Polity

 

Indian Polity and Constitution Current Affairs, Important for competitive Exams.

Record Voter Turnout in Assam & Puducherry Elections 2026

On April 9, 2026, Assembly elections in Assam, Kerala, and Puducherry concluded peacefully with record voter turnout, as reported by the Election Commission of India (ECI).

Record Turnout:

  • Assam: 85.38% (highest ever)
  • Puducherry: 89.83% (highest ever)
  • Kerala: 78.03% (strong participation)

Scale of Elections:

  • Covered 296 Assembly constituencies
  • Over 5.31 crore voters participated
  • More than 63,000 polling stations set up
  • Around 2.5 lakh polling personnel deployed

🗳️ Smooth & Transparent Polling

  • Voting conducted peacefully with minimal incidents.
  • 100% polling stations monitored via live webcasting (first time).
  • Supervised by Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar.
  • Mock polls conducted with participation of polling agents.

Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Bill 2026: Highlights

The Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Bill, 2026 was passed by Parliament in April 2026 to establish a comprehensive framework for recruitment, service conditions, and leadership structure of officers in India’s Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). The Bill emphasizes greater deputation of IPS officers to senior positions, aiming to ensure uniformity and administrative efficiency.

🛡️ About CAPFs (Central Armed Police Forces)

CAPFs are paramilitary forces under the Ministry of Home Affairs, responsible for internal security, border guarding, and critical infrastructure protection. Major CAPFs include:

  • CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force): Internal security, counter-insurgency
  • BSF (Border Security Force): Guarding India’s borders (Pakistan & Bangladesh)
  • ITBP (Indo-Tibetan Border Police): Border security along China border
  • CISF (Central Industrial Security Force): Security of airports & critical infrastructure
  • SSB (Sashastra Seema Bal): Guarding Nepal & Bhutan borders
  • Assam Rifles: Oldest paramilitary force, operates in Northeast (under MHA operationally with Army role)

⚖️ Key Features of the Bill

  • Deputation Policy:
    • 50% of Inspector General (IG) posts
    • Minimum 67% of Additional Director General (ADG) posts
    • 100% of Special DG and DG posts
      → To be filled through deputation (mainly from IPS)
  • Covers Group A General Duty Officers.
  • Brings uniform rules for recruitment, promotions, and service conditions across CAPFs.

🔍 SEO-Optimized Headings (choose one)

  1. CAPF Bill 2026 Explained: Key Features, IPS Deputation & Impact on Paramilitary Forces
  2. Central Armed Police Forces Bill 2026: Rules, Leadership Changes & Full Details
  3. What is CAPF Bill 2026? Deputation Policy, Objectives & Impact on CAPFs
  4. CAPF Reform 2026: IPS Role, Service Rules & Challenges Explained
  5. Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Bill 2026: Highlights & Analysis

Q. With reference to the Central Armed Police Forces (General Administration) Bill, 2026, consider the following statements:

  1. It provides a uniform framework for recruitment and service conditions of officers in CAPFs.
  2. All Director General (DG) and Special DG posts in CAPFs are to be filled through deputation.
  3. It completely abolishes deputation of officers from the Indian Police Service to CAPFs.

Select the correct answer:

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

✅ Correct Answer: A

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Bill introduces a standardized administrative framework and mandates full deputation for top posts (DG & Special DG). Statement 3 is incorrect because the Bill actually increases reliance on IPS deputation, rather than abolishing it.

Amaravati Declared Permanent Capital of Andhra Pradesh

Amaravati has officially been declared the permanent capital of Andhra Pradesh after Parliament passed the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2026 on April 2, 2026. This historic decision ends over a decade of uncertainty since the state’s bifurcation in 2014.

