Q. Where was the 47th ASEAN Summit 2025 held from October 26–28? A. Jakarta B. Bangkok C. Kuala Lumpur D. Singapore
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✅ Answer: C. Kuala Lumpur
Q. What does NAKSHA stand for in the programme launched by the Department of Land Resources (DoLR) in February 2025? A. National Analytical Knowledge System for Housing and Assets B. National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations C. National Aerial Kartographic Survey for Habitat Areas D. National Advanced Knowledge Scheme for Housing Assessment
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✅ Answer: B. National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations
Q. The Vigyan Ratna award under the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 was conferred posthumously on which eminent scientist? A. S. Venkata Mohan B. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar C. K. Thangaraj D. Gyanendra Pratap Singh
The Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) 2025 honored 24 individuals and one team for their outstanding contributions to science, technology, and innovation. The Vigyan Ratna, awarded posthumously to renowned astrophysicist Dr. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, recognized lifetime achievement in science, while Dr. S. Venkata Mohan, Director of CSIR-NEERI, received the Vigyan Shri for his pioneering work in environmental biotechnology.
Instituted by the Government of India, the RVP is a national-level award modeled on the Padma Awards and celebrates excellence across four categories — Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva, and Vigyan Team. Announced on October 25, 2025, by the Principal Scientific Adviser, the awards aim to promote scientific innovation, youth engagement, and interdisciplinary research aligned with India’s vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and technology-driven growth.
The NAKSHA Programme (National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations) is a pilot initiative launched in February 2025 by India’s Department of Land Resources (DoLR) under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP). It aims to modernize urban land records using geospatial and GIS technologies for better governance and transparency.
Covering 157 urban local bodies across 27 states and 3 union territories, the programme spans over 4,484 sq. km, benefiting more than 1.5 crore citizens. It was inaugurated by Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in Raisen, Madhya Pradesh.
The initiative uses drone-based mapping, GIS integration, and digital land records to ensure accurate property data, efficient urban planning, and easier dispute resolution. Implemented with support from the Survey of India, NICSI, MPSeDC, and state land departments, NAKSHA is a step toward digital, transparent, and citizen-friendly land governance, with plans for nationwide expansion in the future.
The 47th ASEAN Summit 2025, held in Kuala Lumpur under the theme “Inclusivity and Sustainability”, marked a historic expansion as East Timor (Timor-Leste) became ASEAN’s 11th member. Hosted by Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, the summit gathered leaders from ASEAN nations along with major partners including the US, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.
Key discussions focused on regional stability, economic integration, climate action, and digital connectivity. Notably, US President Donald Trump attended in person, while Indian PM Narendra Modi joined virtually, reaffirming India’s commitment to the Act East Policy and maritime cooperation.
Major outcomes included progress in US-China trade dialogue, efforts toward a Thailand–Cambodia peace deal, and commitments to green growth, health security, and maritime safety. The summit also outlined ASEAN’s Vision 2045, emphasizing a resilient, sustainable, and people-centered regional community.
ASEAN Member Countries
As of 2025, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has 11 member countries, after the inclusion of East Timor (Timor-Leste).
Q. When is the Raising Day of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) celebrated? A) October 20 B) October 21 C) October 24 D) October 26
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✅ Answer: C) October 24
Q. Rashtriya Ekta Diwas is observed every year on October 31 to mark the birth anniversary of which national leader? A) Mahatma Gandhi B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel C) Subhas Chandra Bose D) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) is observed annually on October 31 to mark the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India’s Iron Man who unified 562 princely states after Independence. The 2025 celebration, held at Ekta Nagar in Gujarat, is of special significance as it marks Patel’s 150th birth anniversary.
The event features a grand parade and cultural festival with participation from Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), State Police, and NCC cadets. Highlights include cavalry and camel-mounted contingents, martial arts displays, and performances by women personnel from CISF and CRPF. The Guard of Honor to the Prime Minister will be led by a female officer, symbolizing women’s empowerment.
