmed by a notification from the Union Ministry of Law and Justice. Justice Gavai will serve for over six months, retiring on November 23, 2025.
He was elevated to the Supreme Court in May 2019 after serving as a judge in the Bombay High Court since 2003. Before his judicial career, he practiced constitutional and administrative law and held various legal positions, including Government Pleader and Public Prosecutor at the Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court.
Cricket will return for the 2026 Asian Games, while Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) will debut at the event, scheduled in Aichi and Nagoya, Japan, from September 19 to October 4.
This will be cricket’s fourth appearance at the Games since its debut in Guangzhou 2010. Although early editions lacked international status, ICC granted full international status to matches in Asian Games 2023, a practice expected to continue in 2026.
Mark Carney becomes Prime Minister of Canada after the Liberal Party won 169 seats in the 2025 general election, forming a minority government in the 343-member House of Commons. A former Bank of Canada and Bank of England governor, Carney used his economic background to tackle key issues like U.S. trade tensions and annexation threats.
His campaign revived the Liberals’ standing, focusing on unity and resilience, and is expected to reset foreign relations, especially with India, after strained ties under Justin Trudeau. Domestically, Carney must now address housing, inflation, and minority governance challenges.
Q. Where will the newly acquired 26 Rafale Marine combat aircraft be deployed?
a) INS Vikramaditya
b) INS Vikrant
c) INS Viraat
d) INS Vishal
Q. Which significant resolution was passed by the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly on 28 April 2025?
a) Resolution to amend the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir
b) Resolution condemning the Pahalgam terrorist attack
c) Resolution supporting the reopening of the Attari border
d) Resolution demanding the revival of the SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme
Q. Who became the youngest centurion in IPL history in April 2025?
a) Yashasvi Jaiswal
b) Rishabh Pant
c) Vaibhav Suryavanshi
d) Devdutt Padikkal
Q. Sreejesh P. R. was conferred Padma Bhushan in April 2025 for his achievements in?
a) Literature
b) Public Affairs
c) Sports (Hockey)
d) Science and Engineering
On 28 April 2025, at the first Civil Investiture Ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, President Droupadi Murmu conferred Padma Awards 2025 on 71 eminent personalities. The awards included 4 Padma Vibhushan, 10 Padma Bhushan, and 57 Padma Shri recipients.
Among the Padma Vibhushan awardees:
Prominent Padma Bhushan recipients included:
Notable Padma Shri awardees:
The event was attended by Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Union Ministers including Amit Shah, and other dignitaries.
The Padma Awards honor achievements in fields like art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, and civil service.
On 28 April 2025, in the IPL T20 match at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur, Rajasthan Royals defeated Gujarat Titans by eight wickets. Chasing a target of 210 runs, Rajasthan Royals scored 212/2 in just 15.5 overs.
Vaibhav Suryavanshi smashed a historic century (101 runs off 38 balls) and was named Player of the Match. He became the youngest centurion in IPL history at 14 years and 32 days, surpassing records held by Manish Pandey, Rishabh Pant, and Devdutt Padikkal. His century was also the second fastest in IPL history, behind Chris Gayle, and the fastest by an Indian, overtaking Yusuf Pathan’s record.
Yashasvi Jaiswal also contributed with an unbeaten 70 runs.
Earlier, Gujarat Titans, after being put to bat, scored 209/4. Shubman Gill top-scored with 84 runs, while Jos Buttler added an unbeaten 50, and Sai Sudharsan made 39 runs. For Rajasthan, Maheesh Theekshana took two wickets, and Jofra Archer and Sandeep Sharma took one each. For Gujarat, Prasidh Krishna and Rashid Khan took a wicket apiece.
On 28 April 2025, the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly passed a resolution condemning the terrorist attack in Pahalgam that killed 26 people. Moved by Deputy Chief Minister Surinder Choudhary, the session began with a two-minute silence to honor the victims.
The resolution stated that the attack was an assault on Kashmiriyat, the Constitution, and the spirit of unity, peace, and harmony in the region. It also honored Shaheed Syed Adil Hussain Shah, a pony ride operator who died while trying to save tourists.
The Assembly praised the resilience and unity shown by the people of Jammu and Kashmir after the attack and expressed support for the Centre’s diplomatic measures announced after the Cabinet Committee on Security meeting on 23 April.