Background

  • 2014: Andhra Pradesh was bifurcated, creating Telangana. Hyderabad was retained as Telangana’s capital, while Andhra Pradesh needed a new capital.
  • 2015: Amaravati was proposed as the capital by then CM N. Chandrababu Naidu, envisioned as a modern, riverfront city.
  • 2019–2024: Political shifts led to proposals for three capitals (Visakhapatnam, Amaravati, and Kurnool), sparking protests and legal battles.
  • 2024: The Amaravati project was revived after TDP returned to power.
  • 2026: Parliament passed the Amendment Bill, giving Amaravati exclusive and permanent capital status.

Jan Vishwas (Amendment) Bill 2026: 717 Provisions Decriminalized

The Jan Vishwas Bill, 2026 is a major legal reform passed by the Lok Sabha on April 1, 2026, aimed at decriminalizing minor offences and replacing them with civil penalties. Introduced by Jitin Prasada, the bill amends 79 central laws across 23 ministries.

Out of 784 provisions amended, 717 provisions have been decriminalized, removing jail terms for minor, technical, and procedural violations.

  • Minor offences will now attract fines, penalties, or warnings instead of imprisonment.
  • Outdated and irrelevant provisions (e.g., under the Cattle Trespass Act, 1871) have been rationalized.
  • Focus on trust-based governance and reducing unnecessary legal burden.

Finance Bill 2026 Passed in Lok Sabha: Meaning, Features, Constitutional Provisions

  • On 25 March 2026, the Finance Bill, 2026 was passed in the Lok Sabha with 32 amendments.
  • It is a Money Bill that gives legal effect to the Union Budget 2026–27.
  • The Bill will now go to the Rajya Sabha, which can only recommend changes, after which it becomes the Finance Act.

📖 What is the Finance Bill?

  • Annual Money Bill presented with the Union Budget.
  • Provides legal backing to taxation and expenditure proposals.
  • Covers direct & indirect taxes and amendments to tax laws.

🔑 Key Highlights

  • Budget Size: ₹53.47 lakh crore
  • Capital Expenditure: ₹12.2 lakh crore
  • Fiscal Deficit Target: 4.3% of GDP
  • Focus on:
    • MSMEs, farmers, cooperatives
    • Digital infrastructure & manufacturing sectors
    • Job creation & inclusive growth
  • No major new taxes; promotes trust-based tax system

⚖️ Constitutional Features

  • Defined as a Money Bill under Article 110.
  • Introduced only in Lok Sabha.
  • Rajya Sabha cannot amend or reject, only recommend.
  • Must be passed within 75 days.
  • Essential for legal tax collection and government spending.

Gujarat Passes Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill 2026

On 24 March 2026, the Gujarat Assembly passed the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill through a majority voice vote after an extensive debate lasting over seven hours. The bill was introduced by Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel, following the submission of a report by a state-appointed panel.

With this, Gujarat became the second state in India after Uttarakhand (2024) to adopt a Uniform Civil Code.

Key Provisions of the Bill

  • Establishes a common legal framework for marriage, divorce, succession, and live-in relationships, irrespective of religion
  • Makes registration of live-in relationships mandatory, along with provisions for their termination
  • Prohibits bigamy, allowing marriage only if neither party has a living spouse
  • Applies to residents of Gujarat, including those living outside the state
  • The law will not apply to Scheduled Tribes (STs) and certain groups whose customary rights are constitutionally protected

Women’s Reservation Act: Implementation Likely by 2029

The Women’s Reservation Act (106th Constitutional Amendment, 2023) is being fast-tracked for implementation by 2029, aiming to ensure greater representation of women in Indian legislatures. The government is considering using 2011 Census data for delimitation, instead of waiting for the next Census, to avoid delays.

Key Provisions

  • Provides 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies
  • Does not apply to Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils
  • Popularly known as Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam

Proposed Changes

  • Lok Sabha strength may increase from 543 to 816 seats
  • Around 273 seats could be reserved for women
  • Target implementation by the 2029 Lok Sabha elections

Reason for Fast-Tracking

Originally, the Act’s implementation was linked to the first Census after 2026, which could delay it until around 2034. To avoid this, the government plans to:

  • Use 2011 Census data
  • Amend provisions related to delimitation
  • Enable earlier rollout of reservation

Assembly Elections 2026: ECI Announces Poll Dates for West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Assam and Puducherry

The Election Commission of India (ECI) announced on 15 March 2026 that Assembly elections will be held in Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and the Union Territory of Puducherry.