Indigenous dog breeds like the Rampur Hound and Mudhol Hound (“Riya”) will perform demonstrations. The celebration will also include Assam Police’s motorcycle stunts, BSF’s Camel Band, and a Surya Kiran air show by the Indian Air Force.
State and UT tableaux will showcase the theme “Unity in Diversity,” while brass bands and cultural performances by 900 artists will highlight India’s heritage. Gallantry award winners from BSF and CRPF will be honored for bravery in anti-Naxal and counter-terror operations.
From November 1–15, 2025, Bharat Parv will be hosted in Ekta Nagar, featuring cultural programs, food festivals, and will conclude with Birsa Munda Jayanti celebrations, emphasizing national unity, cultural diversity, and patriotism.
The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) celebrates its Raising Day on October 24, marking its establishment in 1962 after the India-China war. Tasked with guarding the 3,488 km India-China border across extreme Himalayan terrains from Ladakh to Arunachal Pradesh, ITBP personnel serve at altitudes between 9,000 and 18,700 feet under harsh weather conditions.
Their responsibilities include border patrols, disaster relief, rescue operations, and internal security duties. On Raising Day, the force displays its skills through parades and demonstrations, while gallantry awards honor its heroes and martyrs. Beyond border security, ITBP also contributes to mountaineering, skiing, and community welfare in remote regions. The day stands as a tribute to the bravery, resilience, and dedication of these “Guardians of the Himalayan Frontiers.”
Q. When is the uncrewed Gaganyaan G1 mission scheduled to launch? a) November 2025 b) December 2025 c) January 2026 d) March 2026
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➡️ Answer: b) December 2025
Q. On which festival were the Kedarnath and Yamunotri shrines closed for winter? a) Diwali b) Bhai Dooj c) Dussehra d) Kartik Purnima
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➡️ Answer: b) Bhai Dooj
Q. Where did Delhi conduct its first artificial rain trial through cloud seeding in collaboration with IIT Kanpur on 23 October 2025? A) Dwarka B) Burari C) Rohini D) Lajpat Nagar
Delhi has successfully conducted a trial of artificial rain through cloud seeding in the Burari area on October 23, 2025, to combat rising pollution levels. The initiative, led by CM Rekha Gupta in collaboration with IIT Kanpur, used silver iodide and sodium chloride released from an aircraft to test the technology. Despite low humidity, the trial confirmed operational readiness for a full-scale cloud seeding operation planned around October 29, depending on weather conditions.
The project aims to induce rainfall to reduce air pollution, especially during Delhi’s critical pollution season caused by stubble burning and vehicular emissions. It marks a historic scientific step toward pollution control, with potential for replication in other Indian cities if successful.
On 23 October 2025, the portals of Shri Kedarnath Dham and Yamunotri Dham, two of Uttarakhand’s revered Char Dham shrines, were ceremoniously closed on the occasion of Bhai Dooj with traditional rituals, chanting of mantras, and grand floral decorations.
At Kedarnath, the temple doors were closed at 8:30 AM, and the Panchmukhi (five-faced) idol of Lord Kedarnath was placed in a Doli (palanquin) to begin its journey to its winter abode at Omkareshwar Temple, Ukhimath. The Doli will reach Ukhimath on 25 October, where the idol will be ceremoniously installed for six months of winter worship.
Similarly, the Yamunotri Dham in Uttarkashi closed its doors at 12:30 PM, and the palanquin of Goddess Yamuna departed for Kharsali, her winter seat, where devotees can continue to offer prayers until the next pilgrimage season.
This year, over 24 lakh devotees visited both Kedarnath and Yamunotri during the pilgrimage season. On the closing day, Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami offered prayers at Kedarnath, seeking the happiness, prosperity, and well-being of the people of the state.
On 23 October 2025, ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan announced that 90% of work on the Gaganyaan uncrewed test flight mission (G1) has been completed, with the launch scheduled for the first week of December 2025. He confirmed that all key tests — including those on the crew module, escape system, parachute, and communication subsystems — have been successfully conducted. The Vyomamitra humanoid will fly aboard this uncrewed mission to low Earth orbit.