India and France signed a ₹63,000 crore defence agreement on 28 April 2025 for the acquisition of 26 Rafale Marine combat aircraft. The deal was signed at the Defence Ministry headquarters in New Delhi, after approval by the Cabinet Committee on Security.
France was represented by its Ambassador to India, and Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh led the Indian delegation. Both Defence Ministers attended remotely, with the French minister cancelling an in-person visit due to personal reasons.
The Indian Navy urgently needs new carrier-borne fighter jets to replace its aging MiG-29K fleet. The Rafale Marine aircraft will be deployed aboard INS Vikrant, India’s indigenous aircraft carrier.
The contract includes 22 single-seater and 4 twin-seater Rafale M jets, configured for Indian needs, along with maintenance support, logistics, training, and indigenous component manufacturing.
The Rafale M jets will operate alongside MiG-29Ks on INS Vikrant, enhancing naval capabilities. The Indian Air Force already operates 36 Rafale aircraft, and with this deal, India’s Rafale fleet will expand to 62, bolstering its 4.5-generation fighter jet strength.
Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sunayna arrived at Port Louis, Mauritius, on April 26, 2025, after completing Phase I of Joint Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) surveillance with the National Coast Guard (NCG) Mauritius, the Ministry of Defence announced. This visit strengthens regional maritime cooperation and capacity-building with nations in the South Western Indian Ocean.
INS Sunayna, which sailed from Karwar on April 5, is carrying 44 naval personnel from nine Indian Ocean Region nations, including Mauritian officers and sailors. The ship and its multinational crew received a warm welcome from senior Mauritian officials and the Indian High Commission.
During the two-day port call, activities include official meetings, squadron visits, joint yoga sessions, trekking, and friendly sports events. The ship will also be open to public visitors. After Mauritius, INS Sunayna will begin Phase II of Joint EEZ surveillance and then sail to Seychelles.
INS Sunayna is a Saryu-class Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel equipped for anti-piracy, maritime surveillance, and humanitarian missions, featuring advanced weaponry, electronic warfare systems, and helicopter support.
Q. Where was the Asian Yogasana Sport Championship 2025 held in April 2025?
A) Mumbai
B) Delhi
C) Kathmandu
D) Tokyo
Q. According to the World Bank’s Spring 2025 report, how many people has India lifted out of extreme poverty in the last ten years?
A) 10 crore
B) 12.5 crore
C) 17.1 crore
D) 20 crore
Q. What class of ship is INS Sunayna?
A) Shivalik-class frigate
B) Kolkata-class destroyer
C) Saryu-class Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel
D) Talwar-class frigate
India has successfully lifted over 17.1 crore people out of extreme poverty in the last ten years, according to the World Bank’s Spring 2025 Poverty and Equity report. Five states — Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh — accounted for two-thirds of the poverty reduction.
In rural areas, extreme poverty dropped from 18.4% in 2011-12 to 2.8% in 2022-23, while in urban areas, it fell from 10.7% to 1.1% during the same period. The report also highlighted positive employment growth since 2021-22 and a rise in self-employment, especially among rural workers and women, boosting economic participation.
India delivered a dominant performance at the Asian Yogasana Sport Championship, securing a record 83 gold medals to top the medal tally at the event held in Delhi on 27 April 2025. India finished with a total of 87 medals (83 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze), far ahead of Japan, which won 3 gold, 3 silver, and 4 bronze medals. Mongolia, Oman, and Nepal completed the top five standings.
Other strong performers included Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Kazakhstan, and Bhutan, reflecting yogasana’s growing popularity across Asia. The championship featured participation from over 21 countries and concluded with a grand closing ceremony attended by Harsh Malhotra, Minister of State for Corporate Affairs, along with officials from the Asian and World Yogasana federations.
Indian Polity and Constitution GK PDF – Notes, MCQs Questions, One Liners Question Answer in Hindi & English
Prepare for UPSC, SSC, and other competitive exams with the best study materials on Indian Polity and Constitution. This collection includes bilingual PDFs (Hindi & English), covering notes, multiple choice questions (MCQs), one-liners, and detailed explanations from top publishers like Ghatna Chakra and Disha Publication.