  • Single-phase elections will take place in Assam, Kerala, and Puducherry on 9 April 2026, while Tamil Nadu will vote on 23 April 2026.
  • West Bengal elections will be conducted in two phases on 23 April and 29 April 2026.

The first phase in West Bengal will cover 152 constituencies, while the second phase will cover 142 constituencies.

The counting of votes for all five assemblies will be held on 4 May 2026.

The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) has come into force immediately after the announcement of the election schedule.

Around 17 crore voters are eligible to vote across 824 assembly constituencies in these elections. More than 2 lakh polling stations will be set up and nearly 25 lakh election officials will be deployed.

The Election Commission has also announced 100% webcasting at polling stations, a maximum of 1,200 voters per booth, and assured minimum facilities such as drinking water, toilets, and signage.

The current assembly terms will end in West Bengal (7 May 2026), Tamil Nadu (10 May 2026), Assam (20 May 2026), Kerala (23 May 2026), and Puducherry (15 June 2026).

Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar said the Commission reviewed election preparations in all poll-bound states and introduced 30 new initiatives to improve transparency in the election process.

These elections will involve large-scale administrative preparations and represent an important democratic exercise reflecting India’s unity in diversity.

Supreme Court Allows Passive Euthanasia in First-Ever Case, Permits Withdrawal of Life Support

On 11 March 2026, the Supreme Court of India issued its first-ever order permitting passive euthanasia, allowing the withdrawal of artificial life support for Harish Rana, a 32-year-old man who had been in a coma for more than 12 years after suffering severe head injuries in 2013.

A bench of Justice J. B. Pardiwala and Justice K. V. Viswanathan directed All India Institute of Medical Sciences to admit the patient to palliative care, where artificial life support can be withdrawn while ensuring dignity.

The decision follows the court’s landmark Common Cause v. Union of India ruling, which recognized passive euthanasia and the right to die with dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution. The guidelines were further simplified in 2023, allowing withdrawal of life support after approval by primary and secondary medical boards when recovery chances are negligible.

This ruling reinforces the legal framework for passive euthanasia in India, emphasizing compassion, medical oversight, and the patient’s dignity.

Governor and Lieutenant Governor Appointments in India – March 2026

On 5 March 2026, Droupadi Murmu appointed several Governors and Lieutenant Governors across Indian states and union territories.

  • Shiv Pratap Shukla (Governor of Himachal Pradesh) was appointed Governor of Telangana.
  • Jishnu Dev Varma (Governor of Telangana) was appointed Governor of Maharashtra.
  • Nand Kishore Yadav, former Bihar Assembly Speaker, was appointed Governor of Nagaland.
  • Syed Ata Hasnain was appointed Governor of Bihar.

Other key changes:

  • R. N. Ravi (Governor of Tamil Nadu) was appointed Governor of West Bengal.
  • Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar (Governor of Kerala) will discharge the functions of Governor of Tamil Nadu.
  • The resignation of C. V. Ananda Bose as Governor of West Bengal was accepted.
  • Kavinder Gupta (LG of Ladakh) was appointed Governor of Himachal Pradesh.
  • Vinai Kumar Saxena (LG of Delhi) was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh.
  • Former diplomat Taranjit Singh Sandhu was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Delhi.

Union Cabinet Clears Proposal to Rename Kerala as Keralam

The Union Cabinet on 24 February 2026 approved the proposal to rename the State of Kerala as Keralam, restoring its original Malayalam name. The move follows a unanimous resolution passed by the Kerala Legislative Assembly in June 2024, seeking to align the state’s official name with its linguistic and cultural identity. Under Article 3 of the Constitution, the Kerala (Alteration of Name) Bill, 2026 will be referred to the state assembly before being introduced in Parliament.