The final crewed Gaganyaan mission is targeted for 2027, during which three Indian astronauts will travel to space and return safely.
Dr. Narayanan also provided updates on other ISRO projects:
The NISAR Earth Observation Satellite will have its payloads operational within 10–15 days.
The first base module of the Bharatiya Antriksh Station will be launched by 2028, with the space station expected by 2035.
The NAVIC navigation satellite constellation (seven satellites) will be fully operational by 2027.
The Mars Lander Mission configuration is under development and awaiting approval.
ISRO is advancing technology for next-generation multi-stage rockets capable of lifting 75,000–80,000 kg, designed for human and deep space missions.
Q. Which sportsman was conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army in October 2025?
a) PV Sindhu b) Virat Kohli c) Neeraj Chopra d) Abhinav Bindra
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✅ c) Neeraj Chopra
Q. Ningol Chakouba festival is celebrated in which Indian state? a) Assam b) Tripura c) Manipur d) Meghalaya
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➡️ Answer: c) Manipur
Q. Who is the author of the book “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security”? a) Gen Anil Chauhan b) Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd) c) Gen Upendra Dwivedi d) Rajnath Singh
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➡️ Answer: b) Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd)**
Q. According to the Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025, what is India’s global rank in total forest area? a) 7th b) 8th c) 9th d) 10th
India has risen to the 9th position globally in total forest area, as per the Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025 released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Bali. The country also retains its 3rd rank worldwide in annual forest area gain, showcasing strong progress in sustainable forest management and ecological balance.
Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav shared the achievement, crediting the rise from 10th to 9th rank to the government’s effective forest conservation and afforestation policies under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Key initiatives include the ‘Ek Ped Ma Ke Naam’ campaign, which inspires citizens to plant trees in tribute to their mothers, strengthening community participation in environmental efforts.
The book “Civil-Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power and Comprehensive Security”, authored by Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd), was launched on 22 October 2025 in New Delhi. It presents a strategic framework for integrating India’s military capabilities with civil institutions to strengthen national power and comprehensive security. The book highlights Civil-Military Fusion (CMF) as essential for modern warfare, emphasizing jointness, integration, and innovation across defence, governance, and technology sectors.
Launched by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, the event also featured CDS Gen Anil Chauhan and Army Chief Gen Upendra Dwivedi, who praised the concept for promoting strategic synergy. Drawing lessons from Operation Sindoor, the book showcases effective joint command and preemptive defence strategies. It aligns with ongoing defence reforms like the creation of the CDS and focus on indigenous defence production, serving as a vital guide for policymakers and strategists.
Manipur celebrated the Ningol Chakouba festival on 23 October 2025, a traditional occasion that strengthens the bond between married women and their brothers along with their paternal families.
Observed annually on the second day of Hiyangei month in the Meitei calendar, the festival involves married women visiting their parental homes with gifts like fruits and vegetables, sharing a grand feast, and receiving gifts from their brothers.
The term Ningol Chakouba translates to “feast of married women.”
On 22 October 2025, Olympic javelin champion Neeraj Chopra was conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army during a ceremony in New Delhi, attended by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi.
Mr. Singh praised Neeraj as a symbol of perseverance, patriotism, and excellence, inspiring both the sporting community and the Armed Forces.
Neeraj joined the Indian Army in 2016 as a Naib Subedar, later rising to Subedar Major. His accolades include the Arjuna Award (2018), Khel Ratna (2021), Param Vishisht Seva Medal (2022), and Padma Shri (2022), following his historic Tokyo 2020 Olympic gold medal.
Q. Who became Japan’s first female Prime Minister in October 2025? A) Yuriko Koike B) Sanae Takaichi C) Fumio Kishida D) Yoko Kamikawa
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✅ Answer: B) Sanae Takaichi
Q. Regional Connectivity Scheme – UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik), which completed 9 years on 21 October 2025, is a scheme related to: A) Connecting railways with all major cities B) Roadways bus service to connect all districts C) Providing broadband to all villages D) Making air travel affordable and connecting smaller cities and towns
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✅ Answer: D) Making air travel affordable and connecting smaller cities and towns
Q. Where will the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 be held from October 31 to November 17? A) Chennai B) Mumbai C) Arpora, Goa D) New Delhi
India will host the FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 at Resort Rio, Arpora (Goa) from October 31 to November 17, marking the tournament’s return to India after 23 years. The event will feature elite players from 82 countries, including Viswanathan Anand, Gukesh D, and Faustino Oro.