Q: What action did the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) take in response to the Pahalgam terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir, in April 2025?
a) Declared economic sanctions on Pakistan
b) Called for a peace summit in South Asia
c) Strongly condemned the attack and urged global cooperation to bring perpetrators to justice
d) Deployed peacekeeping forces in the region
Q. What recent achievement did DRDO accomplish in hypersonic technology in April 2025?
a) Launched a new satellite
b) Tested a ballistic missile
c) Conducted ground testing of a scramjet engine for over 1,000 seconds
d) Developed a stealth fighter aircraft
Q. What speed must a missile reach to be considered hypersonic?
a) Less than Mach 1
b) Between Mach 1 and Mach 3
c) More than five times the speed of sound (Mach 5+)
d) Exactly twice the speed of sound
Q: Who is considered the architect of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020?
a) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
b) Dr. K. Kasturirangan
c) Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal
d) Dr. Manmohan Singh
Q: Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed in 1960 between which countries?
a) India and China
b) India and Bangladesh
c) India and Pakistan
d) Pakistan and Afghanistan
The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, governs the sharing of the Indus River system. Brokered by the World Bank, the treaty grants Pakistan control over the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) while India retains rights over the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej). Despite tensions, the treaty has remained intact for over six decades.
Following the Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, 2025, India has suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, citing Pakistan’s continued support for cross-border terrorism. The Indian government formally notified Pakistan of this decision, stating that the treaty’s fundamental assumptions have changed due to demographic shifts, clean energy needs, and security concerns.
India’s move has strategic implications, as it could disrupt Pakistan’s irrigation, reservoirs, and hydropower projects. The suspension also allows India to exercise greater control over water resources, including flushing reservoirs and modifying hydropower project designs.
Pakistan has retaliated diplomatically, suspending trade ties and visa agreements with India. The situation remains fluid, with India signaling that the treaty could be reinstated if Pakistan ceases its support for terrorism.
Dr. K. Kasturirangan, former ISRO Chairman and a key contributor to India’s National Education Policy, passed away at age 84 at his residence in Bengaluru on April 25, 2025. As ISRO Chairman, he was instrumental in the development of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and led the Indian Space Programme for over nine years, stepping down in August 2003.
He also served as Chancellor of JNU, Chairman of the Karnataka Knowledge Commission, Director of the National Institute of Advanced Studies, and was a Rajya Sabha member from 2003 to 2009.
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has achieved a major milestone in hypersonic technology by successfully conducting ground testing of an active cooled scramjet subscale combustor for over 1,000 seconds. This test, conducted at DRDL Hyderabad in a new state-of-the-art Scramjet Connect Test Facility, builds on a previous 120-second test in January.
The achievement brings India closer to developing a full-scale flight-worthy scramjet engine. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh praised the DRDO, industry, and academia, calling it a testament to India’s commitment to developing critical hypersonic weapon technologies.
Hypersonic cruise missiles, which travel at speeds over Mach 5, rely on air-breathing propulsion systems like scramjets, and this test validates both the long-duration combustor design and the new testing infrastructure.
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has strongly condemned the Pahalgam terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir, which killed 26 people, mostly tourists. The 15-member Council reaffirmed that terrorism is a serious threat to international peace and security.
The UNSC called for the accountability of the perpetrators, organizers, financiers, and sponsors, urging all nations to cooperate under international law and Security Council resolutions.
The attack on April 22 sparked outrage across India and abroad. India responded with punitive actions against Pakistan, including the expulsion of military attachés, suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, and closure of the Attari post. Pakistan retaliated by shutting its airspace to Indian airlines and suspending trade.
🌍 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India GK PDF with picture and brief description in Hindi and English – Free Download. List updated as on 2025.
Are you preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, Railway, Banking, or State PCS? If yes, then World Heritage Sites in India is a must-know topic in General Knowledge (GK). To help you in your preparation, we’re providing free downloadable PDFs in both English and Hindi.
These PDFs cover all UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India, including their locations, historical significance, and year of inclusion.
World Heritage Sites are landmarks or areas recognized by UNESCO for their cultural, historical, scientific, or natural significance. India, rich in heritage and culture, has 40+ sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List (as of 2025), including:
Download the complete list of World Heritage Sites in India with important details such as location, year of recognition, and category (Cultural/Natural/Mixed).