The renaming is aimed at ensuring linguistic authenticity, acknowledging the historical usage of “Keralam” in inscriptions and literature, and strengthening the state’s cultural identity. The proposal enjoys cross-party political support and long-standing public backing, though its timing ahead of the 2026 state elections adds political relevance.

Once approved by Parliament, the change will require administrative updates to official records and documents. Symbolically, it reflects India’s broader effort to restore indigenous place names and preserve cultural heritage.

President’s Rule Revoked in Manipur; Yumnam Khemchand Singh Sworn in as Chief Minister

President’s Rule in Manipur was revoked on 4 February 2026, and BJP MLA Yumnam Khemchand Singh was sworn in as the new Chief Minister of Manipur. The Ministry of Home Affairs issued a notification revoking President’s Rule with immediate effect. President’s Rule had been imposed on 13 February 2025 following the resignation of former Chief Minister N. Biren Singh, placing the Legislative Assembly under suspended animation despite its tenure lasting until March 2027.

The swearing-in ceremony was held at Lok Bhavan, Imphal, where Governor Ajay Kumar Bhalla administered the oath. Nemcha Kipgen (BJP) and Losii Dikho (NPF) were sworn in as Deputy Chief Ministers, while Govindas Konthoujam (BJP) and Khuraijam Loken (NPP) took oath as ministers. Nemcha Kipgen joined the ceremony via video conference from Manipur Bhavan, New Delhi.

Yumnam Khemchand Singh, a BJP leader from Singjamei Assembly Constituency, previously served as Speaker and minister in the N. Biren Singh government. After meeting the Governor, he claimed formation of a BJP-led NDA government.

Supreme Court Declares Menstrual Hygiene a Fundamental Right Under Article 21

On 30 January 2026, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the right to menstrual hygiene is an integral part of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution. A bench comprising Justice J.B. Pardiwala and Justice R. Mahadevan issued a set of binding directions to all States, Union Territories, and schools to ensure dignity, health, privacy, and equality for girls and women.

The Court directed that every school must provide free biodegradable sanitary napkins to adolescent girls and ensure the availability of functional, hygienic, and gender-segregated toilets. It observed that the absence of basic facilities and the social stigma surrounding menstruation adversely impact girls’ health, education, and privacy.

Further, the Supreme Court ordered pan-India implementation of the Union Government’s ‘Menstrual Hygiene Policy for School-going Girls’ for students from Classes 6 to 12. The ruling clarified that compliance is mandatory for both government and private schools, warning that private institutions may face derecognition if they fail to provide separate toilets or ensure access to free sanitary pads. The judgment was delivered while hearing a petition seeking free sanitary napkins and adequate sanitation facilities for schoolgirls.

Supreme Court Keeps UGC Promotion of Equity Regulations, 2026 in Abeyance

On 29 January 2026, the Supreme Court of India ordered that the University Grants Commission (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026 be kept in abeyance after expressing serious reservations about their constitutional validity. The Regulations are under challenge for being discriminatory against the general category, with the Court observing that they are prima facie vague and susceptible to misuse.

A Bench comprising Chief Justice of India Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi suggested that the Regulations should be revisited by a committee of eminent jurists. While issuing notice to the Union Government and the University Grants Commission, returnable on March 19, the Court directed that the 2012 UGC Regulations will continue to operate until a final decision is taken.

Budget Session of Parliament 2026 from January 28

The Budget Session of Parliament 2026 began on January 28 with President Droupadi Murmu’s address to a joint sitting of both Houses. The session will run in two phases until April 2, featuring the Economic Survey on January 29 and Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s ninth consecutive Union Budget on February 1, setting a new parliamentary record.