Inaugurated by Goa Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant, the tournament’s logo and anthem celebrate Goan culture and India’s chess heritage. Conducted in a knockout format, the World Cup aims to boost tourism, sports infrastructure, and reinforce India’s growing prominence in global chess. The pleasant Goan climate and scenic venue make it an ideal international sporting destination.
The Regional Connectivity Scheme – UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) has enabled over 1.56 crore passengers to travel through 3.23 lakh flights since its launch on 21 October 2016 under the National Civil Aviation Policy. Marking its 9th anniversary, Civil Aviation Secretary Samir Kumar Sinha called UDAN a transformational initiative that made air travel affordable and accessible. The government plans to extend the scheme beyond April 2027 under an Expanded UDAN Framework, focusing on better connectivity to hilly, North-Eastern, and aspirational regions and developing 120 new destinations.
So far, 649 routes have connected 93 unserved and underserved airports, including 15 heliports and 2 water aerodromes. Over ₹4,300 crore has been given as Viability Gap Funding, and ₹4,638 crore invested in airport development. The government also introduced Guidelines for Seaplane Operations and launched UDAN 5.5, granting Letters of Intent for 150 new routes connecting 30 water aerodromes across coastal and island regions.
On 21 October 2025, Sanae Takaichi became Japan’s first female Prime Minister, elected by both Houses of Parliament with narrow majorities. A former TV anchor, Takaichi began her political career in 1993 and joined the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in 1996.
She has previously served in the Cabinet under Shinzo Abe, including as Economic Security Minister (2022–2024). The 64-year-old lawmaker from Nara Prefecture now faces major challenges such as slow economic growth, inflation, and yen depreciation.
Q. Which team won the 125th Indian Football Association (IFA) Shield in 2025? A. East Bengal FC B. Real Kashmir FC C. Mohun Bagan Super Giant D. Bengaluru FC
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➡️ Answer: C. Mohun Bagan Super Giant
Q. Which countries mediated the ceasefire between Afghanistan and Pakistan in October 2025? A. Saudi Arabia and Iran B. Qatar and Turkiye C. China and Russia D. USA and UAE
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➡️ Answer: B. Qatar and Turkiye
Q. Who won Bolivia’s 2025 presidential election? A. Evo Morales B. Jorge “Tuto” Quiroga C. Rodrigo Paz D. Edman Lara
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➡️ Answer: C. Rodrigo Paz
Q. Police Commemoration Day is observed every year on October 21 to commemorate which historical event? A. Battle of Kargil B. 26/11 Mumbai Attacks C. 1959 Hot Springs incident in Ladakh D. Operation Blue Star
Police Commemoration Day is observed every year on October 21 to honor the supreme sacrifices made by police personnel in the line of duty. The day originated from the 1959 Hot Springs incident in Ladakh, where ten CRPF jawans were martyred after being ambushed by Chinese troops.
The main ceremony takes place at the National Police Memorial (NPM) in New Delhi, featuring the Wall of Valour, a central sculpture, and a museum dedicated to police history.
In 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh led the national tribute, with state-level parades, exhibitions, and outreach programs organized across India to honor fallen heroes. Police units also engaged with schools and communities to spread awareness about the courage and service of the force.
Rodrigo Paz, leader of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC), won Bolivia’s 2025 presidential election with 54.5% of the vote, defeating former interim President Jorge “Tuto” Quiroga (45.5%) in the October 19 runoff. He will assume office on November 8, 2025.
Paz’s victory marks the end of nearly two decades of socialist dominance by the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), once led by Evo Morales. A 58-year-old economist educated in the U.S., Paz ran on a centrist and reform-oriented platform, pledging “capitalism for all”—balancing market reforms with social welfare.