These PDFs are ideal for:
Cultural 35
Natural 7
Mixed 1
Q. Why has Pakistan barred Indian airlines from using its airspace on 24 April 2025?
A) Due to a technical fault in Pakistani airspace
B) In response to the Pahalgam terror attack and rising tensions with India
C) As part of a routine airspace maintenance
D) To allow only military aircraft in the region
Q. What is the theme of World Malaria Day 2025?
A) Fight Malaria: Save Lives
B) Rebuild, Reform, Revive
C) Malaria ends with us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite
D) Together Against Malaria
Q. What is the goal of the National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign 2025–26?
A) To launch a new vaccine for measles and rubella
B) To achieve 100% immunisation and eliminate both diseases by 2026
C) To conduct research on viral diseases
D) To provide free healthcare services to adults
The National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign 2025–26 was launched on 24 April 2025 in New Delhi, marking the start of World Immunisation Week. The campaign aims to eliminate Measles and Rubella by 2026 by ensuring 100% immunisation coverage with two vaccine doses for children.
Health Minister J. P. Nadda, launching the campaign virtually, noted that 332 districts reported zero measles cases and 487 districts zero rubella cases from January to March 2025. He urged public involvement (Jan Bhagidari) and the participation of MLAs, MPs, and local leaders to spread awareness.
Measles and Rubella are highly infectious viral diseases that can lead to serious health issues or death. Under the Universal Immunisation Programme, vaccines are provided free of cost at 9–12 months and 16–24 months of age. In 2024, India recorded a 73% drop in Measles and a 17% drop in Rubella cases compared to 2023.
World Malaria Day is observed on 25 April 2025 to raise global awareness and promote efforts to control and eliminate malaria. Organised by the World Health Organisation (WHO), this year’s theme, “Malaria ends with us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite,” calls for renewed commitment at all levels.
Malaria, spread by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a serious threat in tropical and subtropical regions. The day recognises progress made, remembers lives lost, and encourages continued innovation, public involvement, and preventive measures to fight the disease.
Amid rising India-Pakistan tensions following the Pahalgam terror attack, Pakistan announced on 24 April that it will ban Indian airlines from using its airspace. The restriction applies to India-registered aircraft and those owned or leased by Indian operators.
Air India stated that the ban will lead to rerouted flights to/from North America, UK, Europe, and the Middle East. IndiGo Airlines also confirmed disruptions to some international flights.
A senior Air Traffic Controller mentioned that flight durations will vary depending on alternate routes chosen. Pakistan’s airspace is strategically important and commonly used by Indian airlines, making this restriction significantly impactful.
The Bharat Ratna is India’s highest civilian award. Here is a comprehensive list of Bharat Ratna awardees from 1954 to 2024, including their names, years of conferment, categories, and brief descriptions of their notable contributions:
| Year | Name | Category | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1954 | C. Rajagopalachari | Public Affairs | Last Governor-General of India; freedom fighter and statesman |
| 1954 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | Education | First Vice-President and second President of India |
| 1954 | C. V. Raman | Science | Nobel Laureate in Physics; discovered the Raman Effect |
| 1955 | Bhagwan Das | Literature & Education | Philosopher and educationist; co-founder of Kashi Vidyapith |
| 1955 | M. Visvesvaraya | Engineering | Eminent engineer; Diwan of Mysore; contributed to India’s infrastructure development |
| 1955 | Jawaharlal Nehru | Public Affairs | First Prime Minister of independent India |
| 1957 | Govind Ballabh Pant | Public Affairs | First Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh; Home Minister of India |
| 1958 | Dhondo Keshav Karve | Social Work | Social reformer; advocated women’s education and widow remarriage |
| 1961 | Bidhan Chandra Roy | Medicine & Public Affairs | Physician and second Chief Minister of West Bengal |
| 1961 | Purushottam Das Tandon | Public Affairs | Freedom fighter; advocate for Hindi as the national language |
| 1962 | Rajendra Prasad | Public Affairs | First President of India; freedom fighter |