Structured into Phase 1 (Jan 28–Feb 13), Recess (Feb 14–Mar 8), and Phase 2 (Mar 9–Apr 2), the session includes 30 sittings over 65 days. Key events include the President’s Address outlining priorities for Viksit Bharat, the Economic Survey reviewing performance for FY 2025–26, and the Union Budget for FY 2026–27.

Nitin Nabin Becomes Youngest National President of BJP in Unopposed Election

Nitin Nabin has been elected unopposed as the new National President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), formally taking charge on January 20, 2026.

Youngest Leader: At 45 years old, he becomes the youngest person ever to lead the BJP.

Wide Support: His nomination was backed by senior BJP leaders including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Amit Shah, Rajnath Singh and the outgoing president J.P. Nadda, reflecting strong internal consensus.

Political Background: Nitin Nabin is a five-term MLA from Bihar and has served as minister in the Bihar government before rising through the BJP organisational ranks.

Strategic Shift: His appointment is widely seen as a generational shift and a strategic move to energise the party ahead of future elections.

Budget Session of Parliament 2026: Economic Survey & Union Budget Timeline

The Budget Session of Parliament 2026 began on January 28, 2026, and will continue until April 2, 2026, conducted in two phases. It is one of India’s most important parliamentary sessions, featuring the President’s address, the Economic Survey, and the presentation of the Union Budget.

In Phase 1 (January 28 – February 13), President Droupadi Murmu addressed the joint sitting of Parliament, followed by the presentation of the Economic Survey 2025–26 on January 29, and the Union Budget 2026–27 on February 1 by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. After a recess, Phase 2 (March 9 – April 2) will focus on discussions, departmental scrutiny, and passage of budget-related bills.

The session holds major significance as it sets the nation’s fiscal priorities, outlines economic policy direction, enables legislative business, and provides space for opposition scrutiny. Key issues include balancing fiscal targets with welfare spending, managing global economic uncertainties, and advancing reforms in infrastructure, digitalization, and social welfare.

Winter Session of Parliament 2025 Concludes with Passage of Landmark Bills

Both Houses of Parliament were adjourned sine die on 19 December 2025, marking the conclusion of the 19-day Winter Session, which began on 1 December 2025.

In his valedictory address, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla said the Lower House held 15 sittings and recorded 111% productivity, thanking members for their cooperation. Rajya Sabha Chairman C.P. Radhakrishnan noted that the Upper House functioned for about 92 hours with 121% productivity, highlighting high-quality debates on issues of democratic and historical importance. Special discussions were held on the 150th anniversary of the national song Vande Mataram and electoral reforms, with wide participation by members.

Key legislations passed included the Viksit Bharat–G RAM G Bill 2025, the SHANTI Bill, and major insurance and health-related bills. The session also witnessed the first-ever dedicated discussion on electoral reforms in Parliament.

SHANTI Bill 2025: Major Reform in India’s Civil Nuclear Energy Sector

The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Bill, 2025 (SHANTI Bill) represents a major reform in India’s civil nuclear sector, positioning nuclear power as a key component of the country’s clean energy transition. Passed by both Houses of Parliament in December 2025, the bill replaces outdated laws such as the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010.

Despite India’s nuclear power capacity doubling since 2014, it still forms a small share of the overall energy mix. The SHANTI Bill aims to scale up nuclear energy to meet climate commitments and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

A landmark feature of the bill is the opening of the nuclear sector to private participation, allowing private companies and joint ventures to construct, own, operate, and decommission nuclear power plants. It grants statutory authority to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) to strengthen safety oversight and licensing.

The bill also consolidates safety, liability, and compensation provisions into a single legal framework, reforms liability rules to attract investment while ensuring public safety, and encourages research and innovation by easing licensing for certain R&D activities.

Winter Session of Parliament Begins on December 1, 2025

The Winter Session of the Indian Parliament began on 1 December 2025, with 15 sittings scheduled over 19 days. A total of 13 bills are expected to be taken up, including the National Highways (Amendment) Bill, Atomic Energy Bill, Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill, Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, and the Higher Education Commission of India Bill, 2025.

In the Lok Sabha, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will introduce the Central Excise (Amendment) Bill and the Health Security and National Security Cess Bill, 2025. The session will also include discussion and voting on the first batch of Supplementary Demands for Grants for 2025–26.

Samvidhan Diwas (Constitution Day) – 26 November

Samvidhan Diwas is observed every year on 26 November to commemorate the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1949. Although the Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950, this day marks its official acceptance by the Constituent Assembly. The Government of India declared it Constitution Day in 2015.

Historically, the Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly formed in 1946, with Dr. Rajendra Prasad as its President and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. The day honours their contributions and highlights the core constitutional values of Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

In 2025, India is celebrating the 75th Constitution Day with the theme “Hamara Samvidhan – Hamara Swabhiman”. Events across the country include Preamble reading, awareness campaigns, debates, and special sessions in institutions and Parliament.

Overall, Samvidhan Diwas reminds citizens to uphold democratic values and remain committed to the principles laid out in the Constitution.

Implementation of Four New Labour Codes in India

On 21 November 2025, the Central Government announced the implementation of four new labour codes to simplify and modernize India’s labour laws. Labour and Employment Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya stated that these reforms aim to ensure better wages, safety, social security, and welfare for workers, calling them the Government’s Guarantee of Dignity for Every Worker.

The Four Labour Codes Implemented

  • Code on Wages, 2019
  • Industrial Relations Code, 2020
  • Code on Social Security, 2020
  • Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020

Key Benefits

  • Guaranteed timely minimum wages for all workers
  • Appointment letters for young employees
  • Equal pay for women
  • Social security for 40 crore workers
  • Gratuity after 1 year for fixed-term employees
  • Overtime wages doubled
  • Free annual health check-ups for workers above 40 years
  • Full health coverage for hazardous sector employees

Social Security Expansion

Over the last decade, India’s workforce under social-security coverage increased from 19% in 2015 to over 64% in 2025. The ministry said the new codes strengthen portability of benefits nationwide.

Nitish Kumar Takes Oath as Bihar Chief Minister for a Record 10th Time

Nitish Kumar was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Bihar for a record 10th time on 20 November 2025 at Gandhi Maidan, Patna.
The ceremony was attended by PM Narendra Modi, Union ministers, and several NDA Chief Ministers. Governor Arif Mohammad Khan administered the oath.

A total of 26 NDA ministers were sworn in — 14 BJP, 8 JD(U), 2 LJP (Ram Vilas), and 1 each from HAM(S) and Rashtriya Lok Morcha.

Kumar was unanimously chosen as leader of both the JD(U) Legislature Party and the NDA Legislature Party. The BJP named Samrat Choudhary and Vijay Kumar Sinha as its Legislature Party leader and deputy leader.

The 2025 Assembly elections saw the NDA win 202 of 243 seats, its second time crossing 200 seats. Among them, BJP won 89, JD(U) 85, LJP(R) 19, HAM(S) 5, and RLM 4. The opposition secured far fewer seats: RJD 25, Congress 6, CPI(ML)L 2, CPI(M) 1, and AIMIM 5, BSP 1, IIP 1.

Voting took place in two phases (6 & 11 November) and recorded a historic 67.13% turnout, with women voting more (71.6%) than men (62.8%).

Bihar Assembly Election 2025: NDA Secures Three-Fourth Majority

The Bihar Assembly Election 2025 results declared on 14 November. National Democratic Alliance (NDA), which returned to power with a three-fourth majority, winning 202 out of 243 seats. The Mahagathbandhan (INDIA bloc) faced a major collapse, securing only 35 seats, marking a dramatic shift in Bihar’s political landscape.

The BJP became the single-largest party with 89 seats, while JD(U) reaffirmed its strength with 85 seats. Voter turnout saw a historic trend, with women voters (71.78%) outperforming men (62.98%).

With a 46.7% vote share, the NDA’s strong mandate reflects a public preference for governance continuity and stability, while the opposition is left to reassess its strategy after a steep decline.

Winter Session of the Parliament from 1 to 19 December 2025

The Winter Session of the Indian Parliament will be held from December 1 to December 19, 2025, focusing on crucial constitutional, electoral, and economic reforms amid a tense political climate. The session, convened under Article 85 of the Constitution, will include 15 sittings — one of the shortest in recent years.

Approved by President Droupadi Murmu and announced by Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju, the agenda includes discussions on electoral roll revisions, constitutional amendments, and economic legislation ahead of the 2026 elections.

Speaker Om Birla has appealed for discipline and cooperation, urging MPs to avoid disruptions after previous sessions’ low productivity. Meanwhile, the Opposition has criticized the short duration and is expected to focus on vote fraud allegations and governance transparency.

Bihar Assembly Elections 2025: First Phase Voting Underway in 18 Districts

The first phase of Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 is underway today, 6 November, across 121 constituencies in 18 districts including Patna, Nalanda, and Muzaffarpur. Polling runs from 7 AM to 6 PM under tight security, with webcasting at all 45,341 booths.

Over 3.75 crore voters will decide the fate of 1,314 candidates, including 122 women. The NDA (JD(U), BJP, LJP-R, RLM) and Mahagathbandhan (RJD, Congress, Left parties, VIP) are the main contenders, while Jan Suraj Party is contesting 119 seats.

Prominent candidates include Tejashwi Yadav (Raghopur), Deputy CMs Samrat Choudhary and Vijay Sinha, Ram Kripal Yadav (Danapur), and newcomers Maithili Thakur and Kheshari Lal Yadav.

Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 Announcement

The Election Commission of India has announced that the Bihar Assembly Elections will be held in two phases — on 6th November and 11th November 2025, with vote counting on 14th November. The election will cover 243 assembly seats, with 121 constituencies voting in the first phase and 122 in the second.

Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar said that over 90,712 polling booths will be set up for 7.43 crore voters.

  • First phase notification: 10th October; nominations open till 17th October.
  • Second phase notification: 13th October; nominations open till 20th October.

CP Radhakrishnan Elected as 15th Vice President of India

On 9 Sept 2025, NDA nominee CP Radhakrishnan was elected as the 15th Vice President of India, defeating INDIA bloc candidate Justice B. Sudershan Reddy. Radhakrishnan secured 452 first preference votes against Reddy’s 300, while 15 votes were declared invalid. The election witnessed a 98.2% turnout, with 767 MPs voting out of 781. The Vice President’s post had been vacant since July 21, following the resignation of Jagdeep Dhankhar due to health reasons.

Born in 1957 in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, Radhakrishnan has served as Governor of Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Telangana, and Puducherry, besides being a two-time MP from Coimbatore and a former BJP Tamil Nadu president.

Parliament Passes Online Gaming Bill 2025: Real-Money Games Banned

On 21 August 2025, Parliament passed the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025, creating a national framework for India’s gaming sector.

Objectives: Promote skill-based gaming & esports, regulate the industry, ban real-money betting/wagering games, and protect users from addiction & financial harm.

  • Prohibitions: Ban on money games, their advertisements, and related financial transactions.
  • Penalties: Up to 5 years jail, fines up to ₹2 crore for repeat offences.
  • Impact: Real-money platforms like Dream11, MPL, PokerBaazi face bans; esports & social gaming expected to grow.

INDIA Bloc Names Justice B. Sudershan Reddy as Vice Presidential Candidate

The INDIA bloc on 19 August 2025 named Justice B. Sudershan Reddy (former Supreme Court Judge) as its candidate for the Vice Presidential election on September 9.

The announcement was made by Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge in New Delhi. Justice Reddy will file his nomination on August 21. All opposition parties, including TMC and AAP, are supporting him.

He will contest against NDA nominee CP Radhakrishnan. The VP post fell vacant after Jagdeep Dhankhar resigned (21 July).

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