Bolivia is currently facing a severe economic crisis with high inflation and fuel shortages, which fueled voter dissatisfaction. Paz now faces the challenge of governing without a legislative majority, requiring alliances to stabilize the economy, rebuild investor trust, and strengthen democracy.
Afghanistan and Pakistan reached an immediate ceasefire on October 18, 2025, after a week of deadly border clashes that left dozens dead and hundreds injured. The truce was brokered in Doha with mediation by Qatar and Turkiye, marking a key step toward easing tensions along the 2,600 km border.
The agreement calls for:
Immediate end to hostilities
Monitoring mechanisms for compliance
Follow-up peace talks for lasting stability
The conflict began on October 11, 2025, when Pakistan launched airstrikes in Kabul and Paktika, blaming Afghan-based groups for cross-border attacks—claims denied by Afghanistan.
Mohun Bagan Super Giant clinched the 125th Indian Football Association (IFA) Shield by defeating East Bengal FC 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in a thrilling Kolkata Derby final at Salt Lake Stadium on October 18, 2025.
Result: Mohun Bagan won on penalties (5–4), securing their 21st IFA Shield title and first since 2003.
🏅 About the IFA Shield: Founded in 1893, the IFA Shield is the fourth-oldest football tournament in the world (after the FA Cup, Scottish Cup, and Durand Cup). The 2025 edition marked its return after a three-year gap, last held in 2021, when Real Kashmir FC were champions.
The 2025 Nobel Prizes honored transformative achievements across science, literature, peace, and economics. Here’s the full list of laureates with brief descriptions of their work:
🧬 Physiology or Medicine
Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi Awarded for discovering regulatory T cells, which act as immune system “peacekeepers” by preventing autoimmune responses. Their work advanced treatments for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation.
⚛️ Physics
John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis Recognized for demonstrating macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in electric circuits. Their experiments laid the groundwork for quantum computing and superconducting technologies.
🧪 Chemistry
David Baker, Demis Hassabis, John Jumper Honored for breakthroughs in protein structure prediction using AI. Their work revolutionized drug discovery and molecular biology, notably through DeepMind’s AlphaFold project.
📚 Literature
László Krasznahorkai (Hungary) Celebrated for his apocalyptic and philosophical fiction that explores the human condition in post-totalitarian societies. His prose is known for long, flowing sentences and existential depth.
🕊️ Peace
María Corina Machado (Venezuela) Awarded for her courageous advocacy for democracy and human rights in Venezuela. Her efforts mobilized civil society and challenged authoritarianism through peaceful resistance.
📈 Economic Sciences
Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt Recognized for their research on innovation-driven economic growth. They showed how technological change, competition, and creative destruction fuel long-term prosperity.
On 17 October 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveiled the first Tejas LCA Mk1A fighter jet from HAL’s new Nashik production line and inaugurated a second production line for the HTT-40 trainer aircraft.
Rajnath Singh noted that before 2014, around 65–70% of defence equipment was imported, but now about 65% is produced domestically. He praised HAL Nashik for its six-decade contribution to strengthening India’s defence manufacturing.
The Tejas LCA Mk1A is an advanced, 4.5-generation, multi-role fighter jet designed to replace the MiG-21s, featuring improved avionics, air-to-air refuelling, and capabilities for air defence, ground attack, and maritime strike missions.
Q. Which organization developed the Tejas LCA Mk1A fighter jet? A) DRDO B) ISRO C) Bharat Dynamics Limited D) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
On 17 October 2025, India defeated Malaysia2-1 in the final pool match of the Sultan of Johor Cup Men’s Hockey in Johor, Malaysia. The first quarter ended 0-0. Gurjot Singh scored for India in the 22nd minute to give a 1-0 lead at half-time. Malaysia equalized in the 43rd minute through Naaveenesh Panicker. Five minutes later, Sourabh Anand Kushwaha converted a penalty corner to secure India’s win.
With this victory, India entered the final and will face Australia.