| 1963 | Zakir Husain | Education & Public Affairs | Third President of India; educationist and scholar |
| 1963 | Pandurang Vaman Kane | Literature | Indologist and Sanskrit scholar; authored “History of Dharmaśāstra” |
| 1966 | Lal Bahadur Shastri | Public Affairs | Second Prime Minister of India; known for promoting the White Revolution |
| 1971 | Indira Gandhi | Public Affairs | First and only female Prime Minister of India |
| 1975 | V. V. Giri | Public Affairs | Fourth President of India; trade union leader |
| 1976 | K. Kamaraj | Public Affairs | Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu; known for educational reforms |
| 1980 | Mother Teresa | Social Work | Catholic nun; founded the Missionaries of Charity |
| 1983 | Vinoba Bhave | Social Work | Advocate of nonviolence and human rights; leader of the Bhoodan Movement |
| 1987 | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan | Social Work | Freedom fighter; known as the “Frontier Gandhi” |
| 1988 | M. G. Ramachandran | Public Affairs | Actor and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu |
| 1990 | B. R. Ambedkar | Public Affairs | Architect of the Indian Constitution; social reformer |
| 1990 | Nelson Mandela | Public Affairs | Anti-apartheid revolutionary; President of South Africa |
| 1991 | Rajiv Gandhi | Public Affairs | Sixth Prime Minister of India |
| 1991 | Vallabhbhai Patel | Public Affairs | First Deputy Prime Minister; known as the “Iron Man of India” |
| 1991 | Morarji Desai | Public Affairs | Fourth Prime Minister of India |
| 1992 | Abul Kalam Azad | Education & Public Affairs | First Minister of Education; freedom fighter |
| 1992 | J. R. D. Tata | Industry | Industrialist and philanthropist; pioneer of Indian aviation |
| 1992 | Satyajit Ray | Arts | Renowned filmmaker and author |
| 1997 | Gulzarilal Nanda | Public Affairs | Interim Prime Minister of India; labor leader |
| 1997 | Aruna Asaf Ali | Social Work | Freedom fighter; prominent in the Quit India Movement |
| 1997 | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | Science & Engineering | Aerospace scientist; later became the 11th President of India |
| 1998 | M. S. Subbulakshmi | Arts | Renowned Carnatic vocalist |
| 1998 | Chidambaram Subramaniam | Public Affairs | Architect of India’s Green Revolution |
| 1999 | Jayaprakash Narayan | Public Affairs | Freedom fighter; leader of the Total Revolution movement |
| 1999 | Amartya Sen | Economics | Economist and philosopher; Nobel Laureate |
| 1999 | Gopinath Bordoloi | Public Affairs | First Chief Minister of Assam; freedom fighter |
| 1999 | Ravi Shankar | Arts | Sitar virtuoso and composer |
| 2001 | Lata Mangeshkar | Arts | Legendary playback singer |
| 2001 | Bismillah Khan | Arts | Shehnai maestro |
| 2009 | Bhimsen Joshi | Arts | Hindustani classical vocalist |
| 2014 | C. N. R. Rao | Science | Chemist; known for work in solid-state and structural chemistry |
| 2014 | Sachin Tendulkar | Sports | Cricketer; first sportsperson to receive Bharat Ratna |
| 2015 | Madan Mohan Malaviya | Education & Public Affairs | Founder of Banaras Hindu University; freedom fighter |
| 2015 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Public Affairs | Former Prime Minister; poet and orator |
| 2019 | Pranab Mukherjee | Public Affairs | Former President; held various key ministerial portfolios |
| 2019 | Nanaji Deshmukh | Social Work | Social activist; worked in education and rural development |
| 2019 | Bhupen Hazarika | Arts | Singer, composer, and filmmaker from Assam |
| 2024 | Karpoori Thakur (Posthumous) | Public Affairs | Former Chief Minister of Bihar; champion of social justice |
| 2024 | Lal Krishna Advani | Public Affairs | Senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party; former Deputy Prime Minister |
| 2024 | P. V. Narasimha Rao | Public Affairs | Former Prime Minister; initiated economic liberalization |
| 2024 | Chaudhary Charan Singh | Public Affairs | Former Prime Minister; advocated for farmers’ rights |
| 2024 | M. S. Swaminathan | Science & Agriculture | Agricultural scientist; known as the father of India’s Green Revolution |
🌱 Free Download: Environment and Ecology GK Book PDF in Hindi for UPSC, SSC & Other Exams
Are you preparing for UPSC, SSC, State PCS, or any other government job exam? Then mastering Environment and Ecology is a must! This free Hindi PDF book is specially designed to help you revise key concepts quickly and effectively.
This book includes all important Environment and Ecology topics asked in past competitive exams:
